Corrosion behavior of ultrafine-grained AA2024 aluminum alloy produced by cryorolling

The objectives of this study were to produce ultrafine-grained (UFG) AA2024 aluminum alloy by cryorolling followed by aging and to evaluate its corrosion behavior. Solutionized samples were cryorolled to ~85% reduction in thickness. Subsequent aging resulted in a UFG structure with finer precipitates of Al₂CuMg in the cryorolled alloy. The (1) solutionized and (2) solutionized and cryorolled samples were uniformly aged at 160℃/24 h and were designated as CGPA and CRPA, respectively; these samples were subsequently subjected to corrosion studies. Potentiodynamic polarization studies in 3.5wt% NaCl solution indicated an increase in corrosion potential and a decrease in corrosion current density for CRPA compared to CGPA. In the case of CRPA, electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies indicated the presence of two complex passive oxide layers with a higher charge transfer resistance and lower mass loss during intergranular corrosion tests. The improved corrosion resistance of CRPA was mainly attributed to its UFG structure, uniform distribution of fine precipitates, and absence of coarse grain-boundary precipitation and associated precipitate-free zones as compared with the CGPA alloy.     

Characterization of MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocomposite powder produced by high-energy mechanical milling as feedstock for high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying deposition

Al2O3 nanoparticles and MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocomposite powder (M = Ni, Co, or NiCo) were produced using high-energy ball milling. The MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 coating was deposited by selecting an optimum nanocomposite powder as feedstock for high-velocity oxy-gen fuel thermal spraying. The morphological and microstructural examinations of the Al2O3 nanoparticles and the commercial MCrAlY and MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron dispersed spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The structural investigations and Williamson–Hall res-ults demonstrated that the ball-milled Al2O3 powder after 48 h has the smallest crystallite size and the highest amount of lattice strain among the as-received and ball-milled Al2O3 owing to its optimal nanocrystalline structure. In the case of developing MCrAlY/nano-Al2O3 nanocompos-ite powder, the particle size of the nanocomposite powders decreased with increasing mechanical-milling duration of the powder mixture.     

Characterization of MCrAlY/nano-Al_2O_3 nanocomposite powder produced by high-energy mechanical milling as feedstock for high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying deposition

Al_2O_3 nanoparticles and MCrAlY/nano-Al_2O_3 nanocomposite powder(M=Ni,Co,or NiCo) were produced using high-energy ball milling. The MCrAlY/nano-Al_2O_3 coating was deposited by selecting an optimum nanocomposite powder as feedstock for high-velocity oxygen fuel thermal spraying. The morphological and microstructural examinations of the Al_2O_3 nanoparticles and the commercial MCrAlY and MCrAlY/nano-Al_2O_3 nanocomposite powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with electron dispersed spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The structural investigations and Williamson–Hall results demonstrated that the ball-milled Al_2O_3 powder after 48 h has the smallest crystallite size and the highest amount of lattice strain among the as-received and ball-milled Al_2O_3 owing to its optimal nanocrystalline structure. In the case of developing MCrAlY/nano-Al_2O_3 nanocomposite powder, the particle size of the nanocomposite powders decreased with increasing mechanical-milling duration of the powder mixture.     

无压烧结CeO2-ZrO2-MoSi2复合材料及其力学性能研究

通过自蔓延技术合成MoSi2粉体,并添加CeO2、ZrO2粉末制备了不同体积分数的CeO2-ZrO2-MoSi2复合材料,采用扫描电镜观察了复合材料的微观形貌.实验研究表明:复合材料在高温烧结后的致密度较高,其力学性能较好,其中以MSZC3的效果最好,其致密度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为96%、268.8MPa和6.28MPa·m1/2.ZrO2颗粒同时实现了室温相变韧化和弥散强化的双重作用,显著提高了复合材料的韧性与强度.     

