省级农业温室气体清单编制工作研究

农业温室气体清单是省级温室气体清单的一个重要组成部分.结合河南省温室气体清单编制实际,在已有文献的基础上,从排放源的确定,活动水平数据的获得、分析与处理,排放因子的选取,以及清单的计算处理表格的设计等方面对省级农业温室气体清单编制工作进行研究,为指导省级农业温室气体清单编制工作提供理论及方法学的基础.     

城市温室气体排放清单研究 ——以浙江省浦江县为例

在双碳工作中,温室气体清单编制是非常重要的一环.本文以浙江省金华市浦江县2010—2019年度温室气体清单为研究对象,明确了温室气体排放清单体系和数据来源,分析了温室气体排放总量、结构特征及变化趋势,同时提出低碳发展建议.浦江县2010—2019年温室气体总排放量呈先下降、后上升的趋势.温室气体排放清单报告包括二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮、含氟气体的排放源和吸收汇,主要分布在能源活动、工业生产过程、农业活动、废弃物处理及土地利用变化和林业五个领域.低碳发展建议主要为强化能源双控、大力推进绿色产业发展、重点行业提升整治、推进清洁生产、深入推进生态示范创建、尝试开展近零碳试点、推进林业降碳增汇工作等.     

火力发电机组温室气体排放管理体系的构建与实施

该文提出适用于国内火电厂温室气体排放监测的管理体系;该体系将国际温室气体监测方法与国内火电厂排放特点有机的结合,借国际规则促进了国内节能减排事业的发展。在已获得联合国认证的方法学的基础上,总结了符合国际规则的计算标准和体系及具有国际广泛应用性的温室气体排放核查方法,重点考虑了应用该方法学在联合国成功注册中国项目在核查温室气体排放量过程中出现的偏差,提出符合满足国务院《＂十二五＂控制温室气体排放工作方案》及《省级温室气体清单编制指南》中对温室气体排放监测要求的计算方法,构建了符合中国实际和符合国际规则的质量管理体系。     

福建省产业部门能源消费导致的CO2排放情况分析

基于福建省产业部门能源消费统计数据,利用推荐的基准方法,对1997～2009年福建省能源消费结构、产业部门CO2的排放量、排放分布、排放强度进行计算并分析.结果表明:(1)以煤为主的能源消费结构是福建省近年来能源消费量以及CO2排放量快速增长的主要原因之一.(2)在各产业部门中...     

城市温室气体清单编制与分析——以天津为例

为分析城市温室气体减排潜力提供基本方法和数据,以天津市为例,把温室气体排放源分为能源活动、工业生产、农业和废物等4个单元,提供了一套城市温室气体清单编制方法,并对城市主要碳源和碳强度进行分析．结果表明：如果天津市经济和温室气体排放维持近10年的平均增长速度,或可达到国务院提出的“十二五”减排目标;但由于诸多不确定性因素的存在,要实现减排目标还需挖掘减排潜力;天津能源消耗产生的温室气体占总排放量的72．2％,而按行业计算,工业产生的温室气体占总排量的77．9％．因此对主要工业碳源推行试点碳审计,制定行业碳排放标准,提高能源效率,降低能耗,是温室气体减排的关键因素．     

福建省能源消费的二氧化碳排放与结构分析

基于能源消费统计数据,利用《IPCC 2006国家温室气体清单指南》推荐的基准方法,对1997—2007年福建省能源消费结构、能源消费的二氧化碳(CO2)排放量、产业的CO2排放分布、CO2排放强度进行计算并分析.结果表明:1997—2007年福建省能源消费总量和CO2排放量均呈显著上升趋势;在各产业部门中,以工业为主的第二产业是能源消费和CO2排放的主体,在CO2排放总量中所占的比重近年来有加大的趋势,第一、第三产业和生活消费CO2排放所占比重都有所减小;1997—2007年福建省CO2排放强度和人均CO2排放量都有增长的趋势.     

