液-液循环流化床制取流体冰雾化机理实验

对液-液系统射流雾化机理进行了实验研究.通过改变水的喷射速度和非相溶介质的流速,来研究不同条件对雾化的影响,利用高速摄像仪捕捉各种工况下的雾化结果.采用图像处理与数值计算相结合的方法对雾化结果进行了统计整理,对雾化过程中影响雾化液滴平均粒径、射锥高度以及雾化现象的关键因素进行了探讨,并应用Rosin-Rammler分布函数对液滴粒径分布进行了分析.结果表明:每种工况下的雾化液滴粒径存在着离散性,能很好地符合Rosin-Rammler分布规律;当非相溶介质流速保持不变时,雾化液滴统计平均粒径与射锥高度分别在喷射速度为2.3与 3.5m/s时,达到最大值;而在相同的喷射速度下,改变非相溶介质流速所得雾化结果也完全不同.喷射速度以及周围非相溶介质的流速是影响雾化结果的重要因素,合理选择其值对优化雾化性能及控制雾化过程有着重要的意义.     

可调节双介质外混式喷嘴雾化特性的数值模拟

以采用蒸汽工质的某双介质喷嘴为研究对象,通过构建离散相模型,开展不同工况下的喷嘴雾化数值模拟计算,研究不同蒸汽入口压力与不同针阀开度对喷嘴雾化特性的影响。结果表明：雾化液滴的空间分布受喷嘴非对称进气结构的影响,在滚筒腔体内呈现非对称分布;雾化液滴粒径随空间位置变化显著,在雾化范围外部的液滴粒径最大,在雾化空间内部液滴粒径较小,约为1μm;随着蒸汽入口压力的增大,雾化液滴平均粒径减小;随着气液相对速度的增大,液滴最大粒径与平均粒径均减小,雾化效果显著改善。     

回流式两级分离轴流旋风分离器性能实验研究

为进一步提高电厂湿法脱硫后的烟气除雾效果,设计了一种新型的部分回流式两级分离轴流旋风分离器并为此搭建了旋风分离器性能测试实验台,通过液滴雾化装置产生了不同粒径液滴,采用Malvern激光粒度分析仪对设计的几种结构分离器的进、出口粒径分布进行了测试,对不同结构分离器在不同工况下的分离效率和阻力损失进行了测试。实验结果表明:分离器的分离效率随回流槽数量的增加而提高,内筒顶部回流槽数增加1倍,筒内气流速度为3.9m/s时,分离器效率提高66.78%;回流槽集中分布在分离器顶部比回流槽分布在分离器内筒上、中、下时的效率提高得更加显著,当筒内气流速度为3.94m/s时,分离效率可提高16.9%;中间导流管高度对分离效果也有一定影响,当导流管高度与分离器高度比为0.32时,分离效果最佳。     

雾滴内部流动及二氧化硫吸收过程的数值模拟

喷雾烟气脱硫过程中液滴在流场中运动时,在表面剪切力的作用下形成内部循环流动,影响液滴内部传质特性,进而影响雾滴吸收SO_2的过程.以单个悬浮液滴为研究对象,采用VOF(volume of fluid)方法计算了不同雷诺数下雾滴内部流动特性和SO_2气体在水雾雾滴内部的扩散,探讨了不同雷诺数下雾滴表面的速度分布以及雾滴内部循环流动对雾滴内部SO_2浓度分布的影响.数值计算结果表明:气流流场中的液滴与气流存在相对运动时,在表面剪切力的作用下液滴内部会产生2个相互对称的涡流,涡心距离液滴中心的距离为2/3R_d,涡流速度随着雷诺数的增加而增大.雾滴对SO_2的吸收过程受到2种机理的控制:一种是在浓度梯度推动下向雾滴内部的径向扩散;另一种是雾滴内部循环流动诱发的扩散传质.通过SO_2在雾滴中径向扩散时间与涡流形成的特征时间、内部循环流动诱发SO_2传质的特征时间的对比,表明在雾滴内部,循环涡流流动对吸附传质过程具有重要的影响,随着雷诺数的不断增加,雾滴内部循环流动对SO_2传质影响逐渐增大.     

离心喷嘴雾滴运动轨迹与沉积分布特性

针对转盘离心喷嘴雾滴运动方程难以用解析方法求解,以及雾滴群轨迹难以用试验手段追踪的问题.根据雾滴在空气中的受力理论分析,得到雾滴运动的物理方程.采用4阶标准RungeKutta算法,基于Matlab平台进行数值求解,得到了雾滴水平速度、垂直速度的变化曲线及雾滴的运动轨迹.搭建了离心雾化试验台,进行了雾滴沉积分布特性试验.结果表明:在转速为6 000 r·min-1,流量为700 m L·min-1雾化条件下,雾滴水平速度由15.71 m·s-1迅速衰减为0;雾滴垂直速度由0迅速增大到一定速度,雾滴最终沉降速度随雾滴粒径的增大而增加;粒径越大的雾滴水平位移越远;不同粒径的雾滴水平位移的理论值和试验值的相对误差均在5.31%以内,运动模型推导和求解正确.     

