Coat protein gene and 3′ non-coding region of tobacco mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus are associated with viral pathogenesis in Nicotiana tabacum

The camellia isolate of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV-TL) can induce local necrotic lesions on the inoculated leaves in Nicotiana tabacum, whereas the broad bean isolate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-B) produces the mosaic symptom on systemic leaves. To examine viral determinant for differential infection phenotype in N. tabacum, the coat protein gene and the 3′ non-coding region of TMV was replaced with that of ToMV, the chimeric virus induced similar local necrotic lesions to that induced by ToMV. The results indicate that the coat protein gene and the 3′ non-coding region of TMV and ToMV influence the virus-induced pathogenesis in N. tabacum.     

三生烟和心叶烟对TMV挑战接种的响应差异

用TMV溶液分别感染三生烟和心叶烟,36h,24h和12h后挑战接种同一浓度的TMV溶液,对其产生枯斑的数目和大小进行了分析比较．结果表明：在感染病毒后同一间隔时间挑战接种TMV,三生烟各处理叶片上形成的全叶枯斑数显著少于心叶烟;两品种烟草感染病毒36h后挑战接种TMV产生的全叶平均枯斑数与其他各处理组的差异都极为显著．     

不同土壤对心叶烟和三生烟种子萌发率的影响

测定了四种不同土壤的基本理化性质,并分别用其培育心叶烟和三生烟种子,统计两种烟草种子在四种土壤中的萌发率.结果表明:两品种烟草种子萌发率在育烟基质与其他3种土壤间有极显著差异(p<0.01),而在两烟草品种间差异不显著.     

不同土壤对心叶烟和三生烟种子萌发率的影响

测定了四种不同土壤的基本理化性质,并分别用其培育心叶烟和三生烟种子,统计两种烟草种子在四种土壤中的萌发率.结果表明：两品种烟草种子萌发率在育烟基质与其他3种土壤间有极显著差异（p〈0.01）,而在两烟草品种间差异不显著.     

烟草与TMV不同互作中PAL活性变化

漂盘培育云烟87和三生烟,苗期接种TMV后0h,12h,24h,36h,48h,60h和72h分别取样测定其叶片和根系中PAL的活性,并以未接种TMV烟苗叶片和根系中PAL的活性为对照.结果表明:烟草与TMV非亲和性互作时,叶片和根系中PAL活性上升速度比烟草与TMV亲和性互作时PAL活性上升速度快;烟草与TMV无论是亲和性互作还是非亲和性互作,烟草叶片中PAL活性升高速度快于根系中PAL活性上升速度.     

烟草与TMV不同互作中PAL活性变化

漂盘培育云烟87和三生烟,苗期接种TMV后0h,12h,24h,36h,48h,60h和72h分别取样测定其叶片和根系中PAL的活性,并以未接种TMV烟苗叶片和根系中PAL的活性为对照.结果表明：烟草与TMV非亲和性互作时,叶片和根系中PAL活性上升速度比烟草与TMV亲和性互作时PAL活性上升速度快;烟草与TMV无论是亲和性互作还是非亲和性互作,烟草叶片中PAL活性升高速度快于根系中PAL活性上升速度.     

苜蓿花叶病毒复制酶基因全长cDNA植物表达载体的构建和对烟草的转化

将苜蓿花叶病毒中国分离株(Alfalfa mosaic virus Chinese isolate，A1MV-Ch)的复制酶P2亚基(90 kD蛋白)基因的全长cDNA构建到植物表达载体pROKⅡ中，得到重组植物表达载体pAIMV-FL．用三亲融合法导入农杆菌LBA4404，并转化烟草，经PCR检测，获得了含全长cDNA的转基因烟草植抹．     

The pathogenicity on legumes of Cucumber mosaic virus was determined by 243 nucleotides on 2a polymerase gene of viral RNA2

We had isolated and identified two Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, the CMV red bean (CMV-RB)isolate and the CMV pea (CMV-P1) isolate. CMV-RBinduces necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves of broad bean, pea, cowpea and bean, and could not infect these hosts systemically. However, CMV-P1 was able to infect these legumes systemically. To study the difference of pathogenicity. on the legumes induced by these two CMV isolates, the full-length infectious cDNA clones of CMV-Fny, which induced similar symptoms as CMV-RB in the four legumes,were used. The 243 nucleotides fragment, which encodes highly conserved GDD amino acid motif on 2a replicase gene of CMV-Fny RNA2, was replaced with that of CMV-P1. The constructed chimeric virus FP could infect these legumes systemically. The exchange of this region changes the virus symptoms on the legumes, indicating that this 243 nucleotides fragment has major effect on pathogenicity of CMV on the legumes.``     

