CMCAM恒虚警率检测器性能分析

分析了CMCAM恒虚警率(CFAR)检测器在杂波边缘中的性能.在斯威林Ⅱ型目标假设下给出了它在杂波边缘情形中虚警尖峰的数学解析表达式,并与经典的有序统计(OS)恒虚警率检测器进行了比较.分析结果表明在杂波边缘环境中CMCAM检测器的虚警控制能力比OS检测器有效,当r≤7时它的虚警尖峰比OS检测器的虚警尖峰要低1-2个数量级,当7相似文献   

基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR检测器

针对传统恒虚警(Constant False-Alarm Rate,CFAR)检测器在非均匀噪声环境下检测性能较差的问题,本文提出了一种基于排序的自动剔除Switching-CFAR(Automatic Censoring Switching-CFAR Detector Based on Sorting,ACS-CFAR)检测器.选择参考窗中间单元为测试单元,其余单元按照幅值升序排列,根据两个分界点位置参数,选择合适的参考单元集进行背景噪声功率估计以及结合参考单元数和目标恒虚警率计算相关系数,得到最优检测门限.经过仿真对比,ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.73%,接近于单元平均恒虚警(CA-CFAR)检测器;在非均匀噪声环境下检测率为98.16%,优于可变索引恒虚警(VI-CFAR)和自动删除平均恒虚警(ACCA-CFAR)检测器,虚警率误差均控制在0.10%以内.结果表明,本文提出的ACS-CFAR检测器在均匀噪声环境以及杂波和多目标干扰环境下均具有较好的检测性能.     

船舶交通管理系统雷达双重自适应门限CFAR检测器设计与分析

分析了删除式恒虚警(ECA—CFAR)检测器存在的问题，提出了根据杂波强度自适应调整ECA—CFAR检测器第一门限——双重自适应门限CEAR处理方法，较好地解决了ECA—CFAR检测器由于第一门限选择不当造成的虚警概率升高和目标检测概率下降的问题．对利用计算机产生的雷达杂波和目标进行了模拟实验，实验结果表明，提出的CFAR方案在多目标环境下的检测性能优于ECA—CFAR检测器。     

一种非均匀背景下的多策略CFAR检测器

为了提高非均匀背景下的雷达目标恒虚警(CFAR)检测性能,该文基于变化指数CFAR(VI-CFAR)检测器,提出一种多策略CFAR(MS-CFAR)检测器。该检测器通过对参考窗中的杂波背景进行估计,自适应选择单元平均CFAR(CA-CFAR)、逼近CFAR(AC-CFAR)和交互式CFAR(S-CFAR)中的一种作为最优检测策略。仿真结果表明,MS-CFAR在继承了VI-CFAR优点的基础上,在均匀背景、杂波边缘和多目标干扰等背景下都表现出更好的检测性能,且具有更稳健的抗杂波边缘和抗多目标干扰性能。     

基于OS和UMVE的最大选择恒虚警检测算法

为了提高恒虚警检测器在多目标环境下的检测性能及有效控制杂波边缘环境中虚警率的上升,基于结合高效的无偏最小方差估计(UMVE)算法提出了一种新的最大选择恒虚警检测算法(OSUMGO-CFAR),它的前、后沿滑窗分别采用OS和UMVE方法得到两个局部估计,将其中的最大值作为背景杂波功率水平估计,去设置自适应检测门限。在SwerlingⅡ型目标假设下,推导了该算法在均匀背景下的矩产生函数MGF、平均判决阈值ADT、多目标环境下检测概率Pd和杂波边缘环境中虚警尖峰的数学解析表达式。采用数值计算的方法,将恒虚警损失及虚警尖峰分别作为衡量算法在多目标和杂波边缘环境下性能优劣的标准。分析结果表明,该算法在多目标和杂波边缘引起的非均匀背景中的性能,均比OSTMGO和GOSGO算法得到了改善。     

多目标环境下的雷达CFAR 检测

提出了一种基于对参考单元进行比较筛选的雷达恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法，并对其在不同背景条件下参考单元的分布变化与检测性能进行了分析。结果表明，该方法在不降低均匀环境下检测性能的条件下，可以明显改善CA和OS—CFAR在多目标干扰环境下的检测性能。     

一种混合型CFAR 处理方法

从理论上分析HCE(heterogeneous clutter estimate)恒虚警方法的检测概率与虚警概率。得出HCE—CFAR处理性能随参考滑窗中两杂波区域功率水平之比γ变化的曲线，并与单元平均(CA)方法的性能进行比较。设计混合型CFAR处理方法，给出其工作原理并通过分析、比较得出混合型CFAR具有优越的性能。     

AMTD系统频域双参数恒虚警性能分析

在机载雷达动目标检测系统中 ,用于目标检测的Doppler通道中的杂波剩余严重影响着系统检测性能。为在一定的虚警概率下提高系统的检测概率 ,针对抑制杂波后目标检测 Doppler通道存在 Rice分布干扰的情况 ,提出一种频域双参数恒虚警 (bi- parameter constant false alarm rate,BP- CFAR)处理方法。BP- CFAR处理方法分别在频域与距离域估计干扰的均方差与均值 ,取其线性组合作为各通道的检测判决门限。在频域存在杂波剩余的情况下 ,BP- CFAR与干扰的双参数分布相匹配 ,是统计意义下的最优检测器 ;与传统的单参数恒虚警处理方法相比 ,明显改善了系统的适应性和检测性能。     

利用相位特征筛选参考单元的改进CFAR方法

在传统单元平均恒虚警的基础上，提出一种利用相位特征筛选参考单元的改进恒虚警方法：通过判断连续脉冲回波在同一参考单元时的相位线性情况，剔除相位线性度强的参考单元，形成待检测单元适应性更好的检测门限，并通过仿真与实测数据测试，对比该算法与其他均值类恒虚警算法在不同环境背景下的检测性能。结果表明：在均匀单目标背景下，改进的恒虚警算法与单元平均恒虚警检测性能相当，比其他均值类检测器检测性能更好；而在多目标环境与杂波边缘环境下，改进的恒虚警算法相比其他均值类恒虚警算法能更好地避免目标遮蔽现象，检测性能更好。     

与初始噪声分布无关的恒虚警处理器

为提高单元平均类恒虚警 (CA- CFAR)检测的性能 ,提出一种新的与噪声初始分布无关的恒虚警处理方法 ,即 Gauss双参数恒虚警检测 (GB- CFAR)方法。其特点是根据独立同分布噪声的非相参积累结果近似 Gauss分布的特性 ,用不同的参考单元估计积累后噪声的均值和标准差 ,然后将待检测单元减去均值估计值 ,再与标准差估计值和固定门限的乘积相比较 ,从而实现恒虚警检测。结果表明 ,由于剔除积累后的噪声均值等价于剔除了部分噪声能量 ,因此提高了信噪比 ,使得检测性能明显优于传统的 CA - CFAR检测器     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.