3BP2中SH2结构域的晶体结构及其与来源于FRS2α的肽的复合物晶体结构研究

提出了一个3BP2的Src同源区2结构域(SH2)不同于其他SH2结构域的全新肽链结合模式,它与FRS2来源的多肽结合于不同的氨基酸残基. 实际上,该SH2结构域与该短肽的三个重要残基相结合形成完美的几何互补,通过BioCore实验验证,这三个氨基酸最好是Y-E-N.     

3BP2中SH2结构域的晶体结构及其与来源于FRS2α的肽的复合物

提出了一个3BP2的Src同源区2结构域(SH2)不同于其他SH2结构域的全新肽链结合模式,它与FRS2来源的多肽结合于不同的氨基酸残基. 实际上,该SH2结构域与该短肽的三个重要残基相结合形成完美的几何互补,通过BioCore实验验证,这三个氨基酸最好是Y-E-N.     

WO3掺杂的La2/3Ba1/3MnO3的晶体结构和磁性质研究

采用La2/3Ba1/3MnO3(LBMO)为母体,选用非磁性的W离子的氧化物WO3作为第二相,用固相反应法合成了复合体系La2/3Ba1/3MnO3/xWO3.研究了该复合物的晶体结构和磁性质,发现W6 离子的注入会引起晶胞体积的增大和居里相变温度的下降,分析了发生这种变化的原因.     

热处理对纳米晶ZrO2:Sm3+晶体结构和发光性质的影响

用共沉淀法在不同的热处理温度下制备了纳米ZrO2：Sm^3＋发光粉体,所制备的粉体具有Sm^3＋离子特征强室温荧光发射。通过对不同热处理温度下样品晶体结构和发光研究发现：以此工艺制备的纳米晶ZrO2：Sm^3＋含有单斜相和四方相两种微观结构,四方相的含量与热处理的温度和时间有关,Sm^3＋离子的掺入有稳定ZrO2四方晶相的作用;因不同热处理温度下样品晶体结构不同,因此它们的发光中心不同。     

热处理对纳米晶ZrO_2∶Sm~(3+)晶体结构和发光性质的影响

用共沉淀法在不同的热处理温度下制备了纳米ZrO2:Sm3+发光粉体,所制备的粉体具有Sm3+离子特征强室温荧光发射。通过对不同热处理温度下样品晶体结构和发光研究发现:以此工艺制备的纳米晶ZrO2:Sm3+含有单斜相和四方相两种微观结构,四方相的含量与热处理的温度和时间有关,Sm3+离子的掺入有稳定ZrO2四方晶相的作用;因不同热处理温度下样品晶体结构不同,因此它们的发光中心不同。     

两个单核镉配合物Cd(2-SC5 H4 NH)2I2和Cd(2-SC5 H3 NH-3-CH3)2I2 的合成与晶体结构

以2－巯基吡啶及它的衍生物3－甲基－2－巯基吡啶为配体，合成了两个结构类似的单核镉配合物Cd(2-SC5H4NH)2I2和Cd(2-SC5H3NH-3-CH3)2I2,并用X射线单晶衍射法测定了晶体结构。     

Na3H3[C4FN3OH4]6[TeMo6O24]·8H2O和Na2H[C4FN3OH4]2[Al（OH）6Mo6O18]·13H2O的合成与晶体结构

采用常规方法合成了2个Anderson型多金属氧酸盐Na3H3[C4FN3OH4]6[TeMo6O24]·8H2O（Ⅰ）和Na2H[C4FN3OH4]2[Al（OH）6Mo6O18]·13H2O（Ⅱ）．通过元素分析、红外光谱、热重分析、X射线单晶衍射对其进行了表征．结果表明：2个化合物均属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群;化合物Ⅰ的晶胞参数a=1．10691（10）nm,b=1．14899（10）nm,c=1．35807（12）nm,a=71．63（2）°,β=66．25（10）°,γ=67．44（2）°,V=1．4334（2）nm^3,Z=1,R1=0．0748,wR2=0．1279;化合物Ⅱ的晶胞参数a=0．68788（4）nm,b=1．16845（7）nm,C=1．30690（8）nm,a=81．3390（10）°,β=77．8900（10）°,γ=79．5480（10）°,V=1．00307（10）nm^3,Z=1,R1=0．0314,wR2=0．0995．     

