A novel route of furan compounds syntheses

A series of compounds that contained furan skeletons were synthesized using 3,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)furan as staring material. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and EA had identified these new molecules. The important factors that influenced reactions were discussed, and the new furan intermediates could be used in various organic syntheses.     

影响无机共价分子键角的因素

键角是决定物质分子空间结构的一个重要因素,与键长一起决定着物质分子的极性和对称性,从而影响物质的物理和化学性质。本文对影响无机共价分子中键角的因素进行了较系统地分析和总结,掌握这些影响因素可实现对分子键角大小的准确判断,更好地运用无机结构相关理论知识。     

聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料研究进展

从聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料的类型和制备方法、结构与性能表征等方面,总结了聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料的研究进展.利用插层复合原理制备各种聚合物/层状无机物纳米复合材料,赋予材料独特的结构,更优异的力学,热学,电、磁和光学及其气体阻隔性能,具有重要的科学意义和应用前景.     

The synthesis of organic and inorganic compounds in evolved stars

Recent isotopic analysis of meteorites and interplanetary dust has identified solid-state materials of pre-solar origin. We can now trace the origin of these inorganic grains to the circumstellar envelopes of evolved stars. Moreover, organic (aromatic and aliphatic) compounds have been detected in proto-planetary nebulae and planetary nebulae, which are the descendants of carbon stars. This implies that molecular synthesis is actively happening in the circumstellar environment on timescales as short as several hundred years. The detection of stellar grains in the Solar System suggests that they can survive their journey through the interstellar medium and that they are a major contributor of interstellar grains.     

能量代谢障碍性痴呆大鼠模型的建立

目的 :建立一种相对简便、快速的能量代谢障碍性痴呆大鼠模型。方法 :SD大鼠随机分为叠氮钠海马损毁组及生理盐水对照组。损毁组动物分别在双侧海马CA1区微量注射质量分数5 %叠氮钠 1μL ,3d内连续注射 3次 ,每天一次。最后一次注射后第 3d开始进行Morris水迷宫行为测定 ;最后灌注、固定 ,进行脑组织形态学检查。结果 :水迷宫检查结果显示叠氮钠海马损毁组大鼠平均逃避潜伏期延长和错误次数增多与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;透射电镜观察表明叠氮钠海马损毁组海马神经元内线粒体数量明显减少 ,并伴随线粒体固缩、出现空泡等现象 ;同时细胞核出现空泡变性和溶解等改变。结论 :在海马内分次微量注射呼吸链复合体Ⅳ抑制剂叠氮钠 (NaN3)可建立起一种相对快速简便的能量代谢障碍性痴呆大鼠模型。     

一种无机化学分类图及其在酸碱反应方程式配平中的应用

根据Sereda提出的无机物分类图,将其应用到高中化学特别是酸碱反应的教学中,帮助学生记忆和掌握无机化学的化合物名称以及它们之间的化学反应方程式,以降低学生在学习无机化学过程中的记忆难度,提高学生学习无机化学时的学习兴趣和学习效率.     

新型透明材料在太阳能集热器上的应用

新型透明材料在太阳能集热器上的应用焦小浣，孙玉晴（陕西省物理研究所，陕西师范大学实验中心，西安７１００６２１第一作者，女，４０岁，副教授）近年来，在太阳能辐射透过材料的研究和选用上，合成材料正在与传统的玻璃竞争．玻璃固有的身重、易碎和难以加工成曲面或...     

新奇有机化合物的合成

本文综述了近年来具有奇异结构的新有机化合物的合成,根据化合物的结构特征及性质大致可分四类:1、高张力化合物;2、多面体化合物;3、芳香化合物;4、其它.     

含硫醌型平面杂环化合物的合成研究

研究了２,３－二氯－１,４－苯醌和二硫代草酰胺的反应,合成了三个具有平面型结构的含硫萘醌杂环化合物,该类杂环化物可以作为分子内电荷转移复合物的给体或是其它有机电导和有机光导材料的合成原料,所合成的化合物,经过熔点测定,元素分析和红外光谱分析确证了它们的结构。此外,本文还探讨了该类化合物的合成机理和影响合成反应的条件。     

一个新的拓扑指数用于有机化合物的QSPR/QSAR研究

基于分子图的邻接矩阵和距离矩阵，提出了一个新的拓扑指数ZH，该拓扑指数易于计算，对75种链烷烃有较高的区分能力，通过适当的处理可方便地推广到含杂原子体系．该指数与饱和烷烃的正常沸点等理化性质，及某些脂肪醇的毒性和疏水性参数均具有较好的性质相关性．绝大多数理化性质与ZH指数均能建立简单线性模型，且相关系数均大干099．     

A novel type of cardiac calcium channel in ventricular cells

Calcium influx is vital for several aspects of cardiac activity, so it is important to ask if heart cells possess a single or multiple types of Ca channel. Only one Ca channel type has been identified in patch-clamp studies of unitary current, despite suggestions to the contrary from whole-cell recordings in heart cells and unitary recordings from other cells. Here we describe a novel type of cardiac Ca channel with several properties that distinguish it from the hitherto-identified Ca channel in heart cells. Its conductance in isotonic Ba is small (8 pS), and is no larger in Ba than in Ca. It activates and inactivates at relatively negative potentials and remains functional long after patch excision. It is insensitive to dihydropyridines such as nimodipine and the Ca agonist Bay K 8644, and is more resistant to block by external Cd than the previously described type of cardiac Ca channel.     

