二维双色型光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的局域化

利用含时变分法研究了二维双色型光晶格中玻色爱因斯坦凝聚中稳定局域态的性质.根据含时变分法利用高斯型试探波函数和Euler-Lagrange方程给出了高斯型局域态的波包宽度随时间变化的二阶微分方程,确定稳定了局域态的波包宽度.利用数值计算方法直接求解了Gross-Pitaevskii方程,给出了稳定局域态的空间分布.结果表明,在原子之间存在非线性排斥和吸引作用,或者非线性相互作用为零时,在二维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中均可以形成稳定的局域态.     

囚禁在光格中的波色-爱因斯坦凝聚体孤子

利用数值模拟解Gross-Pitaevskii方程来研究囚禁在光格中的波色-爱因斯坦凝聚体明孤子，发现周期性光格可被用作为可控的物质波分裂器，其分裂效果与孤子在光格中的初始位置、势阱中的原子数、以及光格电势的幅度、波矢有关。     

反抛物势与双光晶格势中的三维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子

提出了一种处理囚禁于反抛物势和双光晶格复合势中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子动力学的能量密度泛函和直接数值仿真相结合的方法.利用静态Gross-Pitaevskii方程和柱对称玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子试探波函数,给出了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚静态涡旋孤子能量密度泛函的解析式,再运用数值模拟含时Gross-Pi-taevskii方程的方法,得到了稳定演化的涡旋孤子;并且通过调控双光晶格势,实现了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚涡旋孤子从某一晶格势槽为初始位置到任意位置的操控,为玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的实验和应用研究提供了一定的理论依据.值得指出的是,双涡旋孤子的稳定演化与操控是最重要的发现.     

一维,二维和三维对称双色型光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的局域化

利用含时变分法研究了一维,二维和三维对称情形下双色型光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中局域化态的稳定性.首先采用高斯型试探波函数得出了三种维度下稳定性分析所需要的有效势能表达式.其次根据有效势能是否具有局域最小值来判断体系是否具有稳定状态,结果表明,双色型光晶格强度,两体,三体和高阶相互作用在稳定性中所起的作用是不同的,两体和高阶相互作用对体系的稳定性有决定性作用,而三体和晶格强度只对稳定性起调节作用,在有些情况下这种调节作用是必须的.最后给出了参数相空间中的稳定区域.     

玻色—爱因斯坦凝聚在一维周期量子阱中的有效质量研究

当玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体处于一维周期量子阱中的时候,我们可以得到定态GP方程的一组精确解,利用这组精确解我们对玻色爱因斯坦凝聚体在一维周期量子阱中的有效质量进行了研究,经过研究发现原子间的非线性相互作用使得有效质量增大。     

三模激光驱动光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的精确Floquet态

利用平均场理论研究了一维的三模激光驱动光晶格中三组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(Bose-Einstein condensates,BECs)的精确非定态解.从描述一维的三组分BECs系统的耦合Gross-Pitaevskii(GP)方程出发,利用原子间的平均场相互作用与外势之间的平衡条件,引入三个等效的相互作用系数,得到了一组等价的非耦合GP方程.结果表明,对于合适的参数区域,体系存在一种随时间和空间都呈周期性变化的Floquet态.分析和讨论了各组分BECs的粒子数密度、相位、粒子流速度以及粒子流密度的时间演化特性.     

有限温度和密度QCD中有效夸克质量的研究

利用有限温度量子色动学的实时形式,研究了有限温度和密度条件下的有效夸克质量,结果表明,有效夸克质量随温度的增加而迅速增加,而在夸克质量中的密度效应只是在低温区域才是重要的,且在给定的密度夸克质量在低温区有极小值。     

一维光晶格中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的粒子数分布

对捕陷在三维轴对称谐振势阱叠加一维光晶格的组合势中的玻色凝聚气体,基于平均场Gross-Pitae-vskii方程理论,并运用G-P能量泛函和变分方法,得出了非线性薛定谔方程的一维形式,运用数值计算的方法,研究了组合势中子凝聚体的粒子数分布与光晶格深度之间的关系,同时分析了磁势阱对子凝聚体粒子数分布的影响。     

