维生素对微生物絮凝剂REA-11合成的影响

考察了生物素、维生素B1、维生素B12等维生素对谷氨酸棒杆菌生长及生物絮凝剂合成的影响.结果表明,培养基中添加生物素对菌体的生长无明显影响,0.2 mg/L的生物素对絮凝剂的合成有一定的促进作用;维生素B1对菌体的生长有轻微的促进作用,但对絮凝剂的合成无明显影响;维生素B12对菌体的生长有一定的促进作用,0.1 mg/L的维生素B12对絮凝剂的合成有轻微的促进作用,随着维生素B12浓度的增加开始对絮凝剂的合成产生抑制作用.     

前体氨基酸对维生素B_(12)发酵合成的影响

谷氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸和甲硫氨酸是维生素B12合成的重要前体。在脱氮假单胞菌(Pseudomonas denitrifican)发酵的产物合成期以补加的方式考察了这4种氨基酸对维生素B12合成的影响。在合成培养基的基础上,通过单因素添加试验分别考察了这些氨基酸对维生素B12合成的影响,发现谷氨酸、甘氨酸和苏氨酸影响显著;并进一步利用三因素三水平的正交试验设计考察了氨基酸混合添加对菌体生长和维生素B12合成的影响,结果表明谷氨酸是最主要的影响因素,并且发现同时添加多种氨基酸更有利。当添加量为谷氨酸0.45 g/L、苏氨酸0.20 g/L、甘氨酸0.15g/L时,得到的菌体量和维生素B12产量分别比对照组提高了13.1%和46.0%。     

CO_2对脱氮假单胞菌发酵生产维生素B_(12)的影响

通过调整进气中空气和CO2的比例,研究了CO2的体积分数(φCO2)为0.03%,3.32%,8.86%和13.84%时对脱氮假单胞菌的生长和维生素B12合成代谢的影响。发酵过程的生理代谢分析结果表明:当进气中CO2体积分数增加到8.86%时,菌体的生长没有受到显著影响;而单位菌体糖消耗速率为29.95 mg/(g.h),仅为对照组的77%;产物的合成速率可达到1.75 mg/(L.h),比对照组1.02 mg/(L.h)的合成速率提高了71.6%。但CO2体积分数为13.84%时,菌体生长、底物利用以及维生素B12的合成都将受到抑制,因此在生产过程中控制CO2的体积分数非常关键。     

维生素B12分批与补料分批发酵的研究

首先对维生素B12产生菌Propionibacterium shermanii在7L发酵罐内分批发酵下的菌体生长及产维生素B12的特性进行了研究。分批发酵的结果表明，虽然提高葡萄糖的浓度可以提高产量，但是存在着菌体生长受抑制，耗糖缓慢，发酵周期长的缺陷。继而进行了间歇补料分批发酵工艺的研究，确定了初糖浓度及补糖策略。发酵最终菌体干重达16．96g／L，较分批发酵提高50％；维生素B12的产量达38．55mg／L，较分批发酵提高16％；有效缩短了发酵周期，较分批发酵缩短24h。     

维生素对乳酸菌细胞活性和代谢途径相关酶活性的影响

研究了拟干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)发酵生产乳酸过程中,添加维生素对菌体生长、细胞活性、产酸,以及在碳流代谢中与乳酸生物合成密切相关的4种酶[乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDC)和丙酮酸羧化酶(PC)]活性的影响。结果显示:维生素添加促进了菌体生长,使乳酸产量提高了42.47%;同时降低了发酵过程中菌体的死亡率,降低的最大幅度可达53.46%;PFK和LDH的活性比对照有提高,最大幅度达62.30%和126.65%,PDC的活性在发酵中期也有一定的提高,但PC的活性变化很小。实验结果表明:组合维生素的添加可以提高乳酸菌的活性,同时使代谢通量有利于乳酸生成。     

