怎样把QB程序快速转换为VB程序

本文介绍了把ＱＢ程序转换为ＶＢ程序的方法并且给出了一个实例。     

大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

利用野生型大肠杆菌MG1655为宿主菌,从下水道污水中分离得到一株噬菌体,编号为Phage 1.其噬菌斑大小为3～4mm,透射电镜观察发现该噬菌体有正多面体头部和弯曲尾部,属于长尾科噬菌体.对该噬菌体的生物学特性包括最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、温度、氯仿、pH进行检测,结果显示该噬菌体的潜伏期为10min,繁殖周期为20min,对温度、氯仿以及pH耐受性良好.经基因组测序鉴定,该噬菌体为E.coli T1噬菌体.     

从噬菌体抗体库中淘选人绒毛膜促性腺激素的单链抗体

由鼠源噬菌体抗体库淘选到展示有人绒毛膜促性腺激素单链抗体的噬菌体克隆。用ELISA方法进行检测,从结合力最强的克隆中分离单链抗体基因,插入经改造的高效表达载体pET-21a(+)中,转化大肠杆菌,诱导表达。从培养基中可检测到可溶性抗人绒毛膜促性腺激素的单链抗体。     

Direct role of the himA gene product in phage lambda integration

The integration of phage lambda into the Escherichia coli chromosome is accomplished by a site-specific recombination between two unique DNA sequences (attB on the bacterial genome and attP on the phage; reviewed in refs 2, 3) and requires proteins encoded by both the bacterium and the phage. Genetic and biochemical studies have shown that bacterial strains mutant in the himA gene, located at 38 min on the E. coli map, are defective in the activity of the host-encoded component. They are, moreover, defective for the growth of bacteriophage Mu, for precise excision of transposable antibiotic resistance determinants and for the synthesis of the lambda int gene product. We now show that the himA gene product (phimA) is not solely a regulator of genes involved in integration but is one of two host polypeptides required for integrative recombination.     

栖热菌噬菌体TSP4密码子偏嗜性及其对基因异源表达的影响

 为了探索噬菌体TSP4、栖热菌模式菌株Thermus thermophilus HB27中6种蛋白编码序列和Escherichia coli基因组遗传密码子使用偏嗜性,探索TSP4基因密码子偏嗜性对其基因异源表达的影响本研究利用生物学软件Editseq和RSCU算法统计噬菌体TSP4密码子使用频率并分析其偏嗜性,与栖热菌HB27的同源基因以及常温菌E.coli基因组的密码子使用偏嗜性进行对比分析.结果显示,噬菌体TSP4与栖热菌HB27优势密码子相似度高达85%,而与E.coli的相似性仅有65%.为了验证分析结果,选取TSP4基因组中一个潜在分子伴侣基因序列在E.coli BL21和E.coli Rosetta(补充了BL21菌株中缺失的6个稀有密码子)中进行异源表达.噬菌体TSP4与其宿主菌HB27之间密码子高相似性说明在长期的进化过程中TSP4在基因水平上形成对宿主的一种适应性机制.异源表达结果显示,分子伴侣基因在E.coli BL21中未见明显表达,但在Rosetta中高效表达,说明Rosetta中补充的 6个稀有密码子明显有助于分子伴侣基因的表达,该结果也进一步证明密码子偏嗜性是否一致在很大程度上影响基因的表达.     

苏云金杆菌菌株产几丁质酶的合成条件研究

对本实验室筛选的苏云金芽孢杆菌QB－51的产酶条件研究表明：在pH7.0的基本培养基中添加2.0%的细粉几丁质，1.0%的蛋白胨，220r/min30℃下培养72h，几丁质酶的产量最高。     

Structural Changes of Water Molecules Upon the Reduction of Quinones in The Reaction Center from Rhodobactery Sphaeroides

1 Results The photosynthetic bacterial reaction center (RC) is a membrane protein complex.The RC is composed of three protein subunits and redox components such as bacteriochlorophylls, bacteriopheophytins,and quinones.The RC performs the photochemical electron transfer from the bacteriochlorophyll dimer through a series of electron donor and acceptor molecules to a secondary quinone,QB.QB accepts electrons from a primary quinone,QA,in two sequential electron transfer reactions.The second electron trans...     

