血管内皮生长因子研究进展

血管内皮生长因子是一种有效的血管形成和血管通透性诱导因子,特异性地作用于血管内皮细胞,具有维持血管正常状态和完整性、增加血管通透性、促进血管生成的作用。在正常成人和动物组织中表达水平较低,一些代谢旺盛、血供丰富的组织中VEGF表达水平略高,一些病理情况下可以过度表达。     

罗氏公司血管内皮生长因子抗体技术专利分析

 检索了罗氏公司血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)抗体相关专利申请情况,分析了贝伐珠单抗和兰尼单抗的技术研发路线、罗氏公司VEGF抗体相关在华专利布局情况,对其未来技术研发趋势和方向进行了预测。     

血管内皮生长因子与急性白血病骨髓的血管新生

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在急性白血病及其骨髓的新生血管之间的关系,为白血病的治疗寻找新的治疗方法。方法:查阅总结近15年来国内外相关文献,对VEGF的性质作用特点以及与急性白血病的关系进行综述。结果:白血病细胞表达较高的VEGF,VEGF促使血管生成和内皮细胞增生,白血病细胞与骨髓新生血管之间存在密切的关系。结论:抗VEGF和抗新生血管治疗有可能成为治疗急性白血病的新的思路和方法。     

Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on angiogenesis of the endothelial cells isolated from cavernous malformations

Human cerebral cavernous malformation （CM） is a common vascular malformation of the central nervous system. We have investigated the biological characteristics of CM endothelial cells and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CM angiogenesis to offer new insights into exploring effective measures for treatment of this disease. The endothelial cells were isolated from CM tissue masses dissected during operation and expanded in vitro. Expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 was examined with immunocytochemical staining. Proliferation, migration and tube formation of CM endothelial cells were determined using MTT, wounding and transmigration assays, and three-dimensional collagen type I gel respectively. The endothelial cells were successfully isolated from the tissue specimens of 25 CMs dissected without dipolar electrocoagulation. The cells show the general characteristics of the vascular endothelial cells. Expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 on the cells is higher than that on the normal cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. After treatment with VEGF, numbers of the proliferated and migrated cells, the maximal distance of cell migration and the length and area of capillary-like structures formed in the three-dimensional collagen gel increase significantly. These results demonstrate that expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 on CM endothelial cells is up-regulated. By binding to receptors, VEGF may activate the downstream signaling pathways and promote proliferation, migration and tube formation of CM endothelial cells. VEGF/VEGFR signaling pathways play important regulating roles in CM angiogenesis.     

VEGF165过表达对小鼠乳腺癌及肿瘤周边皮肤血管生成模式的影响研究

已证实乳腺癌细胞表达有VEGF165的第3个受体NRP1,但目前在乳腺癌细胞中过表达VEGF165对肿瘤周围血管生成模式的影响尚未有人研究.通过脂质体转染的方法得到稳定转染过表达VEGF165的细胞克隆,皮内接种研究其对周围皮肤生血管模式的影响.结果显示VEGF165在乳腺癌中过表达可使肿瘤周围皮肤产生树状血管生成模式,且会诱导不成熟的血管生成并致出血.稳定过表达VEGF165的乳腺癌克隆的建立,为进一步研究过表达VEGF165对乳腺癌的影响奠定了基础.     

A peptide fusion protein inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by blocking VEGF binding to KDR

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its tyrosine kinase receptors (KDR/FLK1, Flt-1) induces angiogenesis. In search of the peptides blocking VEGF binding to its receptor KDR/FLK1 to inhibit tumorangiogenesis and growth, we screened a phage display peptide library with KDR as target protein, and some candidate peptides were isolated. In this study, we cloned the DNA fragment coding the peptide K237 from the library, into a vector pQE42 to express fusion protein DHFR-K237 in E. coli M15. The affection of fusion protein DHFR-K237 on endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis was investigated. In vitro, DHFR-K237 could completely block VEGF binding to KDR and significantly inhibit the VEGF-mediated proliferation of the human vascular endothelial cells. In vivo, DHFR-K237 inhibited angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoric membrane and tumor growth in nude mice. These results suggest that K237 is an effective antagonist of VEGF binding to KDR, and could be a potential agent for cancer biotherapy.     

