A new learning statistic for adaptive filter based on predicted residuals

A key problem for an adaptive filter is to establish a suitable adaptive factor for balancing the contributions of the measurements and the predicted state information from some kinematic models. The reasonable adaptive factor needs a reliable learning statistics to judge the state kinematic model errors. After analyzing the existing two kinds of learning statistics based on the state discrepancy and variance component ratio, a new learning statistic based on predicted residuals is set up, which is different from the exiting learning statistics. The new learning statistic does not need to estimate the kinemetic state parameters before the filtering process, Of course, it does not need necessary measurements to estimate state parameters for all observation epochs. The new learning statistic can be applied together with the learning factor constructed by the state discrepancy. The advantages and shortcomings of the new learning factor are analyzed, and an example is given.     

Assessment： Reconsider its Role in Teaching and Learning

Teaching emphasizes what teachers do; learning emphasizes what pupils understand. Assessment emphasizes what pupils can show they know. The purposes for assessment are : diagnosis, evaluation, guidance, grading : selection and prediction. Assessment has two main functions: summative assessment and formative assessment. Formative assessment is used in the development or improvement of educational process. It‘ s the assessment for learning. Summative assessment is used in decision- making at the end of a educational process. It‘s the assessment of learning. Formative assessment enables teachers to gain detailed information on the difficulty for each student. Educational assessment should be best suited for its purpose for guiding the learning and teaching. Formative assessment should be high lightened and needs to be fixed in the teaching and learning process.     

Age in Relation to Second Language Learning

In the research field of the second language learning, age has been the focus for the linguists. This paper first reviews the researchon age by linguists, then analyzes age differences in different learning situations, and discusses the preferable age in second language learning inChina.     

SIGNGD with Error Feedback Meets Lazily Aggregated Technique:Communication-Efficient Algorithms for Distributed Learning

The proliferation of massive datasets has led to significant interests in distributed algorithms for solving large-scale machine learning problems. However, the communication overhead is a major bottleneck that hampers the scalability of distributed machine learning systems. In this paper, we design two communication-efficient algorithms for distributed learning tasks. The first one is named EF-SIGNGD, in which we use the 1-bit(sign-based) gradient quantization method to save the communication b...     

An Investigation Into College English Vocabulary Learning Strategies

This article focuses on the investigation into college English vocabulary learning strategies.The non-English major students should be instructed and encouraged by the teachers to apply various kinds of VLS that can facilitate their learning achievement because the versatile strategy use is not only a way to meet the increasing demand for vocabulary learning,but also a key to success in the learning of the English language.     

Involvement of the crebellum in sequential finger movement learning： Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging

Whether the cerebellum is involved in voluntary motor learning or motor performance is the subject of a new debate. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）, we examined cerebellar activation in eight voluntecrs before and after an extended period of training. Activation volume on both sides of cerebellum after learning was significantly reduced compared to that before learning even under the same motor frequency. Remarkably, while motor frequency for the training sequence was significantly higher than the control sequence after 41 d of learning, activation in the cerebellum for both sequences, with respect to activation loci and volumes, was very similar. These results suggest that the cerebellum was involved in motor learning but not motor performance. Changes of cerebellar activation from training thus appear to be associated with learning but not with improvement on task performance.     

The Inspiration and Cultivation of Motivation in English Language Learning for English Major Students

Motivation plays a very important role in second language learning and acquisition. And it is also one of the affective variables of language learning. Therefore, foreign language teacher should pay more attention to the students' motivation in the process of language teaching for creating efficiency of teaching and learning.     

学习成果分析:一个教学计划设计的分析

This paper describes an analysis of the match between the module learning outcomes and the programme learning outcomes of the MSc in Assistive Technology offered by the School of Computing. The contribution of each MSc module to the overall programme learning outcomes was assessed using a Module Matrix. An overall Master Matrix was used to assess the overall contribution of all 16 modules to the programme learning outcomes of the MSc programme. The analysis of the MSc programme design was taken a stage further by graphing the learning outcomes of the overall programme against the individual module learning outcomes. This provided a useful tool for analysis of the MSc programme. The approach outlined in this paper provides a visualisation tool that allows the programme designer to quickly identify the deficiencies and excesses in the relationships between programme learning outcomes and module learning outcomes.     

A case study of WebGIS technology for distance learning between Korea and Japan

Recently，some case study of distance learning by internet line are widely carried out. Until now，the cultural or friendship exchange was a main purpose using distance learning program. In our research group， a distance learning which connected 3 sites (Nagasaki and Omura and Kagoshima in Japan) was tried as a domestic example [1]. In this case，internet exclusive line and portable telephone were utilized for DVTS technical support of distance learning. Nowadays，the international distance learning for education is also beginning. Our research group also tried international distance learning between Kwangju city of Korea and Nagasaki city of Japan using DVTS techniques with the tools of WebGIS education materials.     

