面向低需求时空的实时预定公交动态调度系统

为改善城市低需求时空下交通供需不平衡问题,提出一种面向交通低出行需求场景的实时预定公交动态调度系统。当低需求时空下的出行者发出预定请求后,调度系统根据时空阈值筛选出满足条件的公交集;采用启发式最短路径算法和Python工具实现动态公交的路径规划;并利用响应判断函数计算出效益为正的公交子集,估算出公交预期到站时间并按到站时间由短至长排列出供乘客选择的公交方案,调度系统根据乘客选定方案指派公交并实时反馈公交信息给乘客。以重庆市396路公交线路为案例,验证了提出系统的可实施性;在三种乘客比例情景下测算乘客候车时间并与传统模式进行对比,结果表明,公交发车间隔增加20%时,乘客候车时间仍将减少53%以上。实时预定公交动态调度系统可有效提高低需求时空下乘客出行效率和公交运营效率。     

基于移动终端的主动预约式智能公交调度系统

针对我国城市近郊区公交系统智能化水平低、居民出行便捷性差等交通现状,在综合分析现有需求响应式交通系统(DRT)特点的基础上,结合互联网主动预约技术与车辆智能定位技术,提出了一种基于移动终端的主动预约式智能公交调度系统。将互联网移动终端、总调度控制中心与公交车辆作为一个整体系统,以乘客预约候车总人数与乘客最长等待时间为决策变量,通过引入相关阈值建立了基于乘客需求的发车间隔优化模型,并给出了发车时间间隔的求解方法。研究结果表明:与常规公交系统相比,基于移动终端的主动预约式智能公交调度系统能够有效地解决我国城市近郊公交运行效率低、乘客候车时间长、出行困难等交通问题,对于提高公交的便捷性与智能化水平具有积极的现实意义。     

可变线路式公交的两阶段车辆调度模型

针对可变线路式公交设计了一种可同时处理预约需求和实时需求的两阶段车辆调度模型.第1阶段模型以预约需求为服务对象,建立了以乘客出行成本和车辆运营成本最小为目标的路径优化模型,采用模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,获得车辆初始行驶路径方案.第2阶段模型以实时需求为服务目标,在原定行驶路径方案上利用启发式插入算法将4类乘客排入车辆行车计划中.基于实例的仿真试验验证了两阶段车辆调度模型的可行性,结果表明:通过提高乘客预约出行比例的方式可提升系统性能,本例中当乘客需求量达到25人/h、预约出行比例达到70%时,系统整体性能相较于纯动态需求条件下提升近10%.     

智能公交动态调度优化模型

利用先进的技术和设备实现公交的优化调度,充分满足人们的出行需要,是智能公交系统发展的目标.然而近年来中国智能公交发展在一定程度上出现过于追求先进性、忽略实用性、运营效果不理想、动态调度尚待充分开发等问题.结合中国智能公交系统现状,通过对智能公交调度系统和调度特点深入分析,在GPS定位、通信、计算机等技术的支持下,将动态交通状态信息与车辆定位信息有效融合,将智能化算法引入到公交运营调度中,建立了基于实时动态数据,兼顾乘客满意度和企业效益的动态调度优化模型.并且阐述了模型数据的自动采集方法、模型Matlab程式化的解法.结果表明,该模型可以显著提高公交车辆满载率、缩短乘客等车时间和减少车辆总班次,优化调度效果明显.     