不同碳源对E.adhaerens产维生素B12发酵代谢动力学分析

考察了Ensifer adhaerens (E.adhaerens)在不同碳源(麦芽糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖)条件下的生理代谢特性,并利用Logistic和Luedeking-Piret模型分析了黏着剑菌发酵过程生长动力学及产物合成动力学特性变化。结果表明,蔗糖能够显著促进E.adhaerens的生长和合成代谢,补料批培养条件下发酵单位分别比葡萄糖、麦芽糖、果糖组高出53%、40%、103%;发酵代谢动力学分析表明,不同碳源条件下,E.adhaerens生产维生素B₁₂(VB₁₂)呈现部分生长偶联型;蔗糖为最优碳源,最大比生长速率和最高发酵单位分别为0.054 h^-1和115 mg/L。E.adhaerens发酵过程中,蔗糖能够被逐渐分解为葡萄糖和果糖,维持合适的葡萄糖生成速率,用于提供足够的能量和前体用于菌体生长和VB₁₂合成,有效缓解了高质量浓度葡萄糖对菌体生长和产物合成的抑制。     

离子交换法吸附分离发酵液中的丙酸

比较了9种弱碱性阴离子交换树脂对费氏丙酸杆菌发酵液中丙酸的静态和动态吸附性能。结果表明：树脂ZGA330对含有12.6g/L丙酸的发酵液丙酸的静态吸附量最大,吸附量为44.9mg/g;动态吸附过程中对发酵液中主要营养成分糖、氨基酸吸附很少,而对丙酸吸附量高达205.5mg/g。成功地通过树脂吸附将发酵系统中的丙酸分离出去,实现了维生素B₁₂的高密度发酵,维生素B₁₂的产量由9.1mg/L提高到13.1mg/L,增加了0.44倍。研究结果为丙酸的发酵与吸附分离耦合过程研究提供了基础,丙酸吸附分离后的发酵液继续进行维生素B₁₂发酵生产可以解除丙酸的抑制作用,提高了维生素B₁₂的产量。     

粪产碱杆菌青霉素酰化酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的表达优化

在5L发酵罐中进行了表达粪产碱杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的重组枯草杆菌WB600(pMA5)的发酵研究。实验表明，发酵液中的葡萄糖浓度和菌体产酶能力密切相关，维持低葡萄糖水平，可以提高枯草杆菌WB600(pMA5)青霉素G酰化酶的合成能力。采用混合碳源进行发酵，在生长阶段流加葡萄糖，并维持低浓度，在发酵12h菌体浓度达到约13．8g／L时停止流加葡萄糖，使茵体利用发酵液中的可溶性淀粉作为碳源，避免葡萄糖的代谢副产物对茵体产酶能力的抑制，青霉素G酰化酶的表达水平从原来的55u／L提高到582u／L。     

天麻和苦荞复配液对灰树花胞外多糖合成的影响及其发酵动力学研究

通过向灰树花发酵体系中单一添加天麻醇提物、苦荞醇提物及两种提取物的复配液,研究其对灰树花菌体生长和胞外多糖合成的影响,同时对添加复配液后发酵体系中的残糖(还原糖)含量、pH值的动态变化进行研究。结果表明:当复配液中天麻醇提物添加量为7g/L、苦荞醇提物添加量为5g/L时效果较佳,相比空白组(未添加提取物)和单一添加组(天麻、苦荞),胞外多糖产量分别增加了49.08%、13.76%、33.88%,菌丝体生物量分别增加了51.10%、11.35%、26.69%,均显著地高于空白组(P＜0.01)和单一添加组(P＜0.05)。发酵动力学研究表明,灰树花菌体生长和胞外多糖产量在第7天达到峰值,复配组相对于空白组能消耗更多的碳源物质促进胞外多糖的合成。因此,天麻和苦荞中的有效成分能够显著促进灰树花菌体生长与胞外多糖的合成。     