The pathogenicity on legumes of Cucumber mosaic virus was determined by 243 nucleotides on 2a polymerase gene of viral RNA2

We had isolated and identified two Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates, the CMV red bean (CMV-RB) isolate and the CMV pea (CMV-P1) isolate. CMV-RB induces necrotic local lesions on inoculated leaves of broad bean, pea, cowpea and bean, and could not infect these hosts systemically. However, CMV-P1 was able to infect these legumes systemically. To study the difference of pathogenicity on the legumes induced by these two CMV isolates, the full-length infectious cDNA clones of CMV-Fny, which induced similar symptoms as CMV-RB in the four legumes, were used. The 243 nucleotides fragment, which encodes highly conserved GDD amino acid motif on 2a replicase gene of CMV-Fny RNA2, was replaced with that of CMV-P1. The constructed chimeric virus FP could infect these legumes systemically. The exchange of this region changes the virus symptoms on the legumes, indicating that this 243 nucleotides fragment has major effect on pathogenicity of CMV on the legumes.     

Plant polar growth in tobacco disturbed by y-tubulin gene silencing

To further understand the functions of y-tubulin in plant cells, we conducted a study in which the y-tubulin gene was down-regulated in tobacco plants (obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method). This involved transforming the target fragments, in which the sense and antisense partial y-tubulin cDNA fragments were ligated together, into Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN. The y-tubulin down-regulated transformants developed multiple meristems or branches with trumpet-shaped leaves; their root generation also appeared abnormal, with the taproots undeveloped, whereas lateral roots were developed. In addition, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and expression of polarity transportation vector PGPI were aberrant. These results suggest that y-tubulin gene silencing disturbed the polar growth of tobacco plants, and that this phenomenon was probably correlated with the IAA content and the polar transpor-tation process.     

一个烟草PR-1a启动子的克隆及序列分析

通过PCR扩增，从烟草Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun中克隆了水杨酸诱导表达的病程相关蛋白PR-la基因的启动子TP12，以期用于构建诱导表达基因敲除系统，并用于无性繁殖植物的无标记基因转化。启动子的克隆产物经正反两向测序后，拼接分析结果表明，扩增得到的PR-1α基因启动子长1313个碱基，序列富含AT，其中A T占71．67％，与已报道的序列比较，核苷酸的相似性为98．6％。     

烟草花叶病毒单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

经工程菌表达与纯化,得到了纯度95%以上的TMV-CP-F重组蛋白,配合提取的TMV天然病毒颗粒作为免疫原.通过杂交瘤技术获得了14株能分泌特异针对TMV外壳蛋白的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株.经鉴定14株细胞所分泌的抗体亚类为IgG1型,抗体轻链均为κ型.经ProteinA一步法亲和层析纯化所得抗体经鉴定相对分子质量在149.36～157.23 ku之间,抗体纯度在80%以上.经间接ELISA测定,14株抗体均与TMV-CP重组蛋白和TMV病毒有良好特异性反应.所制备的抗TMV抗体的特异性高,可用于与其相关的免疫检测研究和应用.     

芋花叶病毒检测试剂盒的研制

用IPTG诱导融合表达芋花叶病毒(Dasheen mosaic virus,DMV)CP基因的菌株,通过12%SDS-PAGE和5%~20%梯度SDS-PAGE二次制备电泳获得纯化的CP免疫家兔,获得经过Western blot分析为特异的抗CP血清.硫酸铵沉淀初步提取IgG,然后用Protein A-Red Sepharose亲和层析进一步纯化IgG,IgG与甘油1∶1混合获得效价1∶3 100的一抗,将一抗、羊抗兔二抗和4-硝基苯基磷酸二钠组成DMV检测试剂盒.用研制的检测试剂盒对芋、魔芋和马蹄莲叶片样品的间接ELISA检测表明,DMV在田间普遍发生,并确定研制的试剂盒完全可用于DMV检测.     

大麦黄花叶病毒抗性突破株系的分子变异

通过大麦黄花叶病毒 (Ba YMV)抗性突破株系的核酸 RNA1全序列分析并与野生株系比较表明 ,抗性突破株系在病毒复制酶或转运蛋白区域 (6K2 )和核酸 RNA复制酶区域 (NIb)存在二个变异位点 .在这二个位点上抗性突破株系核酸分子编码的氨基酸分别为脯氨酸 (Pro)和苏氨酸 (Thr) ,而野生株系分别为缬氨酸(Val)和丙氨酸 (Ala) .对该两种酶蛋白质二级结构分析显示 ,氨基酸的变异可能导致了蛋白质的结构、功能与性质的改变 ,并且此种变异与抗 Ba YMV冬大麦中抗性基因 ym4的功能丧失有关 ,同时也说明了大麦品种田间致病性的差异与病毒核酸分子中的点突变关系密切 .     