在有向图中寻找哈密顿回路的快速回溯法

本文提出了回路段的新概念。并在此基础上给出了寻找有向图中所有哈密顿回路 的快速回溯法ＱＢ．算法ＱＢ通过合并回路段来生成哈密顿回路，它的回溯树上各顶 点的期望分枝数ｃｑ等于各层当前图可用顶点的最小出度的平均值。对于常规的简单 回溯法ＳＢ，回溯树上各顶点的期望分枝数ｃｓ等于各层当前可用顶点的平均出度的 平均值。显然，ｃｑ总是小于ｃｓ．算法ＱＢ的期望时间为Ｏ（ｎ２（ｃｑ）ｎ），而算法ＳＢ期 望时间为Ｏ（ｎ（ｃｓ）ｎ），ｎ为图中顶点数。     

Overexpressions of Lambda Phage Lysis Genes and Biosynthetic Genes of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate in Recombinant E.coli

A plasmid (pTU9) containing the lambda (λ) phage lysis genes S(-)RRz and the biosynthetic genes phbCAB of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) was constructed and transformed into E.coli JM109. Cultured in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium with 20 g/L glucose, E.coli JM109 (pTU9) could accumulate PHB in cells up to 40% (g PHB per g dry cells). A chelating agent EDTA was applied to induce a complete cell lysis and PHB granules were released. This method has a potential application in PHB separation.     

Local migration promotes competitive restraint in a host-pathogen 'tragedy of the commons'

Fragmented populations possess an intriguing duplicity: even if subpopulations are reliably extinction-prone, asynchrony in local extinctions and recolonizations makes global persistence possible. Migration is a double-edged sword in such cases: too little migration prevents recolonization of extinct patches, whereas too much synchronizes subpopulations, raising the likelihood of global extinction. Both edges of this proverbial sword have been explored by manipulating the rate of migration within experimental populations. However, few experiments have examined how the evolutionary ecology of fragmented populations depends on the pattern of migration. Here, we show that the migration pattern affects both coexistence and evolution within a community of bacterial hosts (Escherichia coli) and viral pathogens (T4 coliphage) distributed across a large network of subpopulations. In particular, different patterns of migration select for distinct pathogen strategies, which we term 'rapacious' and 'prudent'. These strategies define a 'tragedy of the commons': rapacious phage displace prudent variants for shared host resources, but prudent phage are more productive when alone. We find that prudent phage dominate when migration is spatially restricted, while rapacious phage evolve under unrestricted migration. Thus, migration pattern alone can determine whether a de novo tragedy of the commons is resolved in favour of restraint.     

洱海下游肠道致病菌噬菌体分离与鉴定

目的:分离洱海下游水体中的肠道致病菌噬菌体,了解肠道致病菌污染情况。方法:通过噬菌斑法从洱海下游水体中分离和鉴定各种肠道致病菌噬菌体。结果:成功分离出了痢疾杆菌噬菌体、伤寒杆菌噬菌体、乙型副伤寒杆菌噬菌体、大肠杆菌噬菌体4种肠道致病菌噬菌体。结论:洱海下游水体存在痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌污染,提示需进一步加强大理周边生活污水排放的治理工作。     

An in vivo recombinant RNA capable of autocatalytic synthesis by Q beta replicase

A variety of small RNAs ranging from tens to hundreds of nucleotides in length grow autocatalytically in a Q beta replicase (Q beta phage RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) reaction in the absence of added template, and similar RNAs are found in Q beta phage-infected Escherichia coli cells. Three such RNAs have been sequenced. One of them that is 221 nucleotides (nt) long ('MDV-1' RNA) has been found to be partially homologous to Q beta phage RNA 8, which might be considered as an indication of its origination from by-products of the Q beta RNA replication. To gain further insight into the origin and function of these RNAs, we have sequenced a new RNA, 120 nt long, isolated from the products of spontaneous synthesis by the nominally RNA-free Q beta replicase preparation. The minus strand of this RNA appeared to be a recombinant RNA, composed of the internal fragment of Q beta RNA (approximately 80 nt long) and the 33-nt-long 3'-terminal fragment of E. coli tRNA(1Asp). This seems to be the first strong indication of RNA recombination in bacterial cells. The various implications of this finding are discussed.     