Al-Si合金粉末的高能球磨及其表征

为制备能满足使用要求的高硅铝合金电子封装材料,采用高能球磨对Al-Si 合金粉末进行氧化预处理,结合包套热挤压制备Al2O3 与SiO2 增强的弥散强化型铝硅复合材料,并利用粉末粒度分析仪、氧分析仪、金相显微镜及扫描电镜对球磨粉末氧含量、粉末粒度及材料组织进行分析.研究结果表明Al-Si 合金粉末经24 h球磨后,粉末粒度明显减小,部分粒径从3～5 μm 减小到0.1～0.2 μm;球磨后粉末形状从原来的长条状转变为细小的球状;粉末氧含量随着球磨时间延长而增加,且与球磨时间接近于呈线性关系;粉末经高能球磨后,所制备材料晶粒更加细小,特别是硅粒子已明显细化,材料组织更均匀、更致密;随着粉末球磨时间延长,材料热导率增加,球磨32 h 后,材料热导率高达145.5 W·m-1·K-1.     

Influence of B source materials on the synthesis of TiB2-Al2O3 nanocomposite powders by mechanical alloying

An Al2O3-TiB2 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by ball milling of Al, TiO2 and two B source materials of B2O3 （system （1）） and H3BO3 （system （2））. Phase identification of the milled samples was examined by Xray diffraction. The morphology and microstructure of the milled powders were monitored by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the formation of this composite was completed after 15 and 30 h of milling time in systems （1） and （2）, respectively. More milling energy was required for the formation of this composite in system （2） due to the lubricant properties of HaBO3 and also its decomposition to HBO2 and B2O3 during milling. On the basis of X-ray diffraction patterns and thermodynamic calculations, this composite was formed by highly exothermic mechanically induced self-sustaining reactions （MSR） in both systems. The MSR mode took place around 9 h and 25 h of milling in systems （1） and （2）, respectively. At the end of milling （15 h for system （1） and 30 h for system （2）） the grain size of about 35-50 nm was obtained in both systems.     

球磨工艺参数对Y2O3和Al2O3混合粉末机械合金化的影响

研究了在机械合金化Y2O3和Al2O3混合粉末的过程中,球磨工艺(球料比、转速、球磨时间)对机械合金化过程的影响。实验结果表明,采用球料比为20∶1,转速为500 r/min,能够获得较高的球磨能量,经10 h机械合金化即可促使Y2O3和Al2O3粉体发生固相反应,合成YAlO3(YAP)。     

二硅化钼机械球磨过程的研究

通过X射线衍射仪、电子显微镜和ZJM10T型搅拌机研究了MoSi2粉末球磨过程.结果表明:机械球磨过程中,MoSi2粉末的衍射峰强度随球磨时间的增加不断减弱且逐渐宽化;其机械化学变化随球磨时间的延长表现为:晶粒尺寸减小,显微应变增加,有效温度系数增加.机械化学效应因子之间的变化关系如下:晶粒尺寸与有效温度系数和显微应变呈逆变关系;显微应变随有效温度系数增加而增大.     

Electrochemical hydrogen storage properties of Mg100−xNix produced by hydriding combustion synthesis and mechanical milling

In this work, Mg-based hydrogen storage composites with an initial 100-x: x (x=25, 32.3, 50, 66.7) of Mg:Ni molar ratio were prepared by HCS+MM and their phase compositions and electrochemical performances were investigated in detail. The results show that the composites with desirable constituents can be achieved by adjusting the molar ratio of the starting materials in the HCS process. Particularly, the HCS product of Mg67.7Ni32.3 consists of the principal phase Mg2NiH4 and minor phase Mg2NiH0.3. The dominate phase varies from Mg2NiH0.3 and MgH2 for the Mg enriched sample (x<32.3) to MgNi2 and Ni for the Ni enriched sample (x>32.3). The MM modification not only brings about grain refinement of the alloys, but also leads to phase transformation of part Mg2NiH4 to Mg2NiH0.3 in the Mg67.7Ni32.3 sample. Electrochemical tests indicate that each sample can reach its maximum discharge capacity at the first cycle. Mg67.7Ni32.3 displays the highest discharge capacity as well as a superior electrochemical kinetics owing to its excellent H atom diffusion ability and lower charge-transfer resistance. The Mg67.7Ni32.3 provides the most optimized Mg/Ni atomic ratio considering the comprehensive electrochemical properties of all samples.     

