黄土高原不同地貌类型区全新世植被变化研究

总结了24个具有年代控制的全新世剖面的孢粉记录后,得出以下主要认识:一是孢粉资料揭示出黄土高原不同地貌类型的全新世植被类型存在差异,在基岩山地和河谷地带全新世曾发育有森林植被,而黄土塬面上和黄土/沙漠过渡地带全新世植被以草原为主,未见森林植被.二是考虑到年代误差范围,尽管黄土高原不同地貌单元的全新世植被类型不同,但植被变化反映的环境演化格局基本一致,即早全新世黄土高原气候较干燥,中全新世气候温暖湿润,晚全新世气候又开始变干.     

白龙江流域全新世泥石流与环境演变的初步研究

根据黄土－古土壤沉积序列研究和野外考察资料并结合放射性＾１４Ｃ测年,初步确定嘉陵江上游白龙江流域全新世泥石流共分三期,时代分别为７０００－６０００ａＢＰ、４０００ａＢＰ和２０００ａＢＰ。研究表明,泥石流频繁爆发于古气候由寒冷向温暖转换的波动时期。     

同江地区中全新世以来的植被与环境研究

根据对黑龙江省同江县 96 QP剖面孢粉分析和14 C测年 ,从下至上可划分为 4个孢粉组合带 :Ⅰ带是以蒙古栎—桦属—蒿属—苔草属—禾本科—水龙骨科为主组合带 ;Ⅱ带是以蒿属—莎草科—禾本科—桦属—栎属为主组合带 ;Ⅲ带是以桦属—蒙古栎—松属—蒿属—莎草科—禾本科为主组合带 ;Ⅳ带是以松属—桦属—蒙古栎—蒿属—苔草属为主组合带 .这 4个孢粉组合带清楚地反映了古植被、古气候演替的 4个阶段 ,依次为 :①温性落叶阔叶林 ,②针、阔叶混交林—草原 ,③以落叶阔叶树稍多的针、阔叶混交林—草原 ,④以松占优势的针、阔叶混交林 .其气候变化是温暖湿润—温和略干—温和略湿—温凉湿润的过程     

黄土高原全新世孢粉古植被地方性分异研究

在利用剖面孢粉数据准确恢复古植被类型时,存在较大的地方性差异,本文选取岐山、西峰、耀县、秦安、定西、宝鸡等不同位置、不同地貌类型的几个剖面全新世孢粉资料,利用孢粉百分含量与浓度数据,通过对比统计,得出剖面孢粉组合的地方分异性特征.建议为准确恢复古植被类型,应依据本剖面的孢粉资料分析结果,并考虑大的气候背景条件和具体地点的地理位置,地貌类型等小环境因素决定的地域性规律,来修正古植被类型.     

温州湾地区全新世沉积环境演变

通过对研究区内三个典型钻孔岩芯的沉积相识别标志的综合分析,并对比研究区内其它地方近百个钻孔岩性资料,确定了划分全新世和更新世的标志层,论述了温州湾地区全新世以来的沉积环境演变和气候变迁过程。     

陇中黄土高原全新世植被变化及干旱事件的孢粉记录

甘肃定西、秦安等地5个全新世黄土沉积剖面的孢粉记录,分别以每个样品分辨率为200—20 a,揭示了研究区1万多年以来古植被曾经历过草原、森林草原(或疏林草原)、针叶林或温带森林以及荒漠草原几种植被的多次演化过程.大部分时间内是以草原或森林草原(或疏林草原)植被为主.在全新世中期,约7.6—5.9 kaBP有近1700a时间发育有森林植被,在这个时期当地自然植被覆盖度较高,反映当时气候环境比较温湿.而草原或疏林草原发育时期植被往往较稀疏,反映气候相对的干冷.根据出现的不同类型植物的孢粉浓度及其生态环境特性,结合地层、有机质、粒度、蜗牛化石和炭屑等其他代用指标分析结果反映,早中全新世是比较温暖湿润的时期,大约在8.8—5.8 kaBP高湿润期最明显,呈现湿地/沼泽沉积地层;自3.8 kaBP以后孢粉成分、含量和浓度明显降低,植被开始向荒漠草原化演变,气候环境总的变化趋势是逐渐变冷干.以苏家湾和大地湾剖面为例,根据云杉含量和针叶树种总量以及花粉总浓度计算结果推测,全新世可能存在着7次较明显的气候干寒事件.     

南京江北地区全新世环境演变的沉积学研究

通过区域地貌调查及对南京浦镇林峰桥剖面沉积物进行粒度、地球化学和稳定碳同位素等环境替代指标的分析研究 ,结果表明 :本区在 140 0 0aBP左右先后经历了沼泽扩张期 ,此后气候变干 ,沼泽开始退缩 ,直至消失 ,在经过了长时间的沉积间断后又经历一次洪水泛滥期 .经过新仙女木期(10 2 0 0～ 10 80 0aBP)的寒冷期后进入了全新世的增温期 .后又经历多次冷暖波动 ,在 756 2± 90aBP～ 380 0aBP全新世最适宜期增温事件后 ,受 14～ 19世纪小冰期气候的影响 ,气候又开始向冷干转变 .同时在研究中还发现 ,古洪水多发生在气候转型期 ,因此笔者提出古洪水的发生可能与全球气候变迁历史中的突变事件有某种必然的联系 .     

