矿物质对SO2释放的影响及钙的固硫机理

为了开发高效燃烧脱硫技术，通过热质量／选出气体分析实验研究了煤中矿物质对煤燃烧中SO2释放的影响以及钙的固硫机理，研究结果表明：脱灰后SO2的释放曲线由原煤的双峰变成单峰；Ca的添加能够促进煤中硫在低温下释放，但不同形态钙的固硫效果不同；脱灰煤中添加CaSO4后SO2的释放曲线又恢复为双峰，CaSO4没有固硫效果；添加CaCO3和CaO后SO2的生成会有明显减少，且CaO的固硫效果要比CaCO3显著．基于这个实验结果，提出了程序升温燃烧条件下煤中的矿物质对SO2释放影响所遵循的吸附-解吸附机理，以及钙基固硫剂固硫所遵循的吸附-解吸附／氧化机理。     

不同条件下钙基固硫剂的固硫机理

为了探求煤燃烧过程中传统钙基固硫剂固硫率低下的原因,本实验选用有代表性的含硫为2．92％的国家标准煤样,在不同条件下系统的研究了钙基固硫剂的固硫特性和固硫产物CaSO4的分解率;并分析了其固硫机理．实验结果表明:传统钙基固硫剂固硫效率低下的原因为高温下CaO化学结构的变化和固硫产物CaSO4的分解。该研究对改进传统钙基固硫剂的固硫效果有一定的理论指导意义。     

不同颗粒粒径灰渣中磷和硫的分布

为了解循环流化床运行时不同颗粒粒径灰渣的固硫固磷效果,从20 t/h循环流化床锅炉排渣口和循环放灰口分别采集炉内灰渣。对不同颗粒粒径灰渣进行XRF,XRD,SEM和EDS元素分析及物相表征。研究结果表明:循环流化床内,随颗粒粒径的减小,单位质量CaO对SO2的固定量逐渐增加。颗粒较大的CaO颗粒,流化程度低,长时间处于高温缺氧的密相床层区,导致CaO对SO2固定量的降低。颗粒较小的CaO颗粒,固硫反应的活化能较低,因此,单位质量CaO的固硫量较大,但受除尘器除尘效率的影响,其在炉内煤灰中的质量比例较低,固硫总量有限。CaO对P2O5的固定量同颗粒尺度无关,温度越高,二者接触越充分,CaO的固磷量越大。     

掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能研究

对掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能进行了研究。讨论了固硫灰细度、掺量及与粉煤灰复掺对干粉砂浆工作性能、力学性能和膨胀性的影响。结果表明:经预处理固硫灰可以应用于干粉砂浆中,且掺量为10%时效果最佳。固硫灰与粉煤灰等矿物掺合料复掺可以改善干粉砂浆性能。     

煤炭燃烧固硫剂

对热力煤粉锅炉的燃煤含硫情况进行了分析.根据燃煤的硫形态,开发出主要化学成分为CaCO3和MgCO3的固硫剂.为了解释固硫机理和进一步提高固硫率,使用热失重分析仪和逸出气体红外光谱在线分析仪,研究了温度和钙硫质量比以及添加剂对固硫效果的影响.研究结果表明:燃煤的硫形态主要是硫铁矿硫;固硫剂的合适钙硫质量比范围为2:1～3:1,当Al2O3作为添加剂时,硫的去除率可达70%～80%;固硫后的生成物为CaSO4和MgSO4;Al2O3作为添加剂具有较好的助固硫效果的原因是它与固硫剂反应生成了高温下更稳定的新物相3CaO·3Al2O3CaSO4;Cr2O3宜造成固体污染,不适合作为添加剂.     

