Über den Einfluss von Organextrakten auf den Sauerstoffverbrauch von Geweben

Résumé 1° La consommation en O₂ des tissus cardiaque et hépatique de cobayes sains et atteints de scorbut est augmentée par l'apport de différents extraits organiques (extraits de cur, foie et estomac-i ntestin). L'extrait de cur augmente fortement la respiration des coupes du muscle cardiaque et l'extrait de foie celles des coupes du foie (ceci est prouvé d'une manière significative par les statistiques).2° La respiration de coupes de tissus de cobayes atteints de scorbut est plus forte que celle d'animaux d'expériences sains.3° Ces résultats soulignent le fait que les extraits d'organes exercent une influence particulière sur les tissus dont ils proviennent.     

Zur Rolle von Schwermetallionen im Wirkungsmechanismus von Strahlenschädigung und Strahlenschutz

Summary The catalysis of the reaction between H₂O₂ and nucleotides by biologically important metal ions has been studied spectrophotometrically, the importance of complex-formation equilibria for this catalysis was demonstrated. Radiobiological implications are discussed.     

Die katalytische Wirkung von Metallionen auf die Stabilität von Phosphagenen

Summary Phosphoroguanidates, a class of compounds which includes the enzymatically-active phosphagens, exhibit exceptionalin vitro stability. This lack of reactivity implies anin vivo mode of activation, as yet undiscerned. A variety of metal ions catalyse the cleavage of the phosphorus-nitrogen bond with consequent phosphoryl-group transfer, but the enhancement of rate seems insufficient to account for the known activities of phosphoro-creatine and phosphoro-arginine. It is suggested that yet another mode of activation, chemical or biochemical, awaits discovery.     

Nachweis von Corticosteroiden in menschlicher Placenta und Isolierung von 16α-Hydroxytestosteron

Summary The occurrence of cortisol, cortisone, 20-dihydrometabolites of cortisone and several other steroidlike compounds in fresh placental tissue is described. Neither aldosterone, corticosterone nor 11-dehydrocorticosterone has been found. One of the most abundant compounds present has been identified as 16-hydroxy-testosterone.

---

---

184. Mitteilung über Steroide. 183. Mitteilung:E. H. Wehrli, M. Cereghetti, K. Schaffner, J. Urech undE. Vischer, Helv. chim. Acta44, im Druck (1961).     

Gewinnung von Leukocyten aus Rinderblut unter Verwendung von Wasser als Hämolytikum

Summary A method is described for separating the white elements of cow's blood. Addition of water causes a complete haemolysis. About 30 sec later, isotonic conditions are restored by admixing appropriate concentrations of physiological solutions. Differential centrifugation follows for separating the leucocytes.     

Über die Ausscheidung von 3β-Hydroxy-17-Ketosteroiden im Harn von Meerschweinchen

Summary 11-hydroxy-epiandrosterone was isolated and identified from urine of normal untreated female guinea pigs. After cold and hot acid hydrolysis of the urine, we found another 3-hydroxy-17-oxosteroid. Its character was investigated by several methods and we suppose this steroid is9(11)-epiandrosterone, an artificial product of 11-hydroxy-epiandrosterone.     

Thermische Denaturierung von Kaltblüter-Enzymproteinen

Summary The temperature, which leads to 50% reduction of catalytic activity by heat denaturation, has been determined for 8 different enzymes from cod muscle, as being in the range between 30 and 52°C. Therefore, there are no indications of a generally different heat resistance of enzymes from cold-blooded animals as compared with those from warm-blooded animals. The same conclusion is derived from calculations ofQ ₁₀-values, measured between +37 and – 37°C for cathepsin and glycylglycine dipeptidase.

---

---

Die Untersuchungen wurden dankenswerterweise durch eine Beihilfe des Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums Bonn unterstützt. HerrnDegener, i. Fa. Hanseatische Hochseefischerei A.G., Bremerhaven-F., verdanken wir das Untersuchungsmaterial.     

Elektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen von Pollenschläuchen

Summary Electron micrographs were made of the cellulose part of the cell walls of pollen tubes ofPetunia hybrida, grown in selfed self-sterile plants and on agar plates. In sterile plants the tubes showed denser membranes but the orientation of the cellulose strands is the same as in cells germinated on agar.     

Nachweis von organspezifischen Antikörpern

Summary Using a new nephelometric method, species-specific and organ-specific antibodies have been demonstrated. By means of the absorption technic organ-specific components of species-specific antibodies of high specificity have been determined in the serum of rabbits sensitized with various rat organs (heart, liver, kidney, tumor).

---

---

Die Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung durchgeführt.     

Dien-Synthesen im Aufbau von Östrogenen

Summary The addition of citraconic anhydride to 1-vinyl-6-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-naphthalene according toDiels-Alder's method yielded two isomeric hydro-phenanthrene-dicarboxylic acids. One of these two acids has been converted into 2-methyl-7-methoxy-1,2,3,4,9,10-hexahydro-1,2-dicarboxylic-acid.

---

---

Mitteilung « Über Steroide » (65. Mitt. siehe Helv. chim. Acta30, 1037 [1947]), sowie XX. Arbeit « Über östrogene Carbonsäuren » (XIX. siehe Exper.3, 279 [1947]).     

Hachweis von individualspezifischen Gewebsantikörpern

Summary Injection of homologous tissue or tissue extracts and homologous transplantation of skin in rabbits provoke the production of antibodies. By means of a new nephelometric method, acquired antibodies against homologous tissue circulating in the serum were found. This tissue-antibody seems to be an individual-specific one, reacting with all organs of the donor. The antibody is thermolabile and not dialysable.

---

---

Die Arbeit wurde mit Hilfe des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung durchgeführt.     

Die Dünnschichtchromatographie von Gibberellinen

Summary Thin-layer chromatography on silica gel is described as a new method for the separation and identification of the gibberellins A₁, A₃, A₄, A₅, A₇, A₈, and A₉.     

Wirkung von Δ4-Cholesten-3,6-dion auf die Auslösung und Entwicklung von Tumoren

Résumé Au cours d'expériences faites avec des substances dérivées du cholestérol, les auteurs ont étudié l'effet du ⁴-cholestène-3, 6-dione sur des souris blanches et noires. Dans divers organes, des tumeurs apparurent qui ne se montrèrent pas chez les animaux de contrôle. Au point de vue de leur structure histologique, de leur degré de malignité et de leur tendance métastasique, les tumeurs observées étaient extraordinaires.     

Dünnschicht-Chromatographie von Aminosäuren

Summary Amino acid separation with 6 different solvents on chromatoplates prepared from Kieselgel G (Merck) is described. As demonstrated in Figur 8 and discussed in the text, this technique is equal or superior to paper chromatography.     

Der respiratorische Quotient von Tabakblättern

Summary It is demonstrated that the abnormally high respiratory quotient of the green tobacco leaf as described by various authors is due to an insufficient supply of oxygen to the tissues. In pure oxygen the quotient is 1.0.     

Konstitutionsaufklärung und Synthese von Psilocybin

Summary The structure of Psilocybin, the psychotropic active principle of the Mexican mushroomPsilocybe mexicana Heim, has been elucidated. Psilocybin is the phosphoric acid ester of 4-hydroxy-dimethyltryptamine. This structure was confirmed by total synthesis.     

Gewebsreaktionen nach Implantation von Hyaluronsäure

Summary A report is given on the histological findings after the application of hyaluronic acid to the tibiae of adult guinea pigs. The possible importance of these findings for human medicine is briefly discussed and the results so far obtained in humans are given.

---

---

Vorläufige Mitteilung     

Stereospezifität der Wirkung von Emetin

Summary (-)-Emetine, as prepared by total synthesis, has the same antiamebic activity and toxicity as the natural alkaloid. On the contrary its antipode and rac. isoemetine are not active and practically non-toxic. A relationship between configuration and antiamebic activity has thus been demonstrated for various representatives of the emetine series.