Non-Hermitian skin effect in a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate

We study a Bose-Einstein condensate of ultracold atoms subject to a non-Hermitian spin-orbit coupling, where the system acquires the non-Hermitian skin effect under the interplay of spin-orbit coupling and laser-induced atom loss. The presence of the non-Hermitian skin effect is confirmed through its key signatures in terms of the spectral winding under the periodic boundary condition, the accumulation of eigen wavefunctions at boundaries under an open boundary condition, and bulk dynamics signaled by a directional flow. We show that bulk dynamics, in particular, serves as a convenient signal for experimental detection. The impact of interaction and trapping potentials is also discussed based on the non-Hermitian Gross-Pitaevskii equations. Our work demonstrates that the non-Hermitian skin effect and its rich implications in topology, dynamics, and beyond are well within the reach of current cold-atom experiments.     

非轻质多弹簧并联系统的劲度系数和有效质量

通过引入弹簧的形状函数,导出了非均匀拉伸条件下非轻质多弹簧并联系统的能量、劲度系数和有效质量表达式,以此为基础讨论了均匀拉伸时非轻质多弹簧并联系统的能量、劲度系数和有效质量,所得结果与相关文献一致.     

Strong atom-field coupling for Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical cavity on a chip

An optical cavity enhances the interaction between atoms and light, and the rate of coherent atom-photon coupling can be made larger than all decoherence rates of the system. For single atoms, this 'strong coupling regime' of cavity quantum electrodynamics has been the subject of many experimental advances. Efforts have been made to control the coupling rate by trapping the atom and cooling it towards the motional ground state; the latter has been achieved in one dimension so far. For systems of many atoms, the three-dimensional ground state of motion is routinely achieved in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Although experiments combining BECs and optical cavities have been reported recently, coupling BECs to cavities that are in the strong-coupling regime for single atoms has remained an elusive goal. Here we report such an experiment, made possible by combining a fibre-based cavity with atom-chip technology. This enables single-atom cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments with a simplified set-up and realizes the situation of many atoms in a cavity, each of which is identically and strongly coupled to the cavity mode. Moreover, the BEC can be positioned deterministically anywhere within the cavity and localized entirely within a single antinode of the standing-wave cavity field; we demonstrate that this gives rise to a controlled, tunable coupling rate. We study the heating rate caused by a cavity transmission measurement as a function of the coupling rate and find no measurable heating for strongly coupled BECs. The spectrum of the coupled atoms-cavity system, which we map out over a wide range of atom numbers and cavity-atom detunings, shows vacuum Rabi splittings exceeding 20 gigahertz, as well as an unpredicted additional splitting, which we attribute to the atomic hyperfine structure. We anticipate that the system will be suitable as a light-matter quantum interface for quantum information.     

有限温度下极性晶体中表面磁极化的有效质量

在磁场中有不少的极性晶体，电子和体纵光学声子的耦合弱，而与表面光学声子的耦合强。本文讨论电子和体纵光学声子耦合弱，与表面光学声子耦合强时温度对表面磁极化子的特性的影响，用改进的线性组合算符法研究表面磁极化子的振动频率和有效质量的温度依赖性。对AgCl晶体进行了数值计算，结果表明，极化子的振动频率和有效质量随温度的升高而减小。     

网架和网壳中曲面多边形的一种识别算法

设计了一种在给定了由点表和线表描述的面时如何识别出各个面多边形的算法,从而可以在已知由杆单元构成的空间结构时准确地施加风、雪等面荷载,并用实例证明了该算法的正确性．     

双线性R宇称破坏超对称中的有效拉氏量及中微子的质量产生

中微子在标准模型中是没有质量的,而在R宇称不守恒的最小超对称标准模型中却可以产生中微子质量。本文采用有效拉氏量方法,给出了希格斯场和费米场双重态,并根据在高能标的最初的双重态和它们的真空期待值定义了标准模型中的希格斯双重态。     