中国HCFC-141b排放清单预测

基于IPCC《国家温室气体清单优良作法指南（2006）》建立中国HCFC-141b排放清单,分析计算中国HCFC-141b的排放构成和排放趋势。退役排放构成中国HCFC-141b排放的主要部分,占总排放量的48.7%;在蒙特利尔议定书控制淘汰（MPPS）情景和加速淘汰（APS）情景下,2010—2030年分别累计减排量...     

谁的估计更准确?评论Nature发表的中国CO2排放重估的论文

 从温室气体清单估计的方法、数据及不确定性等几个方面,对刘竹等2015 年8 月发表在Nature 上的论文“Reducedcarbon emission estimates from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in China”的主要结论及观点进行了分析,指出了该文在计算与比较中的错误,因而该文有关中国国家温室气体清单高估中国排放的结论并不成立。     

以EMME／2为平台估测温室气体的研究成果

京都协议已确认并应用战略战术措施来减少温室气的排放,因此,城市交通系统规划人员不得不寻求一种革新的方法来满足京都协议的要求。本文包括四部分：第一部分简要介绍了环境可持续的城市交通的概念,油耗,温室气体排放和京都协议的要求;第二部分描述了温室气体排放估测所需的方法,并指出了在实践中存在的缺陷,第三部分阐述了如何应用ＥＭＭＥ／２作为平台来估测室气体的排放;最后第四部分作了总结。     

温室气体减排与CO2资源化宏观研究与探讨

介绍了近一段时间全球温室气体减排的进展及面临的形势,并预测了未来二氧化碳的排放趋势.着重对CO2的资源化问题进行了分析和探讨,从CO2作为再生资源的角度讨论了CO2的回收、利用和处置技术;同时指出资源化问题存在的挑战和负面影响.证明CO2资源化对温室气体减排作用不明显,应大力提倡"无悔"行动.最后从热力学角度分析了CO2问题的本质.     

铁矿烧结工艺中温室气体CO2的排放规律

采用KM9106综合烟气分析仪对烧结工艺过程温室气体Cox排放规律进行研究. 研究结果表明: 在烧结过程中, 温室气体Cox排放变化情况能够很好地反映烧结过程固体燃料焦粉的燃烧状况, 证明烧结过程焦粉的燃烧是以生成CO2的完全燃烧反应为主, 但仍有部分生成CO的未完全燃烧反应存在;烧结烟气中CO2浓度降为零时所对应的点与烧结废气温度为最大值有很好的对应关系, 能很好地用于确定烧结终点;焦粉配比对烧结过程固体燃料燃烧的影响能明确地从温室气体Cox的排放情况表现出来, 而且, 通过判断燃料燃烧状况, 可以推测出烧结矿产质量的优劣, 用于指导烧结生产.     

Mitigation of greenhouse gases released from mining activities: A review

Climate changes that occur as a result of global warming caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases(GHGs)released into the atmosphere are an alarming issue.Controlling greenhouse gas emissions is critically important for the current and future status of mining activities.The mining industry is one of the significant contributors of greenhouse gases.In essence,anthropogenic greenhouse gases are emitted directly during the actual mining and indirectly released by the energy-intensive activities associated with mining equipment,ore transport,and the processing industry.Therefore,we reviewed both direct and indirect GHG emissions to analyze how mining contributes to climate change.In addition,we showed how climate change impacts mineral production.This assessment was performed using a GHG inventory model for the gases released from mines undergoing different product life cycles.We also elucidate the key issues and various research outcomes to demonstrate how the mining industry and policymakers can mitigate GHG emission from the mining sector.The review concludes with an overview of GHG release reduction and mitigation strategies.     

Mitigation of greenhouse gases released from mining activities: A review

Climate changes that occur as a result of global warming caused by increasing amounts of greenhouse gases(GHGs) released into the atmosphere are an alarming issue.Controlling greenhouse gas emissions is critically important for the current and future status of mining activities.The mining industry is one of the significant contributors of greenhouse gases.In essence, anthropogenic greenhouse gases are emitted directly during the actual mining and indirectly released by the energy-intensive activities associated with mining equipment, ore transport,and the processing industry.Therefore, we reviewed both direct and indirect GHG emissions to analyze how mining contributes to climate change.In addition, we showed how climate change impacts mineral production.This assessment was performed using a GHG inventory model for the gases released from mines undergoing different product life cycles.We also elucidate the key issues and various research outcomes to demonstrate how the mining industry and policymakers can mitigate GHG emission from the mining sector.The review concludes with an overview of GHG release reduction and mitigation strategies.     