Using Agents in Web-Based Constructivist Collaborative Learning System

Web-based learning systems are one of the most interesting topics in the area of the application of computers to education. Collaborative learning, as an important principle in constructivist learning theory, is an important instruction mode for open and distance learning systems. Through collaborative learning, students can greatly improve their creativity, exploration capability, and social cooperation. This paper used an agent-based coordination mechanism to respond to the requirements of an efficient and motivating learning process. This coordination mechanism is based on a Web-based constructivist collaborative learning system, in which students can learn in groups and interact with each other by several kinds of communication modes to achieve their learning objectives efficiently and actively. In this learning system, artificial agents represent an active part in the collaborative learning process; they can partially replace human instructors during the multi-mode interaction of the students.     

英语学习策略培训探讨

合适的学习策略能够促进外语教研室更加有效的学习效果,提高学习效果和质量,使每一个学习者都能成为真正独立自主的终身的学习者。本文上就学习策略培训的目标、如何选择学习策略和怎样进行策略培训以及在培训中可能出现的问题,结合中国的实际情况进行了概括,希望对今后的英语教学有一定的帮助。     

学困生语言学习策略培训探讨

加强大学英语分级教学中学困生语言学习策略培训,提高学困生大学英语自主学习能力是大学英语教学改革关注的热点,也是实施素质教育的一个重要内容,更是全面提高大学英语教学质量的根本途径。本文结合语言学习策略培训的理论基础,重点阐述了学困生语言学习策略培训的必要性,提出了加强学困生语言学习策略培训的有效方法。     

论外语教学中的语言学习策略

本文旨在强调外语教学中语言学习的策略,总结归纳了语言学习策略研究的背景,确定了语言学习策略的概念定义,简单介绍了几位语言研究者关于语言学习策略的分类法,并且指出了教师在学习策略训练中的作用,最后提出了关于语言学习策略进一步研究的问题。     

自主学习与外语教学

促进学习者自主性是近20年来外语教学界的热门话题.了解与自主学习相关的语言学习观以及实现自主学习所需要的条件,有利于教师更好地发挥引导者、组织者、解难者的作用,也有利于教师积极地介入学生自主能力的培养过程,使学生成为真正的自主学习者,提高学习效率,获得最佳学习效果.简要介绍了自主学习定义及其必要性,论述了如何在我国目前的教育环境下培养学生的自主外语学习能力.     

语言的内隐学习研究及其对语言学习的启示

介绍了在母语语言学习及第二语言学习中内隐学习的实验研究的方法及其研究结果。在对研究结果进行分析评述后,提出了在语言学习中有效利用内隐学习的具体对策。     

学习策略与学习过程

讨论了学习者的学习技巧和策略。对学习策略基本概念、策略与技巧的区别、学习策略理论、学习策略训练和学习者学习过程的意义进行了探讨。通过对学习者学习过程的研究,使教育者能够意识到学习策略的重要性,进而在教学过程中最大程度上帮助学习者,达到事半功倍的效果。     

可持续发展的外语学习能力探析

综合哲学、教育学、心理学和二语习得等不同角度对学习能力的理解,对可持续发展的外语学习能力内涵进行阐释。外语学习能力系统既包括智力因素,也包括非智力因素。外语学习能力应由基本学习能力、拓展学习能力和调节学习能力三大要素构成,三大要素中又包含一系列子要素,其中语言学习的迁移能力、自主学习能力和持久动机是外语学习能力可持续发展的重要指标。     

学习动机理论研究对外语教学的启示

动机对外语学习成败有重大影响.基于Gardner和Lambert、Deci和Ryan以及Dornyei分别提出的动机理论,从语言、学习者和学习情景三个层面,综合研究在外语教学中如何激发学生的学习动机,有助于提高外语教学水平.     

成年学习者学习二语的困难及对策

第二语言学习能力的高低除了受学生自身内在的认知能力因素的影响之外,外在的环境因素也起着重要的作用。激发学生学习自主性是提高二语的学习者学习能力的主要解决办法。     

基于多媒体环境下英语学习策略的探讨

语言学习策略一直是英语教育领域研究的重点。基于多媒体环境下英语学习策略的研究给传统的英语教学提出了新的课题。研究者阐述了语言学习策略的内涵和分类,分析了多媒体英语学习的特征。并以发挥多媒体英语优势为导向,以学习策略为基点,结合英语学习和多媒体环境的特点探讨了构建、培训、诊断和信息交互的学习策略。