非对称囚禁二维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚孤子的演化

利用变分法解G ross-P itaevsk ii方程,研究了囚禁在各向异性势阱中的二维饼状玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)孤子的演化规律,发现通过在圆柱形对称的磁阱中的某一方向引入光格电势,不仅使BEC孤子在该方向趋向稳定,而且通过相互耦合作用也能影响其它方向从而使孤子的膨胀变慢,使BEC孤子的稳定性增加。其效果与势阱中的原子数、势阱系数和光格参数有关。     

极性晶体中三维和二维声学极化子自陷的有效质量特征

运用Huybrechts方法研究了三维和二维声学极化子有效质量作为电子-声子耦合参量的函数的变化特征.对二维声学极化子的研究,采用了我们最近导出的电子-声学声子相互作用哈密顿量.结果表明:电子-声子耦合达到一定强度时声学极化子有效质量发生突变而使极化子自陷,声学极化子在二维系统中比三维条件下更容易自陷.     

Motion analysis for human interaction detection using optical flow on lattice superpixels

We develop a new video-based motion analysis algorithm to determine whether two persons have any interaction in their meeting. The interaction between two persons can be very general, such as shaking hands, exchanging objects, and so on. To make the motion analysis robust to image noise, we segment each video frame into a set of superpixels and then derive a motion feature and a motion pattern for each superpixel by averaging the optical flow within the superpixel. Specifically, we use the lattice cut to construct the superpixels, which are spatially and temporally consistent across frames. Based on the motion feature and the motion pattern of the superpixels, we develop an algorithm to divide an input video sequence into three consecutive periods: 1) two persons walking toward each other, 2) two persons meeting each other, and 3) two persons walking away from each other. The experiment show that the proposed algorithm can accurately distinguish the videos with and without human interactions.     

晶格振动对磁记录膜有效各向异性及疲劳寿命的影响

对晶格自旋相互作用的交换积分进行了晶格振动的修正;依此修正,再结合l(l 1)/2定律,导出了振动对 磁晶有效各向异性参数的影响关系;给出了振动对磁记录膜疲劳寿命的影响规律;分析了振动对磁晶有效各向异 性和疲劳寿命的影响机理.结果显示:①振动的存在将使薄膜的有效各向异性参数增加,进而导致薄膜的有效异 性能的增加,引起该方向的磁化不稳定;②振动的存在将减小薄膜磁晶微粒的平均疲劳寿命;③要提高薄膜磁化 的稳定性,又要提高薄膜磁晶微粒的平均疲劳寿命,一条可行的途径就是尽量减小构成薄膜的磁晶微粒直径.     

量子线中电子有效质量失配对电子-声子散射率的影响

以 Ga As/ Ga Al As量子线为例 ,计算电子的最低子能带内电子 -声学波声子散射率 .结果表明 ,电子有效质量失配对电子 -声学波声子散射率的影响不可忽视 .     

Evidence for superfluidity of ultracold fermions in an optical lattice

The study of superfluid fermion pairs in a periodic potential has important ramifications for understanding superconductivity in crystalline materials. By using cold atomic gases, various models of condensed matter can be studied in a highly controllable environment. Weakly repulsive fermions in an optical lattice could undergo d-wave pairing at low temperatures, a possible mechanism for high temperature superconductivity in the copper oxides. The lattice potential could also strongly increase the critical temperature for s-wave superfluidity. Recent experimental advances in bulk atomic gases include the observation of fermion-pair condensates and high-temperature superfluidity. Experiments with fermions and bosonic bound pairs in optical lattices have been reported but have not yet addressed superfluid behaviour. Here we report the observation of distinct interference peaks when a condensate of fermionic atom pairs is released from an optical lattice, implying long-range order (a property of a superfluid). Conceptually, this means that s-wave pairing and coherence of fermion pairs have now been established in a lattice potential, in which the transport of atoms occurs by quantum mechanical tunnelling and not by simple propagation. These observations were made for interactions on both sides of a Feshbach resonance. For larger lattice depths, the coherence was lost in a reversible manner, possibly as a result of a transition from superfluid to insulator. Such strongly interacting fermions in an optical lattice can be used to study a new class of hamiltonians with interband and atom-molecule couplings.