浅谈孔板流量计测量误差分析及改进措施

本文从计量仪表误差、使用条件变化误差、气质条件误差、计算系数误差和其他因素引起的误差五个方面分析了引起计量误差的主要因素;同时提出了严格按照标准加工孔板,正确安装,合理选择差压量程、消除脉动流,减小脉动影响,合理解决超量、加强日常管理,对参数进行合理修正、量值溯源是确保天然气计量准确度的有效措施、采用可换孔板节流装置和定制节流装置,扩展量程范围、推进计量方式的自动化智能化发展和采用专用流量计算机的积算方案等八方面的改进措施,努力实现孔板流量计的最精确测量。     

可逆式孔板流量计和可变式孔板流量计

分析了可逆式孔板流量计和可变式孔板流量计的设计原理和实验结果。前者与流体流动方向无关,后者低速流的测量精度高。高速流的压头损失较小,是具有一定实用价值的新型孔板流量计。     

孔板差压式流量计测量蒸汽误差分析

本文对孔板差压式流量计误差来源进行分析,为孔板差压式流量计设计、使用提供借鉴。     

孔板流量计误差分析与改进措施

孔板流量计广泛应用于石油石化行业,是获取海上油田油井、气井天然气产量的重要计量工具。但在长时间生产运行过程中,孔板流量计的计量数据会产生一定的误差。产生这些误差的原因很多,通过对孔板测量原理的研究,结合现场实际运行情况,分析可能影响孔板流量计计量精度的因素,并在此基础上提出相应的工艺流程改进措施,以提高天然气产量计量的准确度,为油气井精细管理提供可靠、精准的数据支持。     

楔形孔板流量计内多气泡的运动行为研究

针对楔形孔板流量计多个气泡的运动,建立了对孔板流量计内气液两相流动的数学模型.采用贴体坐标系下同位网格的SIMPLE算法解决速度与压力的耦合问题.利用贴体坐标下Level Set方法追踪两相界面的运动.通过模拟结果中节流截面含气律变化的分析,得出混相密度变化才是影响楔形孔板流量计测量精度的主要因素.因此,校正多相流的混相密度值是提高孔板流量计的测量精度,减小测量误差的最佳方法.     

楔形孔板流量计内多气泡的运动行为

针对楔形孔板流量计多个气泡的运动,建立了对孔板流量计内气液两相流动的数学模型.采用贴体坐标系下同位网格的SIMPLE算法解决速度与压力的耦合问题.利用贴体坐标下Level Set方法追踪两相界面的运动.通过模拟结果中节流截面含气律变化的分析,得出混相密度变化才是影响楔形孔板流量计测量精度的主要因素.因此,校正多相流的混相密度值是提高孔板流量计的测量精度,减小测量误差的最佳方法.     

孔板流量计的合理选用

孔板流量计广泛用于测量液体或气体的流量，本文对选用孔板流量计的一些复杂的计算过程作了一些合理的简化，同时提供了程序算法。     

孔板在两相流中的相分离效应与两相流湿度测量

两相流流过孔板产生相分离。文中用假设的理想化相分离模型和孔板两相流分相模型，论证了孔板的相分离效应产生两相流测量中的孔板差压脉动噪音，孔板差压方根的脉动幅度正比于液相流量。根据这一论证推导了孔板差压噪音法测量两相流质量含液量（湿度）的理论公式。在相比份（干度或湿度）已知的条件下，使用孔板测量两相流的流量已进行了广泛的研究。文中论述的用孔板差压噪音测量湿度的方法与孔板测量两相流量的方法相结合就有可能用单一孔板实现两相流的测量。     

在城镇燃气计量中内锥流量计与几种常用流量计的性能比对

<正>1概况及内锥流量计简介1.1概况比对测试项目为:(1)准确性(2)流量比(始动流量)(3)压力损失(4)阻流件影响等四项。分析比对项目为:城镇燃气计量中流量计的选用。测试流量以孔板为参照标准。事先对孔板环室节流装置进行了实流标定,不准确度为0.5%。其二次仪表,压力、差压的采集采用日本EJA系列变送器,温度的采集采用A级PT100铂电阻。数据采集采用了配置天然气孔板流量测量最新标准版本软件的工控机系统。参加比对试验的流量计为国内厂家生产的天然气计量常用的涡轮流量计、旋进旋涡流量计、罗茨流量计。1.2内锥流量计简介     

扰流对大口径内锥流量计性能影响的仿真研究

利用数值仿真方法,对800 mm口径、β值为0.726 8的大口径内锥流量计进行了CFD数值模拟研究。分别在内锥流量计的上、下游直管段处安装半月型孔板,通过扰流件对速度场的影响,分析内锥流量计的性能。研究结果表明:大口径内锥流量计流出系数几乎与雷诺数无关;如果在内锥流量计的上游5D、下游1D或更远直管段处安装扰流件,基本上不影响流出系数;若同时在上游和下游安装扰流件,此时下游的扰流件对速度场起到整流器的作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with