中华乌塘鳢消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位

应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶免疫细胞化学方法,对中华乌塘鳢消化道中的Som、5-HT、PP、VIP、SP和CT等内分泌细胞进行鉴别和定位.结果表明:Som细胞在贲门胃、中肠分布较多,食道与幽门胃较少.5-HT细胞在食道较为丰富,胃中次之,前肠较少.PP细胞仅分布于肠道,后肠居多,前肠、中肠较少.VIP细胞分布于食道及贲门胃,食道处较少.SP细胞在后肠较为丰富,前肠分布较少.CT细胞集中在胃部,前肠偶见,其余部位未发现.不同种类内分泌细胞的数量分布和形态特征存在一定的差异,本文对其可能的内分泌方式和功能进行了讨论.     

蛤蚧消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态学观察

用龙桂开银浸法对蛤蚧消化道嗜银细胞的分布及形态作了观察，结果表明：蛤蚧消化道嗜银细胞在胃贲门部和幽门部分布密度大，胃体部密度小，呈“U”形分布；在十二指肠密度大，从空肠到回肠密度逐渐变稀；在大肠上、下段分布密，中段稀，也呈“U”形分布；从食道中段到下段密度中等，并呈递增分布．细胞颗粒被染成黑色、棕黑色，细胞形态多样，有锥体形、三角形、长梭形等。主要分布在黏膜上皮和腺上皮之间，在结缔组织里发现有少量的嗜银细胞，细胞充满嗜银颗粒，嗜银颗粒在细胞外有时可见到。     

锯缘青蟹消化系统内分泌细胞的免疫细胞化学定位

采用兔抗哺乳类Glu、SP、Gas、Pro、SOM、ACTH和PP等7种抗血清．应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化物酶免疫细胞化学技术，从锯缘青蟹的消化系统检测出前4种抗血清呈免疫阳性反应．Glu细胞分布于食道的皮腺、后肠肌层和肝胰腺．SP细胞位于后肠皮腺和肝胰腺．Gas细胞分布于食道和后肠的皮腺、贲门胃粘膜上皮以及肝胰腺．Pro细胞仅见于肝胰腺内．锯缘青蟹消化道粘膜上皮内分泌细胞少，这与脊椎动物内分泌细胞主要分布于消化道粘膜上皮的模式不同．肝胰腺具有4种内分泌细胞。提示了肝胰腺是锯缘青蟹体内重要的内分泌腺．     

牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）消化道形态学及组织学研究

采用大体解剖及光镜技术研究了牙鲆消化道形态学和组织学,牙鲆消化道由口咽腔,食道,胃,小肠,幽门垂和直肠构成。牙鲆口咽腔较大,牙锥形,为颌齿,舌三角形,粘膜表面为复层扁平上皮,食道粘膜也衬着复层扁平上皮,在食道起始处存在少量味和较多的杯状细胞,由食道到胃,杯状细胞逐渐减少直至消失,肌肉也由横纹肌变成平滑肌,胃销膨大,弯曲呈J型,粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,贲门部,胃体和幽门部均有胃腺分布,尤以胃体处最多,小肠短,为体长的1／2左右。小肠上皮为具微绒毛的单层柱状上皮,幽门垂4个,无括约肌,组织结构与小肠相似,直肠粘膜上皮为假复层柱状上皮,粘膜上皮中散布着较多的杯状细胞,环肌比较发达,牙鲆的消化道组织特点表明,其消化过程的特性就是食物停留胃内的时间较短,因而牙鲆的进食间隙也较短。     

南方鲇消化道组织形态学的研究

应用组织学技术，对鲇形目南方鲇的消化道组织结构进行了系统的研究。结果表明，食道、胃和肠壁内突形成明显的粘膜皱褶。食道壁肌肉层极厚，并为横纹肌；胃、肠壁的肌肉层为平滑肌，胃盲囊部、幽门部的肌肉层明显比贲门部厚，肠前段的环肌层较中段厚，后段的环肌层最厚。胃腺发达，贲门部的胃腺较厚，从盲囊部下段至幽门部，胃腺逐渐减少至消失。食道近胃贲门处，贲门部和胃幽门部的粘膜下层有丰富的致密结缔组织，且有众多分支伸入肌肉层，逐渐分支变细直达肌肉细胞之间，彼此联结成网状，该结构在鱼类消化道中尚未见报道。     

扬子鳄胚胎胃PAS反应观察

选取２３例扬子鳄胚胎，对其胃进行ＰＡＳ反应观察．胃表面上皮：第３０天时，上皮细胞表面出现薄层的ＰＡＳ反应阳性物质；第３４～６０天，阳性反应逐渐增强，并出现粘液保护层．胃腺：胃底腺，第４０天腺芽上皮出现ＰＡＳ反应阴性细胞，第４６～６０天胃底腺腺管基部上皮细胞呈阴性反应；幽门腺及贲门腺，第４０天时出现腺芽，腺芽细胞呈阳性反应；第４６～６０天幽门腺及贲门腺腺管基部出现阴性反应细胞．     

南方鲇胃肠道嗜银细胞的形态学及分布规律初探

应用组织化学技术Masson氏银浸法,对鲇形目鱼类南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)胃肠道嗜银细胞进行了研究,结果表明,南方鲇的胃肠道嗜银细胞多为开放型,有梭形、角锥形、梨形、椭球形、楔形、蝌蚪形等形态,只分布于胃中,常以细胞群的形式存在于胃小凹底部胃上皮细胞之间和胃腺腺泡之间,从胃贲门部、胃盲囊部到幽门部,分布密度逐渐递减。     

梭鱼消化道的组织学

本主要论述梭鱼的食道，贲门胃，胃体，胃盲囊，幽门胃，幽门盲囊及肠的组织学特征。     

中华鳖消化系统的组织学研究

中华鳖消化系统主要由消化道和消化腺组成．消化道包括口咽腔（前部为口腔、后部为咽腔）、食道、胃、小肠、大肠；消化腺包括肝脏和胰脏．消化道管壁除口腔外，其余由粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜层组成．不同部位的消化道管壁肌层厚度有差异，胃壁最厚，食道和小肠壁其次，大肠壁最薄．中华鳖口腔和食道上皮由两层细胞组成，底层为扁平不规则的基细胞，表层为长形的粘细胞，这部分上皮还特化成具水呼吸功能的绒毛突起；胃、小肠和大肠上皮均为单层柱状上皮．肝脏中贮脂细胞发达并含大量深色颗粒；胰脏泡心细胞和胰岛均不发达     

许氏平鲉消化道的组织化学研究

运用组化方法对许氏平鲉消化道碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、羧酸酯酶和粘液物质进行了定位及半定量研究。发现幽门盲囊和肠上皮细胞顶端胞质和纹状缘具碱性磷酸酶活性；胃粘膜上皮细胞核上方胞质、幽门盲囊及肠上皮细胞顶端胞质中检测到酸性磷酸酶活性；在胃贲门部和盲囊部、鼬门盲囊以及肠的上皮细胞内还检测到羧酸酯酶活性。整个消化道的粘膜层中存在许多粘液细胞。食道上皮含大量酸性粘液细胞，胃上皮细胞均含有中性粘液，而肠道由前向后中性粘液物质逐渐减少酸性粘液物质逐渐增多。研究结果表明许氏平鲉食道和直肠有润滑和微弱的吸收作用，胃有消化雕类和吸收二糖及短链脂肪的功能；幽门盲囊有较强的吸收脂类的功能；前肠、中肠和后肠有活跃的细胞内消化和吸收功能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has