TeO2/TiO2纳米复合物的制备与表征

为改善TiO2的光电性质,笔者采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TeO2/TiO2纳米复合物.分别用SEM、XRD、EDX、IR、UV-Vis等对产物进行了一系列表征,结果表明,复合物TeO2/TiO2为粒径20 nm左右的均匀球形锐钛矿相纳米粒子.     

SnO2／碳纳米管纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用水热的方法,将纳米SnO2负载在多壁碳纳米管（CNTs）表面,制备得到SnO2负载多壁碳纳米管复合材料（SnO2／CNTs）。通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）研究了不同反应条件对产物形貌的影响。结果表明,通过改变溶液的浓度可以控制SnO2／CNTs纳米复合材料的形貌。     

3%C-Cu机械球磨复合粉末的烧结

为了给后续的致密化工序(如热挤压)提供较高质量的烧结坯,用扫描电镜和光学显微镜分析了3%C-Cu机械球磨复合粉末所制备烧结坯的显微组织,并研究了工艺参数对其相对致密度的影响规律.结果表明,烧结温度对未机械球磨混合粉烧结行为的影响很大,而机械球磨复合粉对烧结温度不敏感.真空热压烧结可以明显地促进致密化过程.提高烧结温度、延长烧结保温时间或增加热压压强,均有助于提高烧结坯的相对致密度.在相同条件下,烧结坯的相对致密度随着复合粉末机械球磨时间的延长而降低.     

B_4C粉末的气流粉碎及烧结

采用气流粉碎对B4C粗粉 (比表面积为 0 5 2m2 g,中位粒度为 2 0 4μm)进行粉碎实验 ,研究了气流粉碎次数对粉末性能、压坯密度和烧结密度的影响及成形压力和烧结温度对B4C烧结密度的影响 .研究结果表明 :当粉碎次数达到 3次后 ,可获得中位粒度小于 1μm的B4C超细粉末 ;经过 4次气流粉碎的B4C超细粉末 ,其比表面积为2 5 3m2 g ,中位粒度为 0 5 6 μm ;该粉末于 2 2 5 0℃无压烧结 1h ,其烧结密度为 2 0 7g cm3 ,达到理论密度的82 .5 % ,平均晶粒粒度为 5 0 μm .可见 ,气流粉碎能改善B4C的烧结性 .     

Synthesis of nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy feedstock powders for thermal spraying by cryogenic ball milling

Nanocrystalline NiCrC alloy powders with a qualified particle size distribution for thermal spraying were synthesized using the cryogenic ball milling (cryomilling) method. The morphology, microstructure, size distribution, and phase transformation of the powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser scattering for particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After cryomilling for 20 h, the average grain size of the as-milled powders approached a constant value of 30 nm by XRD measurement. The average particle size slightly increased from 17.5 to 20.3 μm during the 20-h milling. About 90vol% of the powders satisfied the requirement for thermal spraying with the particle dimension of 10-50 μm, and most of the powders exhibited spherical morphology, which were expected to have good fluidity during thermal spraying. The Cr₂O₃ phase formed during the cryornilling process as revealed in the XRD spectra, which was expected to enhance the thermal stability of the as-milled powders during the followed thermal spraying or other heat treatment.     