A novel type of human papillomavirus associated with genital neoplasias

The role of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in the development of genital neoplasias has been well documented. The genomes of two HPV types, HPV16 and HPV18, have been found to be associated with about 70% of invasive carcinomas of the uterine cervix. As, under non-stringent hybridization conditions, HPV DNA sequences have been detected in about 90% of cervical carcinomas, it seems likely that additional HPV types are associated with these tumours. Here we report the molecular cloning and characterization of a novel HPV type, tentatively named HPV33, whose sequences have been detected in 4-8% of biopsies of genital intra-epithelial neoplasias and cervical invasive carcinomas, usually as free monomeric or oligomeric molecules. However, in one specimen of vulvar Bowen's disease, HPV33 DNA sequences were integrated in the host-cell genome. Thus, HPV33 probably represents an additional type of potentially oncogenic genital HPV.     

高盐稀态酱油挥发性风味物质的分离、鉴定－修改

本文分别采用固相微萃取(SPME)、同时蒸馏萃取(VSDE)和直接溶剂萃取(DSE)法对高盐稀态酱油挥发性风味物质进行了分离、浓缩,并利用气质联用(GC-MS)对其挥发性风味物质进行了鉴定。共鉴定出147种风味化合物,其中酸类17种、醇类12种、醛类16种、酯类36种、呋喃（酮）12种、酮类13种、杂环化合物14种、酚类8种、吡喃（酮）6种、吡嗪类4种、吡咯（酮）3种、含硫化合物6种。研究结果表明高盐稀态酱油主要挥发性风味化合物为酯、酸、醛、杂环化合物和醇类;其中酯类化合物的数量和相对含量最多。此外,与日式和韩式酱油中的关键风味化合物相比,16种关键风味化合物在国产高盐稀态酱油中被检出。     

A novel artificial anal sphincter system based on transcutaneous energy transmission

For controlling anal incontinence, a new artificial anal sphincter system (AASS) with sensor feedback based on transcutaneous energy transmission is developed. The device mainly comprises an artificial anal sphincter (AAS), a wireless power supply subsystem, and a communication subsystem. The artificial anal sphincter comprises a front cuff and a sensor cuff placed around the rectum, a reservoir sited in abdominal cavity and a micropump controlling inflation and deflation of the front cuff. There are two pressure sensors in the artificial anal sphincter. One can measure the pressure in the front cuff to clamp the rectum, the other in the sensor cuff can measure the pressure of the rectum. Wireless power supply subsystem includes a resonance transmit coil to transmit an alternating magnetic field and a secondary coil to receive the power. Wireless communication subsystem can transmit the pressure information of the artificial anal sphincter to the monitor, or send the control commands to the artificial anal sphincter. A prototype is designed and the basic function of the artificial anal sphincter system has been tested through experiments. The results demonstrate that the artificial anal sphincter system can control anal incontinence effectively.     

A new atmospherically relevant oxidant of sulphur dioxide

Atmospheric oxidation is a key phenomenon that connects atmospheric chemistry with globally challenging environmental issues, such as climate change, stratospheric ozone loss, acidification of soils and water, and health effects of air quality. Ozone, the hydroxyl radical and the nitrate radical are generally considered to be the dominant oxidants that initiate the removal of trace gases, including pollutants, from the atmosphere. Here we present atmospheric observations from a boreal forest region in Finland, supported by laboratory experiments and theoretical considerations, that allow us to identify another compound, probably a stabilized Criegee intermediate (a carbonyl oxide with two free-radical sites) or its derivative, which has a significant capacity to oxidize sulphur dioxide and potentially other trace gases. This compound probably enhances the reactivity of the atmosphere, particularly with regard to the production of sulphuric acid, and consequently atmospheric aerosol formation. Our findings suggest that this new atmospherically relevant oxidation route is important relative to oxidation by the hydroxyl radical, at least at moderate concentrations of that radical. We also find that the oxidation chemistry of this compound seems to be tightly linked to the presence of alkenes of biogenic origin.     

Localisation of phencyclidine-induced changes in brain energy metabolism

The abuse of phencyclidine [1(1-phencylohexyl)piperidine, PCP], commonly referred to as angel dust or hog, is rapidly reaching epidemic proportions. PCP users often appear violent and increases in PCP-implicated homicides and suicides have been reported. In animal studies PCP has been demonstrated in brain up to 48 h after administration, long after blood levels become undetectable. However, there is little further information on the distribution of PCP within the central nervous system with regard to the possible sites of action. Recently, Sokoloff and associates described a new technique which can be used to visualise possible sites of drug action. The technique is based on the premise that neuronal activity is closely related to energy metabolism. Therefore, by directly monitoring 2-deoxy-D-glucose consumption before and after a pharmacological stimulus, we can obtain autoradiographic evidence of changes in neuronal activity in discrete areas brain as a response to that stimulus. Using this procedure, we now report that PCP causes dramatic changes in glucose metabolism in very specific regions of the rat brain.     

多杂原子化合物的设计与合成

通过Vilsmeier反应合成了4-[N-甲基-N-苯基]氨基苯甲醛中间体,该中间体与芳香胺类化合物反应,设计合成了3个新的多杂原子稠环化合物,并通过核磁氢谱、红外光谱、元素分析对它们进行了结构表征。     

不对称合成新型的吲哚螺-2,3-二氢呋喃衍生物

在辛可宁的作用下,以靛红衍生物(N-甲基-3-羟基-2-吲哚酮)和氰基苯乙烯衍生物为原料,1,3,5-三甲苯为溶剂,合成了一系列的新型的手性吲哚螺-2,3-二氢化呋喃衍生物.该反应产率较高(90%~99%),选择性较好,而且操作简单、后处理方便.产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振谱(1H,13C)及高分辨质谱法表征.