草原公路直线段路侧景观对驾驶员视觉特性的影响

 视觉系统是驾驶员获取行车信息的主要通道,而公路路侧景观是引起驾驶员视觉刺激的重要因素之一。以不同路侧景观的草原公路直线段作为研究对象,利用眼动仪采集5名驾驶员的眼动指标并进行分析。结果表明,驾驶员在景观相对复杂路段的瞳孔直径和扫视幅度较大,眨眼持续时间与注视持续时间较小;不同路侧景观对驾驶员的眨眼持续时间、注视持续时间、扫视幅度影响不显著;对驾驶员的瞳孔直径影响显著。本研究可为分析草原公路路侧景观对驾驶员疲劳的影响提供参考。     

单调路侧景观色彩对驾驶员眼动指标的影响分析

驾驶员行车中主要通过视觉获取信息,而色彩是最易被感知的信息。不同区域的草原公路路侧景观色彩差异较大,对驾驶员行车过程中的视觉特性会产生一定影响。基于色彩心理学理论,结合双因素方差分析方法,比较4名驾驶员在两条路侧景观色彩不同的草原公路上眼动指标均值变化规律,得到以下结论:1景观色彩对驾驶员眨眼持续时间、注视持续时间、瞳孔直径和扫视幅度有显著影响;2土黄褐色暖色调色彩环境对驾驶员视觉影响较复杂,使得瞳孔直径和扫视幅度较大,眨眼时间和注视时间较小;青绿的冷色调则表现相反;3连续单调的景观色彩容易对驾驶员造成一定的视觉疲劳。     

基于心率指标的隧道洞口景观色彩分析

为研究动态视觉下隧道洞口景观色彩对驾驶员心率指标的影响,应用3D-MAX软件对不同色彩及同一色彩不同速度的隧道洞口场景进行仿真模拟。采用PsyLAB生理记录仪记录10位驾驶员在不同场景下的心率数据,在此基础上分析了不同驾驶速度下隧道洞口景观色彩对驾驶员心率指标的影响,并建立了速度、色彩和心率三者之间的趋势面关系模型。结果表明,隧道洞口景观色彩值降低即色彩亮度提高,驾驶员心率均值将增大,能够提高驾驶者的注意力;相同色彩下,速度与驾驶员心率成正相关,即速度越快,驾驶员心率均值越大。     

基于驾驶员心率的高速公路纵坡路段驾驶舒适度评价

为了量化分析高速公路纵坡路段的驾驶舒适度,进行实车试验,采集驾驶员心生理数据、道路参数以及车辆运行速度数据。运用傅里叶变换转化驾驶员心率随机信号来研究心率变化的规律。采用偏相关分析,确定上、下坡路段影响驾驶员心率增长率的显著性因素。以交通工程学、人因工程学和心理学为基础,探究坡度和速度差对驾驶员心率增长率的影响,构建了基于心率增长率阈值的驾驶舒适度评价模型。研究结果表明：坡度、速度差与驾驶员心率增长率显著相关,而坡长与驾驶员心率增长呈弱相关;上坡路段行车时驾驶员心率增长率主要分布在15%～32%之间,坡度对驾驶舒适度影响较大;下坡路段行车时驾驶员心率增长率主要分布在15%～35%之间,速度差对驾驶舒适度影响较大。研究结果可为高速公路纵坡路段安全管理提供理论依据。     

驾驶员驾车使用手机对其心率变异性的影响分析

为了定量分析在驾车过程中驾驶员使用手机进行通话时对其造成的生理负担,设计仿真实验研究一般性电话通话、微信语音通话和干扰性电话通话三种不同形式通话时对驾驶员心率变异性的影响。基于Logitech仿真驾驶器,设计了实验内容与流程,分一般性电话通话、微信语音通话和干扰性电话通话三种使用手机通话方式下,在城市仿真道路上进行模拟驾驶。通过MINDWARE系统采集驾驶员在整个驾驶过程中的心率变异性各指标。分析得到三种使用手机通话方式下驾驶员的心电波形图、心搏间期序列、心动间期时间序列的频谱等;根据心率变异性各指标变化得出使用手机对驾驶员生理的影响。结果发现:无论在哪种通话方式下,驾驶过程中使用手机前后心率发生明显变化,呼吸功率谱中峰值频率、平均呼吸振幅、心率平均值和呼吸速率增大,心搏间期值降低;心电波形图的心跳频率增大,心搏间期序列的峰值降低、心搏间期变短,心动周期时间序列的峰值升高、周期变短。从心率变异率的各指标的变化值来看:微信语音通话对驾驶人心率变异性指标的影响最大,干扰性电话通话次之,一般性电话通话影响最小。     