小型喷嘴雾化特性的实验研究

以水为雾化介质,以激光粒度分析仪为核心建立了雾化实验测试系统,对孔径分别为0.46 mm和1.44 mm的喷嘴进行了5个压力下的雾化特性实验测试,得到了两种喷嘴的索太尔平均径D(3,2)、中位径D50和体积平均径D(4,3)等表征喷嘴雾化特性的关键数据。结果表明,随着雾化压力和流量的增大,雾滴的D(3,2)、D50、D(4,3)均减小,而雾滴分布的标准差σ变大,即雾滴平均直径变小而分散度增加;雾化压力是喷嘴雾化的效果决定变量,在压力0.28 MPa下,0.46 mm孔径喷嘴雾化液滴(对应流量为8.5 L/h)的D50为73.24μm,1.44 mm孔径喷嘴雾化液滴的D50为84.94μm;同一压力下(0.28 MPa),0.46 mm孔径喷嘴的雾化效果优于1.44 mm孔径喷嘴。     

液体射流直径对大液气质量比双通道气流式喷嘴雾化性能的影响

采用水-空气系统,研究了液体射流直径对双通道气流式喷嘴雾化性能的影响。结果表明:当液气质量比为0.82~5.48时,液体射流直径对雾滴直径有显著影响。在液气质量比一定的条件下,随液体射流直径的增加,雾滴直径呈先减小后增大的变化趋势。当液体射流速度为2~4 m/s时,雾滴直径最小。     

稀土氯化物喷雾热解装置雾化效果的物理模拟

稀土氯化物雾化热解是稀土氧化物制备新工艺,但目前喷雾热解装备雾化效果差,雾化后液滴粒径分布不均匀.本文自行设计了文丘里管喷雾热解反应器,将粒子图像测速技术与MATLAB图像处理技术相结合,研究了气体流量、文丘里管和引流管几何尺寸等因素对雾化效果的影响.结果表明:文丘里管扩散段中较强的回流作用会加剧气液相间的混合碰撞,进一步破碎液滴;而过多的液相携带量容易导致雾滴密度变大,增大了液滴在运动过程中的碰撞几率,致使雾滴尺寸变大.文丘里管反应器适宜的几何尺寸和操作条件为:内径100mm,喉口内径10mm,引流管内径5mm,气相流量20.5m³/h.     

COREX熔化气化炉风口回旋区CFD+DEM数值模拟

COREX熔化气化炉风口回旋区是炉况顺行的基础,在冶炼过程中起着十分重要的作用,为了描述其形状和大小,建立了CFD+DEM(ComputationalFluidDynamicsandDiscreteElementMethod)耦合模型,对回旋区形成过程及大小进行了颗粒尺度的分析.得到床层高度为04m,气体速度1174m/s的条件下回旋区颗粒空隙度分布,当吹气时间为013s时,气体入口附近有颗粒被吹开,随着时间的推进,气体动能吹开的颗粒增多,019~021s时,形成的回旋区开始稳定.对入口处不同气体速度条件下回旋区及其附近颗粒速度进行了计算模拟.模拟结果显示,风口附近颗粒在做回旋运动,并且随着入口气体速度的增大,吹开的颗粒增多,回旋区空腔增大,当入口气体速度为1174m/s和1683m/s时形成的回旋区较稳定,当入口气体速度大于2190m/s时形成的回旋区不太稳定.     

高压喷雾射流雾化及水雾捕尘机理的拓展理论分析

通过对射流扰动控制方程、射流色散方程解算结果的分析,基于两相流的喷雾概念模型,引入了空穴、湍流和空气动力共同作用的雾化模型。认为高压喷雾时,喷嘴内部形成的空穴和湍流作用主导喷嘴出口附近的一次雾化,而空气动力则控制着此后的二次雾化过程。提出以临界韦伯数作为射流是否发生二次雾化的判据。根据对液滴破碎方式的分析,认为液流完全分裂成雾滴的射流临界初速度为60 m/s,且射流破碎一般发生在一次雾化中,薄膜破碎一般发生在二次雾化中。基于液滴对尘粒的主动碰撞理论,对典型喷雾降尘机理进行了改进,认为当含尘气体处于非饱和状态且温度高于液体温度时,捕集率与液滴粒径间存在一个最佳组合;在相同的液气比,相同的液滴喷入时,降低气流速度有利于微细液滴对细小尘粒的捕集。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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