全新世环境演变沉积信息管理系统

对国内外环境演变研究概况以及环境演变信息的管理现状进行充分了解后,结合全新世环境演变研究常用的代用资料,建立起全新世环境演变沉积信息管理系统（SIMS）。系统提供多种查询方式,既可应用本系统进行单一或综合信息查询,也可调用MapInfo软件,实现空间地图查询方式,为环境演变研究工作者管理、获取信息提供了便利和一个较友好的工作平台。此外,系统还有一个简易的分析模块,为研究者能够基于此平台进一步综合集成开发已有的各种信息提供了可能。     

末次间冰期陇西黄土记录与气候不稳定性问题的初步研究

陕西黄土高原黄土记录的分辩率较高，Ｓ１古土壤厚达８．５ｍ，主要由两个古土壤组和其间黄土层组成。临夏塬堡剖面上可分为５个古土壤层，主要黄土层记录了末次间冰期内的较干冷高粉尘堆积时期。     

基于CLM模型的植被覆盖变化对黄土高原气温和降水的影响研究

黄土高原位于我国第二阶梯,地理环境复杂,生态环境脆弱。本文结合GIMMS/NDVI遥感数据与气象站点观测资料开展诊断分析研究,并将其与模型模拟试验相结合,通过这种方法来研究黄土高原地区植被覆盖与气温和降水之间的作用关系。研究结果表明,黄土高原地区的NDVI、气温和降水量均具有明显的季节变化特征;1982—2006年,区域滑动平均NDVI、气温和降水的线性变化斜率分别为5E-04/10a、0.061℃/10a和-0.492mm/10a;研究区域内NDVI与气温和降水的同期滑动平均相关系数分别为0.459和-0.23,且均存在较明显的空间差异。应用CLM陆面过程模型的模拟结果表明,植被覆盖增加后,植被覆盖发生变化地区的净短波辐射有所增加,净长波辐射有所减少,导致地表吸收净辐射有增加趋势;研究区域内的感热通量和潜热通量均有所增加,且潜热通量的增加更为明显,这可能对植被覆盖增加后气温的降低产生一定影响;研究区域内的土壤含水量和地表蒸散均呈增加变化,这可能导致降水增加。但是,植被覆盖增加对区域气温降低和降水增加的影响作用有限。     

Vegetation and climate changes during the last 8660 cal. a BP in central Mongolia, based on a high-resolution pollen record from Lake Ugii Nuur

Based on modern pollen studies and reliable chronology of nine AMS 14C dates, a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes during the past 8660 cal. a BP was reconstructed by a high-resolution pollen record from Ugii Nuur in central Mongolia. Poaceae-steppe dominated the study area and the climate was mild and semi-humid before 7800 cal. a BP with a noticeable cool and humid interval at 8350―8250 cal. a BP. Xerophytic plant increased and the climate became warm and dry gradually since 7800 cal. a BP...     

Pollen records of Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the Longzhong Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Pollen records with an average time resolution of 20-200 years from Holocene loess sections at Dingxi, Qin'an, and other localities of Gansu Province reveal a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes in the western Loess Plateau. For most time of the Holocene, the landscape was dominated by grasslands or forest steppes. However, during the middle Holocene (7.5-5.8 ka BP), relatively dense forests developed, and the endemic vegetation flourished, suggesting a much warmer and more humid climate condition than the present. Superimposed upon this general pattern are several dry intervals marked by the episodic expansion of grasslands or forest steppe. Xeric vegetation expanded after 3.8 ka BP, indicating a trend towards dry conditions.     

Pollen records of Holocene vegetation and climate changes in the Longzhong Basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau

Pollen records with an average time resolution of 20—200 years from Holocene loess sections at Dingxi, Qin'An, and other localities of Gansu Province reveal a detailed history of vegetation and climate changes in the western Loess Plateau. For most time of the Holocene, the landscape was dominated by grasslands or forest steppes. However, during the middle Holocene (7.5—5.8 ka BP), relatively dense forests developed, and the endemic vegetation flourished, suggesting a much warmer and more humid climate condition than the present. Superimposed upon this general pattern are several dry intervals marked by the episodic expansion of grasslands or forest steppe. Xeric vegetation expanded after 3.8 ka BP, indicating a trend towards dry conditions.     

An ice-core record of vegetation and climate changes in the central Tibetan Plateau during the last 550 years

We present a 550-year ice-core pollen record with a 5-year resolution from the Puruogangri ice field in the central Tibetan Plateau.Analysis of the relationship between pollen record and instrumental observations suggests that the sum of the steppe and meadow pollen taxa is a good indicator of summer (June-August) temperature,whereas the ratios of Cyperaceae/(Gramineae+Artemisia) [Cy/(G+A)] as well as M/S (meadow to steppe percentages) are indicative of humidity changes in this region.Together with δ18O and...     

Pollen record from red clay sequence in the central Loess Plateau between 8.10 and 2.60 Ma

The origin and development of Asian monsoon circula-tion, the desertification and aridification of Asian inland in relation to vegetation evolution and the soil erosion in northwest China have been more and more drawing inten-sive scientific and society attention. Recently the studiesof monsoon evolution from some Tertiary Red Clay sec-tions located at the central Loess Plateau in the eastern Liupan Mountains, based on chronology, dust flux, grains size, magnetic susceptibility, and rates o…     

Peat record reflecting Holocene climatic change in the Zoige Plateau and AMS radiocarbon dating

Through the use of reliable AMS dating of high resolution (15-30 years) peat and the establishment of monsoon climate proxies sequence, we have been able to recognize several cold, dry events in the Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene. The more obvious ones occurred around 12800, 11300, 10200, 9580, 8900, 6400, 4400, 3700, 2800 and 1500 cal. aBP. These events correlate well with both ice rafting events recorded in high latitude North Atlantic Ocean sediment cores and cooling events in the low latitude SST. Spectral analysis indicates high frequency climate variation on centennial-millennial time scale during the Holocene. This further reflects Holocene climate instability and the existence of centennial-millenium scale rhythm in mid latitude areas as well.