CH3与HO2自由基反应途径及位垒的计算研究

采用量子化学从头算中的QCISD方法,在cc-pvdz和cc-pvtz基组水平上对CH3 HO2反应机理进行了计算研究,结果表明,CH3与HO2双分子自由基反应是一个复杂反应,反应可以在不同的电子态下经数个产物通道进行．在HOz自由基上的H直接转移到甲基自由基生成CH4 O2的反应途径上,存在一个低于反应物能量8．49kJ／mol的分子复合物．直接氢转移反应的计算位垒为3．07kJ／mol。与实验值零位垒相近．由CH3OOH生成CH2O和H2O反应的过渡态呈四元环构型,且具有Cs对称性,基于IRC计算,证明了该过渡态引导CH3OOH生成CH2O和H2O的反应机理是一个分子内氢迁移和H2O消除的协同过程．对由反应物生成CH3O和OH自由基的反应,除存在协同机理外,还提出了另一可能的通道,即反应物沿单线态位能面经过一个分步反应完成．也即反应物先经无位垒过程产生CH3OOH及其异构体CH3(O)OH,其中CH3(O)OH发生解离反应生成CH3OH和单线态原子氧,然后原子氧转化为三线态再与CH3OH进行反应生成CH3O和OH．     

CH_3NO_2和CH_3ONO分解反应的量子化学和电子密度拓扑分析

采用B3LYP,MP2(full)和CCSD(T)方法在6-311G(d,p)水平上对三线态CH3NO2和异构体CH3ONO分解反应的微观机理进行了理论研究.优化得到了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,振动频率分析证实了过渡态的真实性,内禀反应坐标跟踪验证了过渡态与反应物和产物的连接关系.研究表明:CH3ONO通过TS1反应通道分解CH3和NO2,通过TS2通道生成CH3O和NO;CH3NO2通过TS3反应通道生成CH3和NO2.3个分解反应都是自然条件下较容易发生的分解反应.电子密度拓扑研究表明:TS1分解反应过程中存在一个三元环.     

CH3CN与NO+反应动力学的理论研究

用密度泛函理论在QCISD/6-311 G**//B3LYP/6-311G*水平上对星际分子CH3CN和NO 的反应机理和动力学进行了理论研究,得到了体系的势能面信息和可能的反应机理:CH3CN和NO 反应中共存在9个反应通道、4种中间体和11种过渡态,并得到CH2 CHN2O,CH2C N2OH,CH3NC NO 和CH3C N2O 4种产物;从能量变化角度考虑,CH3CN NO →CH3NC NO 应为主反应通道.     

CF3O2与NO自由基反应体系的理论研究

本文用B3LYP方法在6-311＋＋G^＊＊基组水平上研究了CH2C lO＋NO自由基反应体系的一个反应通道：CF3O2＋NO→IM1→TS1→IM2→TS2→CF2O＋CO2F.研究表明,CF2O＋CO2F为此自由基反应的产物之一.     

CH_2ClO与NO自由基反应机理的量子化学研究

本文使用Gaussian98程序包,在B3LYP／6—311＋＋G＊＊基组水平上,用振动模式分析和电子布居分析对CH2CIO与NO自由基反应体系的反应机理进行了量子化学研究．研究结果表明,CH2CIO＋NO→IM1→TS1→IM2→TS3→OCHCl＋HNO为主反应通道,OCHCI＋HNO为主产物．     

CH2CIO与NO自由基反应机理的量子化学研究

本文使用Gaussian98程序包,在B3LYP／6—311＋＋G＊＊基组水平上,用振动模式分析和电子布居分析对CH2CIO与NO自由基反应体系的反应机理进行了量子化学研究．研究结果表明,CH2CIO＋NO→IM1→TS1→IM2→TS3→OCHCl＋HNO为主反应通道,OCHCI＋HNO为主产物．     

CH自由基与HNCO反应机理的理论研究

用MP2方法,在6-311＋＋G（d,p）基组水平上研究了CH自由基与HNCO的反应机理.全参数优化了反应过程中反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物,选用更高水平的QCISD（T）/6-311＋＋G（d,p）和G3方法计算了相应的能量.研究结果表明：CH自由基与HNCO反应存在4条反应通道,分别为（1）CH＋HNCO→IM1→TS1→CH2＋NCO;（2）CH＋HNCO→IM1→TS2→IM2→TS3→H2CN＋CO;（3）CH＋HNCO→IM（cis）→TS（cis）→HCNH＋CO;（4）CH＋HNCO→IM（cis）→TS（cis-trans）→IM（trans）→TS（trans）→HCNH＋CO.其中通道（3）具有相对较低的活化能,且为放热通道,是反应的主要通道.     

BrONO2与O(3P)气相反应微观机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论计算方法B3LYP^[1,2]／6-31G（d），对BrONO2＋O（^3 P）的反应机理进行了理论计算，求得的各过渡态均通过频率振动分析加以确认。计算结果表明：该反应有3种反应通道，由于反应BrONO2＋O（^3 P）→BrO＋NO3的活化能最低（5．32KJ．mol^-1），是主反应通道．但BrONO2＋O（^3 P）→O2NO2＋Br也是可能进行的，因为它的反应活化能比较小。     

1-丙烯基与NO的自由基反应机理

本文研究了C3H5.＋NO自由基反应体系的3个反应通道：IM5→TS9→IM7→TS10→IM8→TS11→IM9→TS12→HCHO＋CH3CN;IM1→TS13→IM10→TS14→IM11→TS15→HNO＋CH3C≡CH;IM5→TS16→IM12→TS17→IM13→CH3CHO＋HCN,进一步揭示了反应机理.     

N＋NO2反应动力学研究

采用UMP2(full)/6-31G*方法从理论上对N和NO2的反应进行了研究,计算了各反应通道上所有驻点的构型参数和振动频率,根据相对的G2MP2能量绘制的势能剖面图详细给出了N和NO2的反应机理.在此基础上,应用经Wigner校正的Eyring过渡态理论计算了在280~1 500 K温度范围内,1大气压下该反应3个反应通道的活化热力学量、反应速率常数、频率因子.计算结果表明:N NO2→IM→TS1→N2 O2是主要反应通道,N2和O2为主要产物.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that