草海湿地保护区土壤重金属及其污染评价

通过对贵州草海湿地国家级自然保护区土壤采样实测重金属含量数据分析及土壤污染评价,结果表明：草海土壤重金属含量对照国标土壤二级限制值主要超标元素是镉、锌、镍,其次是砷、铬、铅,而铜、汞未超标。通过土壤污染物分担率和内梅罗污染指数总体与分区评价草海盆地型湿地重金属污染,反映出接近污染源区域和水流通道地段重金属污染加重。     

莆田市畜禽养殖场周边农田土壤重金属污染监测及评价

为掌握莆田市畜禽养殖场周边农田土壤重金属污染状况,选取城厢区灵川镇桂山村、涵江江口镇园顶村、秀屿区东峤镇东兴村3个规模化养殖场周边农田土壤作为调查对象,测试镉、汞、砷、铅、铬、铜、锌和镍8种重金属元素含量,对照标准评价土壤重金属污染程度。     

浙中地区水生蔬菜及其生长环境重金属污染调查与评价

通过对浙中地区主要水生蔬菜基地的铅、镉、铬、铜、锌、砷进行调查研究.结果表明:土壤重金属平均含量均高于背景值;水体中铅、铬、铜、锌平均含量较低,砷、镉未检测出.采用单因子污染指数与内梅罗综合污染指数相结合的方法对水生蔬菜污染情况及其生长环境质量状况进行评价.结果显示:土壤中镉的单项污染指数为5.37,其他几种重金属均小于0.70,说明调查区域的土壤受到重度镉污染,其他几种重金属污染不明显.综合污染指数为3.87,属于重度级污染;水体中重金属的单项污染指数均小于1,综合污染指数小于0.70,属于安全级.水生蔬菜重金属的单项污染指数大小排序为:铅(2.95)铬(2.24)锌(1.54)镉(0.53)铜(0.40)砷(0.27),表明调查区域水生蔬菜已经受到铅、铬污染,锌轻污染,而镉、铜、砷没有构成污染.综合污染指数为2.29,表明各重金属对水生蔬菜的复合污染属中度级污染.     

土壤环境质量综合评价方法探讨

土壤重金属的污染会对生态系统产生严重的危害,已经引起广泛关注。矿山开采、金属冶炼、燃煤、工业废水等是重金属人为污染源。为了评价兖矿地区的重金属分布的状况,采用网格布点法,对兖矿地区的农田进行采样并分析,对土壤中的铅、镉、锌和镍等六种重金属含量进行检测,获得了大量数据。基于内梅罗污染指数提出了加权土壤污染评价指数,并用GIS展绘成图。结果表明,一部分地区表土中重金属含量较高,镍、镉等重金属有可能对该地区农业生产构成威胁,应当引起足够的重视。     

普朗铜矿土壤中7种重金属检测和污染评价

通过对普朗铜矿土壤中铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)7种重金属元素的含量分析,采用单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法综合评价当地土壤中重金属污染状况和土壤质量.     

新乡市污灌农田中重金属的污染状况调查

为了研究新乡市污灌农田受重金属的污染情况,本文调查了污灌土壤中多种重金属的含量.土壤中重金属总量试验结果表明:污灌土壤中的锌、铜、铅含量在国家标准以内,镍、镉含量超标,土壤已明显受到重金属镍、镉的污染.连续提取法对超标重金属镍、镉形态分级实验表明:镍主要以铁锰氧化态、有机态和残渣态为主,在不同的采样点,三者占总含量的71%~81%.镉主要以碳酸盐结合态、可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态为主,三者占总含量的94%以上.镉的存在形态易于被植物吸收,因此危害更大.     

“宝钢”地区环境(土壤、作物)基底研究

本文探讨宝钢周围地区土壤、作物重金属和氟的基底浓度.在调查地区进行土壤和作物的采样和实测,表明该地区除了靠近吴淞工业区地段外,未受广泛而严重的重金属和氟污染.局部地区氟污染已危害作物和牲畜.土壤上下层锌镉比和土壤、作物锌镉比表明锌比镉更易在谷物中积累;镉只是残留在土壤表层,而锌则趋向于在土壤剖面中均匀分布. 运用对数距离与对数金属浓度回归分析,表明该地区农业土壤的重金属污染主要呈东南到西北方向,污染源来自吴淞工业区.     

湘西典型锰渣库主要优势植物种类及重金属耐性特征

【目的】采取植被重建方法治理锰渣库重金属污染。【方法】全面调查了湘西典型锰矿区的植被资源,并对矿区的主要优势植物及根际土进行了重金属检测分析。【结果】湘西锰渣库现有高等植物35种,隶属32个属,15个科,其中空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、野菊(Chrysanthemum indicum)、加拿大飞蓬(Erigeron canadensis)、鸭跖草(Commelina communis)、商陆(Phytolacca acinosa)、日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、狗尾草(Setaria plicata)、魁蒿(Artemisia princeps)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)等11种植物为湘西典型锰矿区的优势植物,植物体内重金属镉、锰、铅和锌的含量均高于正常植物重金属含量,为重金属耐性物种。锰矿区土壤中镉、锰、铅和锌平均含量分别为22.15,7 442.16,824.04和1 096.64 mg·kg-1,明显高于国家土壤质量三级标准和湖南省土壤重金属元素背景值。对优势植物重金属含量的分析表明,野菊、鸭跖草、商陆、日本看麦娘、狗尾草、马唐的重金属转移系数大于1,表现出较强的向茎叶转移的能力,具有重金属蓄积的特征,可用于重金属轻度污染土壤的修复。空心莲子草、鬼针草、加拿大飞蓬、狗牙根、魁蒿的重金属转移系数小于1,表明它们向茎叶转移重金属的能力较差,具有重金属规避特征,可用于重金属重度污染土壤的修复。【结论】重金属规避型植物适合种植在重金属污染严重、使用价值相对较低、面积较大的矿山废弃地。     

海口市龙华区河道底泥重金属污染生态风险评价

选取龙华区河湖等11个水体,设计20个取样断面进行底泥采样,分析底泥样品重金属(锌、铜、镍、镉、铅、汞、砷、总铬)含量,采用潜在生态风险指数法和污染负荷指数法对其重金属污染状况进行评价。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明,底泥中重金属镉污染较为严重,11个水体中有9个水体底泥样品中镉污染因子Cif1,其余重金属中除锌表现出轻微污染外,均未发现污染情况,综合评价指标污染度Cd8,潜在生态风险指数RI150,表明测试底泥样品属于低风险水平;污染负荷指数法评价结果表明,底泥样品中锌、铜、镉和铅的最高污染系数最高,综合评价参数点位污染指数(PLI)和区域污染指数(PLIzone)均小于1,表明测试底泥样品整体无污染。     

“宝钢”地区环境(土壤、作物)基底研究

本文探讨宝钢周围地区土壤、作物重金属和氟的基底浓度。在调查地区进行土壤和作物的采样和实测,表明该地区除了靠近吴淞工业区地段外,未受广泛而严重的重金属和氟污染。局部地区氟污染已危害作物和牲畜。土壤上下层锌镉比和土壤、作物锌镉比表明锌比镉更易在谷物中积累;镉只是残留在土壤表层,而锌则趋向于在土壤剖面中均匀分布。运用对数距离与对数金属浓度回归分析,表明该地区农业土壤的重金属污染主要呈东南到西北方向,污染源来自吴淞工业区。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the