丙酸盐引起麦白霉素生产菌株生长与代谢的改变

通过在培养基中添加一定质量浓度的丙酸盐,研究其对麦白霉素合成的影响。在发酵培养基中添加质量浓度为6×10-4g/mL的丙酸盐,不但能使麦白霉素的生物效价提高35.2%,而且能提高其组分中麦迪霉素A1的含量,但是添加丙酸盐对菌体的生长不利。发酵12 h添加丙酸盐,产物的合成受到相当大的抑制,且出现二次生长现象,最终菌浓比对照高出40%。发酵12 h添加丙酸盐对麦白霉素生产菌的影响可能是提高了生长代谢的通量,从而使代谢的产物合成通量降低。     

新型老年配方液态奶的研制

采用维生素B₁、维生素B₅、DHA、胆碱等原辅料,制成新型老年配方液态奶,达到预防阿尔茨海默等疾病的特殊生理功效。通过单因素实验对不同影响因素进行考察,运用正交试验找出较优液态奶配方。结果表明,较佳配方维生素B₁添加量为1.7mg/kg,维生素B₅添加量为11mg/kg,DHA添加量为300mg/kg,胆碱添加量为700mg/kg。较佳配方生产的产品中,维生素B₁含量为1.04mg/kg,维生素B₅含量为8.6mg/kg,DHA含量为253mg/kg,胆碱含量为547mg/kg,均能达到有效改善脑力健康的日摄入量。     

BluB cannibalizes flavin to form the lower ligand of vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is among the largest known non-polymeric natural products, and the only vitamin synthesized exclusively by microorganisms. The biosynthesis of the lower ligand of vitamin B(12), 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB), is poorly understood. Recently, we discovered that a Sinorhizobium meliloti gene, bluB, is necessary for DMB biosynthesis. Here we show that BluB triggers the unprecedented fragmentation and contraction of the bound flavin mononucleotide cofactor and cleavage of the ribityl tail to form DMB and D-erythrose 4-phosphate. Our structural analysis shows that BluB resembles an NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase, except that its unusually tight binding pocket accommodates flavin mononucleotide but not NAD(P)H. We characterize crystallographically an early intermediate along the reaction coordinate, revealing molecular oxygen poised over reduced flavin. Thus, BluB isolates and directs reduced flavin to activate molecular oxygen for its own cannibalization. This investigation of the biosynthesis of DMB provides clarification of an aspect of vitamin B12 that was otherwise incomplete, and may contribute to a better understanding of vitamin B12-related disease.     

甘蔗糖蜜发酵生产维生素B12的动力学模型

为明确甘蔗糖蜜发酵生产维生素B12的过程,在优化过的培养工艺基础上,以甘蔗糖蜜作为培养基,研究利用谢氏丙酸杆菌发酵生产维生素B12的动力学特性,通过利用Origin7.5软件对试验数据进行回归分析,采用Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和与Luedeking-Piret方程相似的基质消耗方程对发酵...     

青藏高原珍稀大型真菌亚东木耳菌丝发酵条件研究

为了更好地开发利用西藏珍稀大型真菌亚东木耳,对亚东木耳菌丝生长和次级代谢条件进行研究。考察了不同培养基成分和培养条件对亚东木耳菌丝生长速度、生物量和次级代谢产物产量的影响。结果表明,可溶性淀粉、酵母浸粉和CaCl₂分别为亚东木耳生长代谢的较佳碳源、氮源和无机盐,维生素B₁、B₂对菌丝生长无明显促进作用。较佳培养温度为26℃,较佳培养时间为63d,菌丝生长较佳初始pH值为7.0,较佳次级代谢初始pH值为6.0。HPLC图谱分析结果表明,次级代谢产物种类多达200余种,其中初始pH值和温度条件对次级代谢多样性的影响较为明显。     