K2CuIn3Se6的固相合成、晶体结构和性能

采用反应性熔盐法以n(K₂Se₃ )∶n(Cu)∶n(In)∶n(Se) =2∶2∶1∶6的摩尔比,在773K下反应5d,得到四元金属硒化物K₂CuIn₃Se₆。该晶体属于单斜晶系,空间群为C2/c ,晶胞参数a =1 .1484(2)nm,b =1.1458(2)nm,c =2.1327(4)nm,β =97.81(3)^o,V=2.7802(1)nm³,Z=8.K₂CuIn₃Se₆具有层状结构,含有二维共价结构的负离子,²∞[CuIn₃Se₆]^2-.²∞ [CuIn₃Se₆]^2-由配位四面体[CuSe₄]和[InSe₄]共顶点连接而成。²∞[CuIn₃Se₆]^2-和K+ 以静电力堆积成晶体。漫反射光谱研究表明,该晶体具有1.6eV的光学能隙,属于半导体,对太阳能有选择吸收的特性。     

（E）-3-（2-呋喃基）丙烯酸的合成与晶体结构

以2-呋喃甲醛和乙酸酐为原料,在乙酸钾存在下,用相转移催化法合成了（E）-3-（2-呋喃基）丙烯酸,其结构经UV、IR、X-射线单晶衍射仪进行了表征．合成的目标化合物分子式为C7H6O3,分子量为138．12,晶体属于单斜晶系,C2／c空间群,晶胞系数为：a=18．993（6）A,b=3．8474（12）A,c=20．095（6）A,α=90．00°β=114．054°（4）,γ=90．00°,V=1341．0（7）nm^3,Z=8,Dr=1．368Mg／cm^3,F（000）=576,μ（MOK＼a）=0．71073．结构由直接法解出,最终偏离因子为R1=0．0645,wR2=0．1360,分子间通过弱的相互作用形成层状化合物．     

［Ag_2（α－Ph_2PPy）_2］_2（NO_3）_4的合成和晶体结构

ＡｇＮＯ＿３和ａ－ｐｈ＿２ｐｐｙ，（ａ－（Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿５）＿２Ｐ（ＮＣ＿５Ｈ＿５））在加有少量Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２和ＮａＯＨ的Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿５ＯＨ水溶液中反应生成标题化合物的灰黑色晶体。属四方晶系，空间群Ｐ４＿１，ａ＝１．３００ｎｍ，Ｃ＝４．０７６ｎｍ，ｖ＝６．８８４ｎｍ￣３，Ｚ＝８，Ｄ＿ｃ＝１．６７ｇｃｍ￣（－３），Ｒ＝０．０５９，ｒ＿ω＝０．０７２．每一不对称单元中存在二套独立而结构基本相同的［Ａｇ＿２（ａ－ｐｈ＿２ＰＰｙ）＿２］￣２＋，它的二个Ａｇ原子和二个ａ－ｐｈ＿２ＰＰｙ中－Ｎ－Ｃ－Ｐ－桥的Ｎ，Ｐ原子联接成为一个稳定非共面八员环，而环内Ａｇ，Ａｇ间距分别是０．３１４，０．３ｌ０（ｎｍ），均未成键。不对称单元中的二个八员环通过的Ｏ原子与环上Ａｇ原子的弱成键而具有结构联系。环内还出现了罕见的三配位Ａｇ原子。     

Crystal structure of a Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain.

The Src-homologous SH3 domain is a small domain present in a large number of proteins that are involved in signal transduction, such as the Src protein tyrosine kinase, or in membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, but the function of SH3 is still unknown (reviewed in refs 1-3). Here we report the three-dimensional structure at 1.8 A resolution of the SH3 domain of the cytoskeletal protein spectrin expressed in Escherichia coli. The domain is a compact beta-barrel made of five antiparallel beta-strands. The amino acids that are conserved in the SH3 sequences are located close to each other on one side of the molecule. This surface is rich in aromatic and carboxylic amino acids, and is distal to the region of the molecule where the N and C termini reside and where SH3 inserts into the alpha-spectrin chain. We suggest that a protein ligand binds to this conserved surface of SH3.     