考虑换乘时间需求的响应型接驳公交系统的协调优化

乘客换乘时间需求是响应型接驳公交提供换乘服务时应考虑的一个重要因素.为此,提出一种考虑换乘时间需求的响应型接驳公交运行路径与调度协调优化方法.首先,将乘客按是否有特定换乘班次需求进行分类;然后,以同时接送模式下响应型接驳公交为研究对象,以乘客与运营商的效用加权之和最大为目标,以乘客换乘时间需求、乘客预约时间窗、车辆容量、车辆单程最大行程时间等为约束,构建发车间隔和运行路径一体化的协调优化模型,并基于遗传算法设计求解算法;最后,以长沙市地铁一号线尚双塘站周边区域为例进行实例分析.结果 表明:与单接单送模式相比,同时接送模式系统的总效用提升了17.1％,同时接送模式的优越性显著;乘客换乘时间需求导致系统的总效用降低了9.42％,但考虑换乘时间需求提升了乘客的换乘效率,降低的系统总效用是可接受的;中小型车比较适合响应型接驳公交系统.     

基于多层次综合评价的公交运行瓶颈诊断

运行瓶颈诊断对公交发车时刻表调整和车辆调度优化具有重要意义。从公交乘客和公交运营企业的不同关切点出发,结合公交GPS和IC卡等实时运营数据,提出一种公交运行瓶颈诊断方法。在公交企业运营效益、公交乘客出行效率等因素分析的基础上,分别从站点层面提出公交车头时距、车辆延误度等运行评价方法,在线路层面构建公交行程时间与运输效益评价方法,以及基于站点、线路评价结果的线网层面综合分析方法。最后,利用案例获取的公交车位置、行驶速度、公交乘客数量等实时数据,以及公交站点、线路、线网和调度方案等静态数据,对所提方法进行检验。结果表明,公交运行瓶颈诊断结果与公交实际运行状况具有较高符合度,能够实时、有效反应公交运行状态,具有较好的工程实用价值。     

公共交通智能化调度系统实时网络优化模型与方法的研究

公共交通智能化管理系统的核心是公共交通智能化调度系统.智能化调度系统可以动态地获取实时公共交通信息,实现对公交车辆的实时监控和调度,是公共交通实现现代化管理的重要标志,能够完成乘客在出行时达到最优换乘.本文研究了城市公交交通智能化调度系统实时网络优化模型的建立与实施,旨在推动我国智能公交系统的快速发展.     

考虑实时需求的需求响应式公交调度方法研究

本文在车联网平台下进行需求响应式公交的调度方法研究,为出行者提供提前、实时双重预约模式下的高品质运输服务。首先进行调度目标和方法设计,然后平衡供给与需求两方的利益,充分考虑乘客多样化的出行需求,建立静态和动态两阶段的调度模型,分别运用遗传算法和精确算法对模型进行求解。最后,在实例分析中运用2种不同车型验证了所构建调度方法和模型的有效性。结果表明:载客量较大的车型所带来的综合效益较优,但载客量较小的车型能更好满足乘客的乘车时间要求。     

基于Visual FoxPro的公交运营调度系统管理平台开发

为充分利用电子、通信、计算机、GPS等现代高新技术对智能公共汽车运营调度提供的支持,本文利用Visual FoxPro开发公交运营调度系统计算机管理平台,该平台实现了公交运行实时数据的统计和快速处理,并考虑未来需求量和服务质量等因素,自动编制行车时刻表,从而提高了运营调度管理的智能化水平,提高了公交运营效益和乘客满意度,能够为现行公交行业实现先进的营运调度提供技术支持.     

考虑拥堵道路停车惩罚的定制公交调度研究

为了满足城市产业聚集区乘客出行的个性化需求，同时缓解路网过饱和问题，提出了考虑拥堵道路停车惩罚的定制公交调度模型。分析定制公交运营条件和调度规则，标定拥堵道路停车载客成本惩罚函数和违反乘客时间窗惩罚函数，以乘客在车时间成本、车辆运行时间成本、违反乘客时间窗惩罚成本和拥堵道路停车惩罚成本构成的系统总成本最优为目标，建立了响应实时需求的定制公交调度决策模型。设计了改进遗传算法和插入算法进行问题的求解，以中关村软件园为实例来验证模型和算法的有效性。结果表明，定制公交在班次时长、满载率以及成本控制等目标上均能达到预期效果，模型和算法具有一定的可行性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with