一株尿路致病性大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

本研究从尿路感染患者尿液样本中分离、鉴定大肠杆菌裂解性噬菌体,对其裂菌活性等生物学特性进行分析,为探索应用噬菌体治疗耐药性尿路致病性大肠杆菌导致的尿路感染奠定基础.利用双层琼脂平板法,从尿液样品中分离、纯化,得到一株能裂解大肠杆菌的噬菌体.通过电镜观察噬菌体形态,测定其裂菌谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线、以及热稳定性、...     

黄酮类药物抗氧化活性的理论研究

黄酮类药物具有广谱的药理活性和较低毒性,其中抗氧化活性非常重要.本文利用半经验分子轨道AM1方法对黄酮类药物进行了量化计算,通过计算得到羟基氧原子Mulliken电荷值,B环上6个C原子电荷之和QB等量化参数,结合疏水参数logP对黄酮类药物的抗氧化活性进行理论研究.结果表明:黄酮分子上羟基氧的MC(Mulliken Charge)值,QB的大小,羟基数目Nh及其在分子结构上的位置,C2-C3之间是否双键结构以及疏水参数logP对黄酮类药物的抗氧化活性都有重要影响.选取不同参数组合建立三个QSAR方程,经检验其稳定性和预测能力较好.     

Fractional stochastic description of hinge motions in single protein molecules

In this study, it is demonstrated that the motion of hinges in single protein molecules can be modeled as general fractional Langevin dynamics of harmonically bound particles driven by non-local Gaussian noise with a power-law correlation. This conclusion was justified by comparing the theoretical predictions of the proposed model to the existing molecular dynamics simulations performed on the M6I mutant of phage T4 lysozyme and E. coli ribonuclease H1.     

A novel peptide,selected from phage display library of random peptides,can efficiently target into human breast cancer cell

To develop a targeting vector for breast cancer biotherapy, MDA-MB-231 cell, a human breast cancer cell line, was co-cultured with pC89 （9 aa） phage display library of random peptides. In multiple inde-pendent peptide-presenting phage screening trials, subtilisin was used as a protease to inactivate extra-cellular phages. The internalized phages were collected by cell lysising and amplified in E. coli XLI-Blue. Through five rounds of selection, the pepUde-presenting phages which could be internalized in MDA-MB-231 cells were isolated. A comparison was made between internalization capacities of peptide-presenting phages isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells and RGD-integrin binding phage by coculturing them with other human tumor cell lines and normal cells. The nucleoUde sequences of isolated peptide-presenting phages were then determined by DNA sequencing. To uncover whether phage coat protein or amino acid order was required for the character of the pepUde to MDA-MB-231 cells, three peptides were synthesized. They are CASPSGALRSC, ASPSGALRS and CGVIFDHSVPC （the shifted sequence of CASPSGALRSC）, and after coculturing them with different cell lines, their targeting capacities to MDA-MB-231 cells were detected. These data suggested that the internalization process was highly selective, and capable of capturing a specific peptide from parent peptide variants. Moreover, the targeting internalization event of pepUdes was an amino acid sequence dependent manner. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using phage display library of random peptides to develop new targeting system for intracellular delivery of macromolecules, and the peptide we obtained might be modified as a targeting vector for breast cancer gene therapy.     

SEPTIC技术快速检测放线菌

为了评价SEPTIC(sensing of phage-triggered ion cascade)技术在放线菌快速检测中的应用价值.应用纳米阱微芯片检测噬菌体感染放线菌时导致细胞内离子释放发生的微范围内的电位变化.将放线菌和噬菌体等体积混合,孵育后取混合液滴于探针上,采集数据,每2 nm采集一个数据文件,共采集10 min,计算机分析采集结果.结果显示当放线菌与放线菌噬菌体ΦHAU3混合反应时,在10 min内显示了非常明确的l/f功率谱特征,而且功率谱强度明显高于阴性反应的功率谱,并出现了明确的电压超出士4σ范围的波形,持续约O.25 s的时间,可认为发生了1次放线菌被噬菌体感染的事件,并且探针明确地捕获了这一事件.表明SEPTIC技术能在较短时间内检测、鉴定出活菌的存在.