中温同时干法钙基脱硫与氨法脱硝的实验研究

为了弄清楚中温条件下同时进行钙基脱硫与氨法脱硝的可行性,该文研究了脱硫脱硝过程中的相互作用。通过固定床实验台在700~850℃研究烟气中NO以及喷入的NH3对CaO固硫反应的影响以及SO2、CO2和H2O存在时固硫产物的脱硝活性。研究结果表明:烟气中的NO对固硫反应无明显影响,NH3仅在700~750℃且有CO2和H2O存在时才会使得CaO固硫反应速率有稍微的降低;SO2使得固硫产物对脱硝反应的催化效果减弱,但这种影响可逆,且H2O会减弱SO2的这种抑制作用。并且固硫产物在SO2,CO2和H2O同时存在时总体仍体现出较明显的脱硝效果。     

循环流化床燃烧产物固硫灰的细度对水泥性能的影响

为探讨磨细处理改善固硫灰水泥胶砂物理力学性能和膨胀性能的可行性,利用实验室气流磨对流化床固硫灰进行了磨细处理,研究了细度对固硫灰水泥凝结时间、胶砂强度和线性膨胀率影响.试验结果表明:经磨细处理后固硫灰水泥净浆标准稠度需水量降低,但初凝时间提前;细度对固硫灰水泥胶砂前期强度影响很大,掺加30%中位径为15 μm的原灰时28 d水泥胶砂抗压强度只有纯水泥对比样的47%,而掺加30%中位径为3 μm的磨细灰时水泥胶砂28 d抗压强度可以达到纯水泥对比样的85%以上,但在90 d时掺加固硫灰的水泥胶砂抗压强度均可达到对比样的82%以上.磨细处理能降低固硫灰水泥净浆的总膨胀能,并能将膨胀能提前释放.结果证明磨细处理是利用固硫灰的重要手段.     

氧化钙在煤岩显微组分气化中的作用研究

用装有气相色谱在线分析的高温高压差热分析装置在773～1273K的温度范围内考察了氧化钙对平朔烟煤三种基本有机显微组分(镜质组、稳定组和丝质组)分别与CO_2和水蒸气进行气化反应的影响。CO_2的反应压力和水蒸气的反应分压分别为1.0MPa和10KPa,升温速率均为10K/min.反应性测定和气化动力学数据处理结果发现,CaO对显微组分的气化有催化作用,而且这种作用在CO_2气化中更明显;显微组分的类型和气化反应气氛决定CaO的最佳添加量。对试样气化后残渣的电子探针能谱测定表明,CaO在显微组分的气化过程中具有固硫能力,这种能力从强到弱的顺序为稳定组、镜质组和丝质组,而且在水蒸气气化中的固硫作用更显著。扫描电镜对残渣的观察表明,CaO对显微组分在气化中的灰团聚具有阻抑作用,其机理与对显微组分气化的催化作用机理相似。用于煤/煤焦加压气化的动力学模型可以用来描述显微组分的气化和催化气化过程。     

固硫灰渣用于预拌砌筑砂浆的试验研究

对用原状的固硫灰和固硫渣配制的砂浆进行了试验,并将试验结果与用天然砂配制的砂浆性能进行了比较;同时,结合砂浆的X射线衍射分析进行了机理研究。试验研究表明:在固硫灰和固硫渣的用量之和占砂浆材料总量80%的情况下,砂浆拌合物的性能符合国家现行预拌砂浆标准的技术要求。砂浆试块在龄期28 d时的抗压强度,根据固硫灰与固硫渣的用量比例不同,可分别达到砌筑砂浆强度等级M5~M35级的要求。     

流化床燃煤固硫灰固化淤泥质土路用性能研究

淤泥质软土通常难以满足路基工程填料要求.为利用淤泥质土和工业固体废弃物,采用流化床燃煤固硫灰固化淤泥质软土,通过标准击实试验、强度试验、水稳性试验,结果表明:掺加固硫灰使击实淤泥质土最佳含水量提高,最大干密度降低;固硫灰固化淤泥质土能提高淤泥质土的强度,符合路基填土要求;固硫灰最佳掺量为20%较合适,继续增大固硫灰掺量,所产生的强度增加幅度不明显,同时,在固硫灰中掺加适量石灰,强度可大幅提高;固硫灰能显著改善淤泥质土的水稳定性,这与固硫灰形成水硬性胶凝材料有关;固硫灰固化淤泥质土的微观形貌表明存在明显的火山灰反应.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with