管囊酵母D-21木糖乙醇发酵条件的优化

对一株能利用木糖产乙醇的管囊酵母D-21进行了发酵条件的优化,研究了接种量、氮源、碳源和维生素对乙醇产量和还原糖利用率的影响。结果表明:接种量过高会影响乙醇产量,以6%(体积分数)为宜;当木糖质量浓度为50 g/L,碳氮质量比为20∶1,使用酵母膏和尿素组成的复合氮源时(质量比为2∶1),发酵72 h后所得乙醇质量浓度为12.5 g/L,达到理论产量的55%;当木糖与葡萄糖的质量比为3∶1时,乙醇质量浓度为15.72 g/L,为理论产量的69%;在发酵培养基中添加质量分数为2×10-5维生素B6可使乙醇产量提高18.3%。     

Hydrogen production by mixed culture of several facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria

The characteristic of hydrogen production by facultative anaerobic bacteria, obligate anaerobic bacteria and their mixed culture was studied by the batch culture method. The results showed that, due to the synergistic effect between facultative bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, the ability of hydrogen production in the mixed culture was much better than that in the pure culture. Especially, the culture Scheme No.7 mixed up with three strains (Bacterium. E: Bacterium. B: Bacterium. P = 1:1:1) not only had the best hydrogen production capacity (1.885 mol H₂/mol glucose) and maximum average hydrogen production rate (212.2 mL/(L·h)), but also had stable hydrogen production under continuous culture conditions, which was 1.968 mol H₂/mol glucose.     

D-核糖发酵过程中的pH控制及对产D-核糖关键酶的影响

在枯草芽孢杆菌突变株D-756发酵生产D-核糖过程中,采用葡萄糖和葡萄糖酸钙混合发酵,葡萄糖酸作为pH调节剂,能促进菌体的生长,显著地提高D-核糖的产量。经酶活测定,发现流加葡萄糖酸能提高单位发酵液中葡萄糖酸激酶的酶活。在5L发酵罐中,利用葡萄糖酸维持发酵pH值在7．2,培养72h后产核糖76．8g／L。     

Optimization of butanol production from corn straw hydrolysate by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clostridium acetobutylicum</Emphasis> using response surface method

Butanol is a new kind of very potential biofuels.Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk was utilized in this study to produce butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8008.Plackett-Burman (P-B) design and Central Composite Design (CCD) were adopted to screen crucial factors during fermentation as well as the optimization of experimental conditions.The result demonstrated that among the seven factors,namely,Yeast extract,(NH 4) 2 SO 4,KH 2 PO 4,MgSO 4,FeSO 4,CuSO 4 and CaCO 3,only CaCO 3 was selected as the most critical factor.The optimization experiment results for CaCO 3 usage,temperature and reaction time by CCD were determined to be 5.04 g/L,35°C and 70 h,respectively.A corresponding mathematical model was established to predict the fermentation experiment and maximum butanol yield of 6.57 g/L was acquired.The result of verification experiment under the optimum conditions showed that 6.20 g/L was the maximum butanol yield.This demonstrated that statistical method was a powerful tool for the optimization of butanol production from enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk.     

Effect of B2O3 on the aqueous tape casting and microwave properties of Li2O–Nb2O5–TiO2 ceramics

The effect of B2O3 addition on the aqueous tape casting, sintering, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 ceramics has been investigated. The tape casting slurries exhibit a typical shear-thinning behavior without thixotropy, but the addition of B2O3 increases the viscosity of the slurries significantly. It was found that doping of B2O3 can decrease the tensile strength, strain to failure and density of the green tapes. The sintering temperature could be lowed down to 900℃ with the addition of 2 wt% B2O3 due to the liquid phase effect. No secondary phase is observed. The addition of B2O3 does not induce much degradation on the microwave dielectric properties. Optimum microwave dielectric properties of εr 67, Q×f 6560 GHz are obtained for Li2O-Nb2O5-TiO2 ceramics containing 2 wt% B2O3 sintered at 900 1C. It represents that the ceramics could be promising for multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) application.