There is the second virus that causes tobacco leaf curl disease (not TbLCV-CHI) in the field

Sequence analysis of virus isolation DNA of tobacco leaf curl disease shows that there is the second geminivirus (not Chinese Tobacco Leaf Curl Virus, TbLCV-CHI) that causes tobacco leaf curl disease in the field in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. This virus DNA-A contains 2 734 nt. Large intergenic region (LIR) contains 269 nt, the virus sense strand contains 2 open reading frames (ORFs): AV1 (115 aa) and AV2 (coat protein gene, CP, 256 aa), and the complementary sense strand contains 4 ORFs: AC1 (replicase gene, 361 aa), AC2 (transactivator, 134 aa), AC3 (134 aa) and AC4 (97 aa). The virus belongs to one kind of subgroup III geminiviruses from old world, and could be the Chinese tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-CHI).     

竹花叶病毒的研究进展及其作为表达载体的应用

竹花叶病毒（ bamboo mosaic virus，BaMV）是马铃薯X病毒属（ Potexvirus）的重要成员之一，距今为止在竹子上被报道过的唯一一种病毒，可造成竹叶片花叶，竹笋和竹杆内部呈褐色条纹病变等症状，严重影响竹材的经济价值，尤其对中国台湾的竹类栽培区造成了严重的经济损失。目前，对该病毒及其卫星核酸的基因结构和功能已经有了很深入的研究，并且在与寄主植物互作和作为表达载体的应用上有很大的突破。本文围绕BaMV的研究进展以及在中国大陆的可能性应用前景做出综合性的阐述。     

Molecular markers linked to Rsa resistant to soybean mosaic virus

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a severe disease in worldwide soybean production. A cross was made between Kefeng No. 1 with broad spectrum resistance to SMV and Nannong 1138–2, a susceptible cultivar. The inheritance of resistance to SMV strain Sa prevailing in southern China was analyzed. Results of x² test from inoculation experiment on parents F1, F2 and F3 lines showed that the resistance to strain Sa was controlled by a single dominant gene Rsa. BSA method was adopted and 900 random 10-mer primers were used to amplify total DNA from resistant pool and susceptible pool in order to obtain polymorphic bands in two bulks. 16 primers could generate polymorphic bands, of which OPW-05 and OPAS-06 could generate the most stable RAPD patterns. RAPD markers OPW-05₆₆₀ and OPAS-06₁₈₀₀ were found to be linked to Rsa. Their order and genetic distance were OPAS-06₁₈₀₀22.2cM Rsa10.1 cM OPW-05₆₆₀. Southern blotting showed that both OPAS-06₁₈₀₀ and 0PW-05₆₆₀ were low copy DNA in genomic DNA. 0PW-05₆₆₀ has been converted into an RFLP marker successfully. Additionally, pK644H, an RFLP marker, has been identified to be linked to 0PW-05₆₆₀, and their genetic distance was 37.4 cM.     

Generation of transgenic wheat resistant to wheat yellow mosaic virus and identification of gene silence induced by virus infection

The plasmid containing the promoter Act1, the coat protein (cp) gene of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) and the selectable bar gene, was delivered via particle bombardment, directly into immature embryos of a wheat cultivars. PCR and PCR-RFLP were employed to screen the existence of the cp gene in T0 and T1 generations. Seeds from the positive T1 plants were sowed in fields heavily contaminated with WYMV to detect their resistance. In field trial of virus infection, one of the transgenic wheat lines, P8-T2, exhibited highly disease-resistance. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of cp gene in the resistant transgenic line was reduced greatly compared to those susceptible to WYMV infection. This provided evidence to presume that the resistance obtained by the transgenic wheat line was stimulated by the mechanism of the virus induced gene silencing.     

贵州南方菜豆花叶病毒的ELISA检疫

采用ELISA间接法对分布于贵州几个地区的菜豆进行南方菜豆花叶病毒的检测 ,结果表明 :在所采集到的样品中 ,仅贵阳地区的菜豆感染有南方菜豆花叶病毒。其检测的灵敏度和最佳反应稀释度分别为 80 6ng/mL和 1∶5 0 0稀释度。