驾驶员驾车使用手机对其心率变异性的影响

为了定量分析在驾车过程中驾驶员使用手机进行通话时对其造成的生理负担,设计仿真实验研究一般性电话通话、微信语音通话和干扰性电话通话三种不同形式通话时对驾驶员心率变异性的影响。基于Logitech仿真驾驶器,设计了实验内容与流程,分一般性电话通话、微信语音通话和干扰性电话通话三种使用手机通话方式下,在城市仿真道路上进行模拟驾驶。通过MINDWARE系统采集驾驶员在整个驾驶过程中的心率变异性各指标。分析得到三种使用手机通话方式下驾驶员的心电波形图、心搏间期序列、心动间期时间序列的频谱等;根据心率变异性各指标变化得出使用手机对驾驶员生理的影响。结果发现:无论在哪种通话方式下,驾驶过程中使用手机前后心率发生明显变化,呼吸功率谱中峰值频率、平均呼吸振幅、心率平均值和呼吸速率增大,心搏间期值降低;心电波形图的心跳频率增大,心搏间期序列的峰值降低、心搏间期变短,心动周期时间序列的峰值升高、周期变短。从心率变异率的各指标的变化值来看:微信语音通话对驾驶人心率变异性指标的影响最大,干扰性电话通话次之,一般性电话通话影响最小。     

基于HRV频域分析的草原公路减速带设置研究

通过实驾试验采集驾驶员的心电信号,利用心率变异频域分析方法,分析了试验过程中经过不同数量减速带驾驶员的LF成分与HF成分能量的比值(LF/HF)、归一化的高频(HFnorm)两个指标值的变化规律。结果表明:在排除速度和会车等因素影响的情况下,草原公路上减速带的设置缓解了高驾龄驾驶员的紧张情绪,增加了低驾龄驾驶员的警惕性;并建议设置2个减速带较为合理。     

高速公路景观色彩对驾驶人脑电α/β值的影响

为量化高速公路路侧景观色彩与驾驶人脑电α/β值之间的关系,在吉珲高速公路进行道路试验采集所需数据.基于双指数函数建立景观色彩值与脑电α/β值的关系模型.考虑到驾驶时间对驾驶人脑电α/β值的累积影响,基于三次高斯函数建立驾驶时间与脑电α/β值的关系模型.最后采用联合建模的方式建立驾驶时间、景观色彩值对脑电α/β值的关系模型.模型分析结果表明:路侧景观色彩均值与驾驶员脑电α/β值呈负相关,随着色彩值的增大即景观色彩越加明亮、鲜艳,驾驶员的α/β值越趋近于1,即达到放松与警惕之间的平衡状态;驾驶员脑电的α/β值随着驾驶时间呈现波动,驾驶员的主观意识强迫自己要时刻处于警醒状态,驾驶员自身会存在精神放松与警醒的博弈过程.研究结果可为考虑驾驶疲劳的高速公路景观色彩设计提供理论基础.     

草原公路驾驶员心电指标对标志标牌 信息量的敏感性

为验证驾驶员心电指标(electrocardiogram,ECG)对草原公路标志标牌信息量的敏感性,选取5名驾驶员开展草原公路实驾试验,分析驾驶员心电指标随标志标牌信息量变化规律,通过相关性分析、斜率分析方法研究各驾驶员心电指标变化趋势的相关性和单位时间内各心电指标受信息量变化的影响规律。结果表明:草原公路标志标牌信息量变化对驾驶员MRR(RR间期均值)和NN50(相邻间期差值大于50 ms的个数)指标值影响较大,其中与MRR指标值变化关联度为81. 82%,与NN50指标值变化关联度为63. 64%,因此可选用MRR值和NN50值来评价草原公路标志标牌信息量对驾驶员心电特性的影响;随着标志标牌信息量的增加,驾驶员MRR值呈下降趋势,NN50值呈上升趋势,驾驶员注意力集中,警惕性较高。     

高速公路隧道洞口景观色彩对驾驶员心率的影响

为了研究高速公路隧道洞口景观色彩对驾驶员心率的影响,利用3D-MAX软件对隧道洞口不同色彩进行仿真模拟,采集了10名驾驶员的心率数据,深入分析了红、黄、绿、灰等几种典型色彩对驾驶员心率的影响,并建立了隧道洞口景观色彩均值与驾驶员心率均值的关系模型。结果表明:在隧道洞口设置宽30 cm的红色时,驾驶员的心率增长幅度最大,设置同样宽度的黄色时,心率增长次之,但驾驶员心率增长量都在20%以内,不会导致驾驶员过度紧张;当隧道洞口设置绿色、灰色等暗色系色彩时,对驾驶员心率的影响不大。所以在隧道洞口设置适宜的色彩,能适当提升驾驶员的紧张感,减少交通事故的发生。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that