垃圾填埋场的温室气体控制

垃圾填埋场是温室气体产生的一个重要来源,有资料表明美国的填埋场温室气体排放占了所有温室气体排放总量的40％－50％,笔者分析计算了填埋场的温室气体产量,气体产生的主要垃圾成分;提出了减少温室气体排的几个途径,并指出今后的研究方向。     

Methane emissions from terrestrial plants over China and their effects on methane concentrations in lower troposphere

Methane (CH₄) is the most important greenhouse gas and reactive trace gas in the atmosphere. Recently, it has been reported that terrestrial plants can emit CH₄ under aerobic conditions, which may call for reevaluation of the inventory of CH₄ emissions in China. In this paper, those emissions over China and their effects on CH₄ concentrations in lower troposphere were investigated. Firstly, based on the work of Keppler et al., the aerobic plant CH₄ emission model (PLANTCH4) for China was established. And by using the database of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from NOAA/AVHRR, the distribution of net primary productivity (NPP) over China was simulated, and thereby, for the first time, the amount and distribution of the newly identified source in China were estimated. Secondly, with the aid of the three-dimensional atmospheric chemistry model system (MM5-CALGRID), the effects of the emissions were studied. The results show that the annual aerobic plant CH4 emissions over China amount to 11.83 Tg, i.e. nearly 24% of Chinese total CH₄ emissions. And the major fraction (about 43%) comes from forests. When those emissions are considered in modeling, computed countrywide mean surface concentration of CH₄ is 29.9% higher than without them, with a maximum increase of 69.61 μg·m⁻³ in the south of Yunnan Province. In conclusion, to study CH₄ emissions from terrestrial plants over China may have important implications for correctly estimating the contribution of China to global CH₄ budget, and may call for a reconsideration of the role of CH₄ in global and regional environment and climate change. Supported by National High-Tech Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA06A307), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB403706 and 2006CB403703), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, and Nanjing University Talent Development Foundation     

正义视域下温室气体减排国际义务分配标准评析

如何分配温室气体减排国际义务是国际气候谈判争论的焦点,对温室气体排放和减排义务的分配标准不能达成一致是问题的关键所在。文章首先分析了目前国际社会认定温室气体排放权和分配减排义务的标准,然后对这些标准从正义的角度进行了客观的评价,最后就中国在国际气候谈判中可采取的立场和对策提出了建议。     

基于生命周期的能源上游清单分析模型改进

对已有清单模型进行改进,提出一种新的能源上游清单模型及算法,使环境负荷因子的清单结果可以追溯到最终端.能源上游清单分析的迭代计算中不但考虑了能源开采、生产阶段,还考虑了运输以及输配等阶段的能耗及环境排放,为能源下游分析乃至整个能源系统的生命周期分析搭建了牢固的基础平台.能源生命周期分析模型包含了生命过程部分和高阶循环部分2个层次.计算结果显示,二次能源如电力的上游阶段生命周期能耗LCEC和生命周期环境排放LCEE较一次能源大,因此调整能源结构,增加清洁、可再生能源在发电方式中所占的比例,对于减少我国大气污染和温室气体排放有重要意义.     

Non-CO2 greenhouse gases and climate change

Earth's climate is warming as a result of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO(2)) from fossil fuel combustion. Anthropogenic emissions of non-CO(2) greenhouse gases, such as methane, nitrous oxide and ozone-depleting substances (largely from sources other than fossil fuels), also contribute significantly to warming. Some non-CO(2) greenhouse gases have much shorter lifetimes than CO(2), so reducing their emissions offers an additional opportunity to lessen future climate change. Although it is clear that sustainably reducing the warming influence of greenhouse gases will be possible only with substantial cuts in emissions of CO(2), reducing non-CO(2) greenhouse gas emissions would be a relatively quick way of contributing to this goal.