SHR血压升高前后心肾脑VEGF的变化

运用免疫组化SP法及计算机图像分析技术,对SHR大鼠幼年(6周,n=15)、成年(12月,n=15),以及正常血压对照组大鼠京都Wistar(Wistar-Kyoto,WKY)幼年(6周,n=10)、成年(12月,n=10),4组大鼠心肌、肾脏、大脑切片VEF蛋白的表达水平进行了定量分析;探讨了自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensiverat,SHR)血压升高前后心肌、肾脏、脑内血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)表达水平的变化及其意义;发现在4组大鼠心脏各部、肾小球内、大脑皮质等处均观察到散在分布的VEGF免疫反应阳性细胞,阳性反应物呈棕色颗粒状,位于胞浆中。12月龄SHR组表达水平较其它三组均高(P<0.05),阳性细胞数多且灰度值低(P<0.05);而6周龄、12月龄WKY及6周龄SHR三组间表达水平差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结果表明随着成年SHR大鼠血压的升高,心肌、肾脏、脑内VEGF蛋白的表达水平上调,可能是对高血压所致的靶器官缺血缺氧的一种代偿反应,对微血管的新生和存活有积极意义。     

黄芪丹参配伍提取物经VEGF、Ang1／Tie2通路对MI大鼠血管新生的病理影响

为观察黄芪、丹参配伍提取物对心肌梗死大鼠VEGF（vascular endothelial growth factor）、血管生成素Ang1及其受体酪氨酸激酶Tie2信号通路的表达影响。通过心肌梗死大鼠模型复制成功后分为假手术对照组、模型组、黄芪、丹参配伍提取物低、中、高剂量组,分别予以对应药物灌胃4周。观察大鼠一般生活状态,并分别采用HE染色和免疫组织化学染色测试大鼠心肌组织病理形态结构和VEGF、Ang1、Tie2的蛋白表达。结果表明：模型组心肌结构紊乱伴有炎性侵润,VEGF、Ang1和Tie2蛋白表达较假手术对照组有所增加（P＜0.05）;低、中、高剂量组随着药物浓度梯度增加,心肌结构逐渐规整,内皮细胞完整、新生血管增多,与模型组比较差异显著（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。可见黄芪、丹参配伍提取物可以上调心肌梗死大鼠VEGF、Ang1和Tie2的表达,促进血管新生。     

A role for VEGF as a negative regulator of pericyte function and vessel maturation

Angiogenesis does not only depend on endothelial cell invasion and proliferation: it also requires pericyte coverage of vascular sprouts for vessel stabilization. These processes are coordinated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) through their cognate receptors on endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), respectively. PDGF induces neovascularization by priming VSMCs/pericytes to release pro-angiogenic mediators. Although VEGF directly stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration, its role in pericyte biology is less clear. Here we define a role for VEGF as an inhibitor of neovascularization on the basis of its capacity to disrupt VSMC function. Specifically, under conditions of PDGF-mediated angiogenesis, VEGF ablates pericyte coverage of nascent vascular sprouts, leading to vessel destabilization. At the molecular level, VEGF-mediated activation of VEGF-R2 suppresses PDGF-Rbeta signalling in VSMCs through the assembly of a previously undescribed receptor complex consisting of PDGF-Rbeta and VEGF-R2. Inhibition of VEGF-R2 not only prevents assembly of this receptor complex but also restores angiogenesis in tissues exposed to both VEGF and PDGF. Finally, genetic deletion of tumour cell VEGF disrupts PDGF-Rbeta/VEGF-R2 complex formation and increases tumour vessel maturation. These findings underscore the importance of VSMCs/pericytes in neovascularization and reveal a dichotomous role for VEGF and VEGF-R2 signalling as both a promoter of endothelial cell function and a negative regulator of VSMCs and vessel maturation.     

红景天苷上调大鼠心肌梗死后心肌组织VEGF的表达

目的:探讨红景天苷对大鼠心肌梗死后心肌组织血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达调控作用及其可能机制。方法:建立大鼠心梗模型后,随机分为模型组、红景天苷3个不同剂量组,每组8只大鼠,另设假手术组8只。术后48 h,红景天苷组分别给予低、中、高,即10,20,40 mg·(kg·d)-1灌胃;模型组和假手术组给予生理盐水20 ml·(kg·d)-1灌胃。4周后处死大鼠,取大鼠心肌组织,反转录PCR(RT-PCR)法测定VEGF mRNA的表达。应用免疫组化和免疫印迹法分析左心室心肌组织VEGF蛋白的表达情况。结果:RT-PCR结果表明,和模型组相比,红景天苷各剂量组VEGF mRNA的表达均明显升高(P<0.01)。免疫组化和免疫印迹分析结果表明,和模型组相比,红景天苷各剂量组心肌组织胞浆中VEGF蛋白的表达均显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:红景天苷通过上调VEGF的表达而促大鼠心肌梗死后心肌组织的血管新生。     