Crystal structure of the phosphotyrosine recognition domain SH2 of v-src complexed with tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides.

Three-dimensional structures of complexes of the SH2 domain of the v-src oncogene product with two phosphotyrosyl peptides have been determined by X-ray crystallography at resolutions of 1.5 and 2.0 A, respectively. A central antiparallel beta-sheet in the structure is flanked by two alpha-helices, with peptide binding mediated by the sheet, intervening loops and one of the helices. The specific recognition of phosphotyrosine involves amino-aromatic interactions between lysine and arginine side chains and the ring system in addition to hydrogen-bonding interactions with the phosphate.     

Crystal structures of mismatch repair protein MutS and its complex with a substrate DNA

DNA mismatch repair is critical for increasing replication fidelity in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. MutS protein, a member of the ABC ATPase superfamily, recognizes mispaired and unpaired bases in duplex DNA and initiates mismatch repair. Mutations in human MutS genes cause a predisposition to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer as well as sporadic tumours. Here we report the crystal structures of a MutS protein and a complex of MutS with a heteroduplex DNA containing an unpaired base. The structures reveal the general architecture of members of the MutS family, an induced-fit mechanism of recognition between four domains of a MutS dimer and a heteroduplex kinked at the mismatch, a composite ATPase active site composed of residues from both MutS subunits, and a transmitter region connecting the mismatch-binding and ATPase domains. The crystal structures also provide a molecular framework for understanding hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer mutations and for postulating testable roles of MutS.     

Crystal structures of the membrane-binding C2 domain of human coagulation factor V

Rapid and controlled clot formation is achieved through sequential activation of circulating serine proteinase precursors on phosphatidylserine-rich procoagulant membranes of activated platelets and endothelial cells. The homologous complexes Xase and prothrombinase, each consisting of an active proteinase and a non-enzymatic cofactor, perform critical steps within this coagulation cascade. The activated cofactors VIIIa and Va, highly specific for their cognate proteinases, are each derived from precursors with the same A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 architecture. Membrane binding is mediated by the C2 domains of both cofactors. Here we report two crystal structures of the C2 domain of human factor Va. The conserved beta-barrel framework provides a scaffold for three protruding loops, one of which adopts markedly different conformations in the two crystal forms. We propose a mechanism of calcium-independent, stereospecific binding of factors Va and VIIIa to phospholipid membranes, on the basis of (1) immersion of hydrophobic residues at the apices of these loops in the apolar membrane core; (2) specific interactions with phosphatidylserine head groups in the groove enclosed by these loops; and (3) favourable electrostatic contacts of basic side chains with negatively charged membrane phosphate groups.     

Crystal structure of the transfer-RNA domain of transfer-messenger RNA in complex with SmpB

Accurate translation of genetic information into protein sequence depends on complete messenger RNA molecules. Truncated mRNAs cause synthesis of defective proteins, and arrest ribosomes at the end of their incomplete message. In bacteria, a hybrid RNA molecule that combines the functions of both transfer and messenger RNAs (called tmRNA) rescues stalled ribosomes, and targets aberrant, partially synthesized, proteins for proteolytic degradation. Here we report the 3.2-A-resolution structure of the tRNA-like domain of tmRNA (tmRNA(Delta)) in complex with small protein B (SmpB), a protein essential for biological functions of tmRNA. We find that the flexible RNA molecule adopts an open L-shaped conformation and SmpB binds to its elbow region, stabilizing the single-stranded D-loop in an extended conformation. The most striking feature of the structure of tmRNA(Delta) is a 90 degrees rotation of the TPsiC-arm around the helical axis. Owing to this unusual conformation, the SmpB-tmRNA(Delta) complex positioned into the A-site of the ribosome orients SmpB towards the small ribosomal subunit, and directs tmRNA towards the elongation-factor binding region of the ribosome. On the basis of this structure, we propose a model for the binding of tmRNA on the ribosome.     

