最小偏向角法测液体折射率实验的研究

研究最小偏向角测量液体折射率的实验原理和方法,实验时利用分光计观测谱线并测量光线通过盛满待测透明液体"方体池"的最小偏向角,进而得到待测液体的折射率。实验结果表明,最小偏向角法实验操作简便,测量结果准确。     

一种测量光透明液体折射率的方法

提出了一种测量光透明液体折射率的方法。这种测量方法基于凸透镜成像。首先,在光学导轨上依次放置白炽灯、物屏、凸透镜、玻璃容器,并调节等高共轴,再调节凸透镜使物屏成缩小的实像。接着,利用读数显微镜确定缩小像的位置,并测量容器装待测液体前后两次成缩小像位置的间距。然后,利用游标卡尺测量容器内部沿凸透镜光轴方向的尺寸。最后,根据容器的尺寸与两次成像位置的间距计算得到液体的折射率。这种测量方法准确、快速,而且操作简单、方便。     

关于薄膜干涉中额外光程差的讨论

就薄膜干涉中两反射光间的额外光程差问题展开论述。首先给出半波损失的概念,强调入射光在掠入射或正入射两种情况下,反射光才可产生半波损失。其次讨论薄膜干涉中各种情况下反射光间的额外光程差。第1种情况是折射率为n2的薄膜处于折射率为n1的介质中,可分为n1〉n2和n1n2〉n3,n1n2n34种情况。分别讨论了反射光间是否存在额外光程差,并且对入射角的范围作了说明,同时更正了部分文献的错误。与某些教科书给出的结论不同,当媒质的折射率逐次变化时,也会存在一个额外光程差,但不是λ/2;而当薄膜上下表面物理性质相反时,也有额外光程差不为λ/2的特例。     

全反射比较法测量液体折射率色散的研究

基于全反射原理,提出一种用比较法测量液体折射率色散的方法.分析了棱镜全反射比较法测量液体折射率色散的基本原理,推导得到折射率色散的计算公式.结果表明:待测液体折射率色散与标准液体折射率色散、全反射极限出射角有关,与棱镜折射率色散无关;搭建相应的实验光路及系统,通过与阿贝折射仪及双棱镜法测量折射率色散对比证明了该方法的准确性.实验测量了葡萄糖水、印度墨水、聚苯乙烯溶液、品红溶液、唾液、汗液及不同浓度蜜糖溶液样品的折射率色散曲线,同一样品的折射率随着波长的增加而降低,并通过柯西色散公式得到相关样品色散曲线的拟合方程.实验表明:测量液体折射率的精度约0.000 2;分离餐后汗液、唾液的折射率明显高于餐前,这一实验结论给糖尿病的无创检测血糖提供一种可能的思路.文中提出的方法不需要棱镜折射率及其色散数据,具有实验系统简单、样品量少、测量过程方便、测量精度高等特点,不仅适合于透明及弱吸收散射的液体,而且可被用于固体折射率色散的测量,具有实际推广应用意义.     

基于棱镜耦合的双循环法测量液体复折射率

提出一种棱镜耦合布儒斯特角双循环算法,实现了液体复折射率的精确测量.使用p线偏振光入射到等腰棱镜底面与待测液体样品的分界面上,逐步旋转棱镜,得到样品总光强反射率随入射角变化关系的实验曲线;基于菲涅尔公式及布儒斯特定律,分析了棱镜测量液体复折射率的基本原理,采取双循环拟合算法,求得样品折射率及消光系数;搭建了相应的实验系统,测量了印度墨水、脂肪乳溶液和二碘甲烷匹配液等样品的复折射率,也得到了印度墨水和脂肪乳溶液的折射率、消光系数随浓度变化的实验曲线.实验表明:测量液体折射率及消光系数的精度分别约为0.000 2和0.000 1,有较高的测量准确度及稳定性,测量液体折射率范围不受棱镜折射率限制.     

测透明固体和液体折射率的新方法

使用自制的三棱容器,采用折射极限法,从理论推理出测量用三棱容器顶角和极限角的范围,并用分光计进行精密测量,进而获得固体和液体折射率.实验中,玻璃容器对测液体折射率不产生影响,并进行了理论上证明.     

一种光纤组量程扩增的激光频率扫描干涉绝对测距系统

为解决激光频率扫描干涉(FSI)测距系统随着目标距离增大测量精度下降的问题,提出了一种利用光纤组量程扩增技术实现大尺寸绝对测距的精度补偿方法。采用参考光路光程可变递增的方法,建立了光纤组量程扩增的激光频率扫描干涉绝对测距系统,通过FSI原理实现了量程扩增部分光程差的自标定。对应不同测量目标,通过粗测和精确测量,实现了系统原点自标定、光纤通道切换和目标值的精确测量。实验结果表明,在测量距离大于3 000mm后,光纤组量程扩增测距系统具有更高的绝对距离测量重复精度,在6 700mm目标位置的绝对距离重复精度比FSI测距系统的重复精度提高了2.4μm,并且在大尺寸测量方面更具有一定的优势。     

基于三稳频激光波长的相移干涉测量法修正空气折射率湿度参数

针对公式法测量空气折射率受到Cd光源频率稳定性低和应用温度区间小的影响,其湿度修正误差不适应当前光学精密测量的实际需求的问题,提出了基于相移干涉光路的折射率测量光路.该光路由一个相移干涉光路和一个辅助角度测量干涉光路组成,并采用3个高精度稳频波长作为光源（532,633,780 nm）.在14.6~24.0℃温度区间内进行实验,获得了对湿度的修正系数并得到修正公式.将其用于实验比对,表明所得公式的测量精度优于Boensch公式.      

利用微小位移与线膨胀量的关系测量物体线膨胀系数

本论文基于迈克尔逊干涉仪,介绍了一种新的测量物体线膨胀系数的方法.通过在迈克尔逊干涉原光路中添加平行平面镜组,使入射光和反射光在反射镜组中多次反射,实现光程差放大.将平面镜组中的一面平面镜固定在被测物体的伸缩端,物体受热后产生的线膨胀量带动平面镜移动.通过观察干涉条纹的变化,可以得到物体的线膨胀量,从而实现物体线膨胀系数的测量.设计了实验光路图,并进行了实验验证.通过与理论值进行对比,证明该方法可行.     

用光干涉法测定高聚物的折射率、热膨胀系数和研究其相态转变

本文用光干涉法测定了几种透明固体高聚物薄膜的折射率,其精度为10~(-4),并在-60～120℃范围内,测量了光在样品中传播的光程随温度变化的曲线。从该曲线上得出了高聚物样品的玻璃转变温度、热膨胀系数和折射率温度系数等有用资料。结果表明,光干涉法是测定高聚物的光学、热学性质和研究其相态转变的简单、灵敏的实验方法之一。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to