微波镁热还原法制备ZrB2粉体及表征

以二氧化锆、硼酸和镁粉为原料,利用微波镁热还原法合成了纳米级的ZrB₂粉体。研究了镁粉含量与合成工艺对ZrB₂粉体的影响,通过TG-DTA分析了物相在不同温度下的反应过程,利用XRD、EDS和TEM考察了产物的组成和形貌。实验结果表明：采用微波镁热法,加热时间为20min就可得到ZrB₂粉体,杂相Zr₂O和Mg₃B₂O₆等为镁热反应中副反应生成的产物;当原料配比为n(Zr₂O)∶n(H₃BO₃)∶n(Mg)=1∶3∶4时,合成产物中ZrB₂的相对含量最高;合成的ZrB₂粉体为球状,平均粒径为80nm左右;加入NaCl有助于降低ZrB₂颗粒尺寸。     

超音速气雾化制备316 L不锈钢粉末的表征

利用自行研制的超音速雾化技术制备了316 L不锈钢粉末,采用激光粒度仪、扫描电镜、金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪进行了表征. 结果表明,316 L不锈钢粉末的平均粒度约为24 μm,粒度分布的几何标准偏差δ为1.75;粉末内部存在三种典型凝固组织,即具有发达二次枝晶的枝晶组织、胞晶组织以及枝状晶与胞状晶的混合组织;大粒径气雾化316 L不锈钢粉末为单一的γ奥氏体相,小粒径粉末由γ奥氏体相+少量δ铁素体相共同组成;熔滴的冷速随着粒径的减小而提高,平均冷却速率为104～107 K·s-1.     

Mechanical and wear properties of Al-Al3Mg2 nanocomposites prepared by mechanical milling and hot pressing

β-Al₃Mg₂ intermetallic was used as a reinforcing agent to improve the mechanical properties of an aluminum matrix. Different amounts of Al₃Mg₂ nanoparticles (ranging from 0wt% to 20wt%) were milled with aluminum powders in a planetary ball mill for 10 h. Consolidation was conducted by uniaxial pressing at 400°C under a pressure of 600 MPa for 2 h. Microstructural characterization confirms the uniform distribution of Al₃Mg₂ nanoparticles within the matrix. The effects of nano-sized Al₃Mg₂ content on the wear and mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated. The results show that as the Al₃Mg₂ content increases to higher levels, the hardness, compressive strength, and wear resistance of the nanocomposites increase significantly, whereas the relative density and ductility decrease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of worn surfaces reveals that a transition in wear mechanisms occurs from delamination to abrasive wear by the addition of Al₃Mg₂ nanoparticles to the matrix.     

机械化学还原法制备Al_2O_3-Mo_3Si/Mo_5Si_3纳米复合粉体

以MoO3、Si粉和Al粉为原料,采用机械化学还原法制备了Al2O3-Mo3Si/Mo5Si3纳米复合粉体.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪(LPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差热-热重分析(DTA-TG)等对复合粉体和球磨过程中粉体的固态反应过程进行表征.结果显示,MoO3-Si-Al混合粉体球磨5h后转变为Al2O3-Mo3Si/Mo5Si3复合粉体,反应为机械诱导的自蔓延反应.球磨20h后,Mo3Si、Mo5Si3和Al2O3的晶粒尺寸分别为27.5、23.3和31.8nm,产物具有纳米晶结构,粉体平均粒度为3.988μm,颗粒呈球形,分布均匀.DTA分析表明,复合粉体在机械化学反应过程中首先发生MoO3和Al之间的铝热反应,之后将发生一系列Mo和Si之间的反应,生成Mo5Si3和Mo3Si.     

低发射率SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的制备和红外隐身性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备非晶态和结晶态两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体,通过X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜等手段对纳米复合粉体结构和形貌进行表征,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究纳米复合粉体的红外隐身性能.结果表明：两种相结构的SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体均呈不规则颗粒状,其中结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体的平均晶粒尺寸约为18 nm;结晶态SiO2/Al2 O3纳米复合粉体在2.5~25μm波长范围内的红外发射率均低于非晶态复合粉体,3~5μm内发射率平均值为45.65%,8~14μm内发射率平均值为46.19%,是一种低发射率的红外隐身复合纳米材料.