A protein-tyrosine phosphatase with sequence similarity to the SH2 domain of the protein-tyrosine kinases.

The phosphorylation of proteins at tyrosine residues is critical in cellular signal transduction, neoplastic transformation and control of the mitotic cycle. These mechanisms are regulated by the activities of both protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases). As in the PTKs, there are two classes of PTPases: membrane associated, receptor-like enzymes and soluble proteins. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA clone encoding a new form of soluble PTPase, PTP1C. The enzyme possesses a large noncatalytic region at the N terminus which unexpectedly contains two adjacent copies of the Src homology region 2 (the SH2 domain) found in various nonreceptor PTKs and other cytoplasmic signalling proteins. As with other SH2 sequences, the SH2 domains of PTP1C formed high-affinity complexes with the activated epidermal growth factor receptor and other phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. These results suggest that the SH2 regions in PTP1C may interact with other cellular components to modulate its own phosphatase activity against interacting substrates. PTPase activity may thus directly link growth factor receptors and other signalling proteins through protein-tyrosine phosphorylation.     

Structure of an SH2 domain of the p85 alpha subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase.

Receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, through phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues, generate high-affinity binding sites which direct assembly of multienzyme signalling complexes. Many of these signalling proteins, including phospholipase C gamma, GTPase-activating protein and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase, contain src-homology 2 (SH2) domains, which bind with high affinity and specificity to tyrosine-phosphorylated sequences. The critical role played by SH2 domains in signalling has been highlighted by recent studies showing that mutation of specific phosphorylation sites on the platelet-derived growth factor receptor impair its association with phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase, preventing growth factor-induced mitogenesis. Here we report the solution structure of an isolated SH2 domain from the 85K regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase, determined using multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structure is characterized by a central region of beta-sheet flanked by two alpha-helices, with a highly flexible loop close to functionally important residues previously identified by site-directed mutagenesis.     

SH2域与磷酸化多肽相互作用的连续溶剂模型研究

使用连续溶剂模型方法研究了SH2结构域与磷酸化多肽pYXXX(X为20种常见氨基酸残基中的任意一种)之间的相互作用.首先计算了已知的SH2域-磷酸化酪氨酸多肽复合物之间的结合能,理论计算的结果与实验测得的亲合能之间的相关系数为0.91,验证了理论模型的正确性.然后,用该模型方法计算了SH2域与pYXXX之间的结合能,分析了磷酸化酪氨酸多肽pYXXX中 1, 2, 3位置上残基对结合能的影响.结果表明 2, 3位置上残基的变化对结合能影响较大, 2位置上带负电的残基和 3位置上的疏水性残基有利于SH2域与pYXXX之间的相互作用,这与实验结果一致.     

Crystal structure of nerve growth factor in complex with the ligand-binding domain of the TrkA receptor.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is involved in a variety of processes involving signalling, such as cell differentiation and survival, growth cessation and apoptosis of neurons. These events are mediated by NGF as a result of binding to its two cell-surface receptors, TrkA and p75. TrkA is a receptor with tyrosine kinase activity that forms a high-affinity binding site for NGF. Of the five domains comprising its extracellular portion, the immunoglobulin-like domain proximal to the membrane (TrkA-d5 domain) is necessary and sufficient for NGF binding. Here we present the crystal structure of human NGF in complex with human TrkA-d5 at 2.2 A resolution. The ligand-receptor interface consists of two patches of similar size. One patch involves the central beta-sheet that forms the core of the homodimeric NGF molecule and the loops at the carboxy-terminal pole of TrkA-d5. The second patch comprises the amino-terminal residues of NGF, which adopt a helical conformation upon complex formation, packing against the 'ABED' sheet of TrkA-d5. The structure is consistent with results from mutagenesis experiments for all neurotrophins, and indicates that the first patch may constitute a conserved binding motif for all family members, whereas the second patch is specific for the interaction between NGF and TrkA.