白藜芦醇诱导VEGF表达促进缺血再灌注小鼠新生血管形成

研究白藜芦醇能否诱导小鼠缺血,再灌注后缺血区域新生血管形成及其与血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)表达的相关性,用90只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为单纯缺血组、白藜芦醇组及假手术组,采用大脑中动脉线栓法制作局灶性脑缺血模型,免疫组化法测定微血管密度,Western blot检测VEGF蛋白表达.结果白藜芦醇处理组与单纯缺血对照组微血管计数存在差异,并且有统计学意义(P<0. 05),白藜芦醇处理组在各时间点VEGF蛋白表达水平均较高(P<0.05).说明白藜芦醇可以诱导脑缺血后VEGF早期表达,促进缺血区域新生血管形成,发挥脑保护作用.     

重构新型血管内皮生长因子在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化与功能鉴定

血管内皮细胞生长因子为内皮细胞特异的刺激因子,在缺血治疗中具有应用前景.本文通过PCR的方法将VEGF165纤溶酶酶切位点突变并将肝素结合域融合到VEGF165的C末端,且将其进行了酵母表达,并纯化了酵母表达产物,对它的生物活性进行了初步鉴定.结果表明,改构的VEGF可形成蛋白二聚体,且仍保留体外刺激血管生成的能力.VEGF的重构成功与表达产物的获得,为进一步研究其功能奠定了基础.     

血管内皮生长因子在大鼠乳腺炎中的作用

应用组织化学方法及免疫组化技术对正常组和急性攻毒组大鼠乳腺组织血管内皮生长因子（Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor,VEGF）的表达水平、肥大细胞的活力和炎性细胞的动态变化进行了研究.结果表明,急性攻毒后6 h乳腺组织VEGF在腺泡间、小叶间质、血管周围及部分肥大细胞内的表达出现一个峰值,而后表达开始减弱,攻毒48 h后表达又迅速增强;攻毒组大鼠的肥大细胞及其脱颗粒和炎性细胞随着攻毒时间的延长急剧增多,均极显著高于正常组（P〈0.01）,且其变化趋势均与VEGF表达趋势相吻合;同时,小叶间质内的小血管内皮细胞开始出现裂隙、脱落损伤.由此表明,VEGF和肥大细胞参与大鼠乳腺炎的发病过程.     

MVD及VEGF表达与鼻咽癌侵袭转移关系的研究

为探讨微血管密度（ＭＶＤ）及血管内皮生长因子（ＶＥＧＦ）的表达与鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）侵袭转移关系,在分子水平干预肿瘤血管生成,预防ＮＰＣ复发和转移打下基础,采用免疫组织化学Ｓ－Ｐ法检测了７３例ＮＰＣ,１５例鼻咽良性肿瘤、２０例无瘤鼻咽部石蜡标本组织中的ＭＶＤ及ＶＥＧＦ表达,ＮＰＣ中转移组４９例,非转移组２４例。     

Identification of an angiogenic mitogen selective for endocrine gland endothelium

The known endothelial mitogens stimulate growth of vascular endothelial cells without regard to their tissue of origin. Here we report a growth factor that is expressed largely in one type of tissue and acts selectively on one type of endothelium. This molecule, called endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF), induced proliferation, migration and fenestration (the formation of membrane discontinuities) in capillary endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. However, EG-VEGF had little or no effect on a variety of other endothelial and non-endothelial cell types tested. Similar to VEGF, EG-VEGF possesses a HIF-1 binding site, and its expression is induced by hypoxia. Both EG-VEGF and VEGF resulted in extensive angiogenesis and cyst formation when delivered in the ovary. However, unlike VEGF, EG-VEGF failed to promote angiogenesis in the cornea or skeletal muscle. Expression of human EG-VEGF messenger RNA is restricted to the steroidogenic glands, ovary, testis, adrenal and placenta and is often complementary to the expression of VEGF, suggesting that these molecules function in a coordinated manner. EG-VEGF is an example of a class of highly specific mitogens that act to regulate proliferation and differentiation of the vascular endothelium in a tissue-specific manner.     

