关于河工动床模型研究的反思

河工动床模型至今仍主要进行定性相似模拟研究,靠加大尺度的模型试验并不能明显改进试验成果,决非最佳选择。尽管微尺度模型远未完美,作为河工动床模型的创新值得关注。     

水利枢纽附近动床模型相似律和模拟技术

本文对以底沙运动为主的水利枢纽下游附近动床模型相似律问题作了普遍性的分析,论证了模型设计和模型沙选择应满足的8个相似条件;并以万安水利枢纽整体动床模型为例说明了按相似条件进行模型设计和模型沙选择的详细步骤;介绍了电木屑作为模型沙材料的优越性及其开动流速试验成果;通过万安枢纽动床模型实际放水验证,表明了应用本文提供的模型设计方法能同时实现水流的重力相似、阻力相似和底沙运动相似。此外,本文还介绍了自制的模型放水流量和相应下游水位的自动控制装置,该装置保证了枢纽按非恒定流泄洪时模型流量和相应下游水位的变化过程与原型完全相似。     

悬移相似条件对河床变形相似的影响研究

通过渭河咸阳城区段模型试验论证，分别研究了目前常用的两种悬移相似条件对河床冲淤变形的影响，试验结果表明：应以同时考虑紊动扩散及水流纵向流动对悬移质运动影响的沉速比尺，作为泥沙动床模型悬移相似条件，即只有依此确定模型悬移质泥沙粗度时，才能使河床冲淤变形与原型相似。     

汉江红山头至雅口河段航道整治模型试验研究

汉江红山头至雅口河段,河床宽浅,滩槽多变,具有游荡性河道持征,目前国内外整治这种航道尚无经验.为此,笔音进行了模型试验研究.从模型中得出的整治线型态、尺度和丁坝布置,可以保证航道达到设计标准.在模型试验技术上:采用了分三段模型试验;取得了大面积散乱洲滩动床模型验证的相似;首次采用CCA防腐处理木屑模型沙的新方法,研制了模型自动集中控制和数据采集处理系统等.     

钢桁架模型实验研究的分析与设计

从桥梁结构多尺度损伤有限元模拟的研究需要出发，结合桥梁工程项目背景，利用相似模型实验的理论、方法，对桥梁结构中包含焊连接细节的钢桁架结构相似模型试样的设计、制作安装和实验方案等方面进行了研究；并在对拟实验的钢桁架模型试样进行初步有限元分析的基础上，确定了实验研究的栽荷工况和测试方案。     

半河局部河工模型纵向边界问题初探

就半河局部河工模型的关键问题－半河纵同边界应具备的条件,选定方法,以及半河纵向边界存在的问题发表了看法,指出：半河局部河工模型可以作为一种研究方法,单独或与数学模型研究相配合,可以解决工程建筑尺度相对较小的而附近水域较宽广条件下的工程实际问题。     

压力平衡拱应力状态相似物理模拟研究

相似材料模拟是通过建立相似物理模型，观测研究难以用数学描述的系统特性，研究原型系统与模拟系统间相似特性的。模型与原型的区别，仅在系统要素的序结构和特征值有一定的比例大小，而支配系统特性的本质不变。从系统仿真角度上说，建立相似的物理模型，可称为相似物理仿真模拟。通过相似材料模拟，对压力平衡拱处岩层的水平应力和竖直应力的观测。     

对流边界层水平温度场特征的水槽模拟研究

利用对流水槽模拟分析了均匀下垫面自由对流边界层的水平温度场结构特征.根据几何相似、运动相似和动力相似等要求设置初始条件和边界条件实施模拟.对流水槽的尺度为1.5 m×1.5 m×0.6 m,先加入具有一定温度层结的去离子水,然后底部加热形成对流,模拟对流边界层的发生和发展.利用快速响应的温度传感器测量温度廓线和不同高度上的温度起伏;利用准直光闪烁原理获得光学湍流场.根据温度廓线和光学湍流场的结果得到对流边界层厚度和稳定度等参数.根据不同高度的水平脉动温度,利用AR谱方法分析水平温度谱峰值频率所对应的尺度,该尺度对应于对流边界层的准二维对流热泡的水平尺度.统计分析结果表明,自由对流边界层大涡的水平尺度在边界层的下部随高度的增加而增加,约在0.65倍边界层厚度处达到最大,然后随高度的增加又逐渐减小.物理模拟与数值模拟和野外观测结果符合一致.根据对流热泡的这种特征,提出了一个自由对流边界层的热泡模型.     

大颗粒流化床内压力波动现象的仿真研究

应用离散颗粒模型大颗粒气固两相流化床系统进行了仿真研究，在完全流态化条件下对压力波动现象进行数值模拟。结果表明，压力波动的范围和频率与流化床内两相运动状态密切相关，随着床内颗粒相湍动的加剧,压力波动不断加剧，床内压降随表观气流速度的增加略有减少。对大颗粒流化床压力波动的模拟为进一步研究流化床稳定操作提供了有力的依据。     

含沙溃堤洪水数值模拟分析

为了研究复杂地形下含沙溃堤洪水的泥沙输移和床面冲淤,分析泥沙冲淤对溃堤出流的影响,评估水沙共同作用下的洪水风险,建立了非结构化三角网格的二维水沙数学模型.单元界面的水动力通量采用基于近似黎曼解的Roe格式计算,泥沙通量采用TVD-MUSCL格式求解.用小尺度的水槽动床试验数据对数值模型进行验证.将模型应用于黄河宁蒙段河道洪泛区某溃口含沙溃堤洪水的数值模拟.模拟结果表明,溃口冲刷坑外围易形成环形泥沙淤积体,同时洪泛区出现明显泥沙淤积.因此,含沙溃堤洪水带来的泥沙淤积问题不容忽视.通过比较清水定床、清水动床、含沙定床和含沙动床4种数值模型的计算结果,发现床面冲淤变化对溃堤洪水进洪流量有明显影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that