Expression of LIF,VEGF, CD57 and CD68 after the transfer of rat embryos to mouse uteri

The high failure rate of interspecific preganacy is a major obstacle to the successful interspectific cloning of mammals,To in vestigate the reasons for the failure of inter-specfic pregnancy between rats and mice,we transferred rat blastocysts into mouse uteri on the third day of pseudopreg -nancy (D3),oure previous study showed that intact rat embryos could still be observed in mouse uteri on D9.In the present study ,we found that expression of CD57 and CD68 increased significantly at the maternal -fetal interface fol-lowing the transfer of rat embryos,Similarly ,Leukaemia inhibitory factor(LIF) expression increased ,but vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expession decreased,In a co-culture system ,the percentage of rat ectoplacental cones (EPCs) with adhesion and outgrowth and outgrowth area on mouse uterine decidual cells were less than that of mouse EPCs,These results indicate that an increase in the immunological rejection response and a decrease in the in vasiveness of rat embryos may be important reasons for the failure of interspecific pregnancy between rat and mouse.     

川芎嗪调控哮喘大鼠气道中VEGF和iNOS表达对气道重塑的影响

目的深讨川芎嗪调控哮喘大鼠气道中血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）表达对气道重塑的影响。方法将30只Wistar雄性大鼠中按随机数字表分为3组，每组10只。对照组分别于第0、7和14天腹腔注射生理盐水2ml，分别于第加～29，47，61，73～75天用37℃生理盐水雾化吸入，1次／d，10min／次；哮喘组用卵蛋白粉（OVA）10mg、氢氧化铝20mg制成2ml悬液代替生理盐水，余同对照组；干预组于雾化吸入前1h腹腔注射川芎嗪2mg，余同哮喘组。末次激发24h后行肺泡灌洗，回收肺泡灌洗液（BALF），测VEGF和iNOS的浓度。取右下肺组织切片作常规HE染色，测定气道内周径（Pi），外周径（Pe），并计算管壁面积（WA），气道平滑肌面积（SMC—A）。结果哮喘组气道中VEGF与iNOS浓度、WA／Pi和SMC—A／Pi比值明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）；干预组气道中VEGF与iNOS浓度、WA／Pi和SMC—A／Pi比值明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），但明显低于哮喘组（P〈0．05）。VEGF和iNOS浓度与WA／Pi和SMC—A／Pi比值作相关分析均呈正相关性。结论川芎嗪可能通过下调哮喘大鼠气道中VEGF和iNOS表达，抑制气道重塑。     

雌激素刺激脑血管内皮细胞分泌VEGF及新血管形成

为了探讨雌激素对脑血管形成的影响,本实验利用体外培养的种植在matrigel上的脑血管内皮细胞作为模型,对雌激素刺激形成的新生血管进行照相记录,计算机软件分析.结果显示:雌激素呈剂量依赖性地刺激培养的脑血管内皮细胞分泌VEGF和新血管形成,而雄激素对培养的脑血管内皮细胞新血管形成没有任何影响;VEGF可以显著地促进内皮细胞新血管的形成.以上结果说明,雌激素通过刺激VEGF的分泌作用进而促进脑血管内皮细胞新血管的形成.     

Pathophysiological consequences of VEGF-induced vascular permeability

Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis, it also disrupts vascular barrier function in diseased tissues. Accordingly, VEGF expression in cancer and ischaemic disease has unexpected pathophysiological consequences. By uncoupling endothelial cell-cell junctions VEGF causes vascular permeability and oedema, resulting in extensive injury to ischaemic tissues after stroke or myocardial infarction. In cancer, VEGF-mediated disruption of the vascular barrier may potentiate tumour cell extravasation, leading to widespread metastatic disease. Therefore, by blocking the vascular permeability promoting effects of VEGF it may be feasible to reduce tissue injury after ischaemic disease and minimize the invasive properties of circulating tumour cells.     

Anti-angiogenesis effect of generation 4 polyamidoamine/vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on breast cancer in vitro

Objective: To study the effects of the generation 4 polyamidoamine/vascular endothelial growth factor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN) compound on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its mRNA of breast cancer cells and on the inhibition of vascular endothelial cells. Methods: We examined the morphology of G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN compound and its pH stability, in vitro transfection efficiency and toxicity, and the expressions of VEGF and its mRNA. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect the inhibitory function of the compound on vascular endothelial cells. Results: The compound was about 10 nm in diameter and was homogeneously netlike. From pH 5 to 10, it showed quite a buffered ability. The 48-h transfection rate in the charge ratio of 1:40 was 98.76%, significantly higher than that of the liposome group (P<0.05). None of the transfection products showed obvious toxicity on the cells. The expressions of both VEGF protein and its mRNA after G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN transfection decreased markedly. Conclusion: With a low toxicity, high safety, and high transfection rate, G4PAMAM/VEGFASODN could be a promising gene vector. Specifically, it inhibits VEGF gene expression efficiently, laying a basis for further in vivo animal studies.