Community Organizations in Venezuela: Toward the Disintegration of the Modern State and the Emergence of a "Community Organized" Society?

This paper argues that Venezuelan community organizations (COs) are playing a substantial role in the building of a new social order in which elements such as rights, equity, and justice are being displaced from a universal narrative toward more local narratives. This displacement is enwrapped in a discourse on the political participation of citizens in the running of public affairs, which implies a redefinition of the role of COs and the state beyond the usually accepted sphere of COs. The need to unfold the sense of COs thus becomes paramount for understanding our present and its current manifestations of an epochal change.     

Creating Public Spaces and Practiced Places for Democracy,Discourse, and the Emergence of Civil Society

A question before us in the process of creating public spaces and practiced places for democracy and civil society concerns what democracy means for civil society and what civil society means for democratization of the national state in a globalizing world? In this article the author discusses the meaning of democracy and civil society, and the relation each shares. Following, the author examines the nature of space through the work of [Lefebvre H (1991) The production of space. (Trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith). Blackwell, Oxford, Cambridge, Mass] drawing on the work of the French theorist to construct a tripartite model of public space. As well, the author examines the notion of creating practiced places for democracy civil society, drawing on the work of [de Certeau M (1984) The practice of everyday life. University of California Press, Berkeley] to understand the interplay of discourse in reconfiguring space as a practiced place. The author also examines social space and power-geometry as it relates to creating public spaces and practiced places for democracy and civil society. In the final section, the author provides reflections on the work that lies ahead for democratization of the nation-state and the emergence of democratic civil society.     

系统论视阙下的澳门行政改革之路径分析

系统理论及其方法是现代管理科学的理论基石,是认识组织运行及其管理活动规律的一把钥匙。公共行政系统作为社会大系统中的一个子系统,具备系统的特征和演化机制,本文认为,系统的问题必须以系统的方法进行解决,因此针对澳门公共行政改革当前的处境,本文提出采用系统论（System Theory）的观点和方法,从系统论的目的性、突变性、整体性、生态性等层面,对澳门公共行政改革的路径进行更深入地探究和分析。     

农村公共产品供给的政府管理创新

从体制、机制层面分析了农村公共产品的供给障碍，再从管理创新的角度提出要通过构建以政府为主导的成本分摊机制、以需求为主导的供给决策机制、以效率为主导的供给运作机制以及合理的供给优先顺序，强化政府为农村供给公共产品、提供公共服务的职能，最后对农村公共产品供给方式和手段的创新提出了一些政策建议。     

公共危机管理的系统突现分叉机理及其启示

运用系统科学的自组织涨落与分叉机制以及协同作用原理分析公共危机形成的机理。公共危机发生的实质可以看成是社会系统的各种突现分叉。作为系统的突现演化的自组织机制,不仅为公共危机管理的理论分析提供了一个新的视角,而且对公共危机管理的实践也具有重要启示。     

系统科学视域中的突发公共事件及对策分析

突发公共事件的突发性、动态性、复杂性和不可预测性迫切需要用系统科学的方法对其进行研究。文章采用系统科学的视角,把突发公共事件看作一个复杂性系统,从事件的产生过程分析事件的成因、特点,根据事件的成因过程提出政府要担当主导事件的序参量,把握事件发展趋向。为此,政府要注意事件和时间流逝的内在关系,降低事件发展的不确定性;打破主客二元关系,获得有效消息;重视信息反馈,输出合目的性信息,此外,政府还要重视细节,避免因细小因素对社会系统进化过程中造成的重大扰动。     

公企业框架下利益相关者诉讼的博弈分析

通过对利益相关者之间、利益相关者与代理人之间的博弈分析,论证了利益相关者诉讼的有效实现对均衡的影响,进而得出利益相关者诉讼制度是利益相关者实现有效治理的内在要求,利益相关者诉讼制度使利益相关者有途径去实现有效治理,最终将使公企业利益损失得到有效遏制,从而论证了在公企业中建立以利益相关者诉讼为核心的多元诉讼制度的必要性.     

基于ITS环境的公共汽车交通换乘时间最短调度问题研究

基于智能交通运输系统的背景，研究提供公共交通信息的条件下公交换乘时间最短的调度问题，提出线性规划模型，并用界例进行了演示。其研究成果对于改善城市的公共汽车交通，发展先进的公共汽车交通系统具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。     

The Dark Side of the Moon—Unilluminated Dimensions of Systems Practice

This paper explores some of the unilluminated or less explicit aspects of issues faced by those using systems approaches in real-world problem situations. The paper contends that discourse on systems approaches tends to be dominated by rational logical aspects of methodology, though other aspects of the intervention process, such as political dimensions of legitimacy, have become more important in the last 10–15 years. Unsurprisingly the discourse has been different for different methods. Method has been largely invisible in the hard systems area (or at least relatively little discussed), and although it has been the subject of much debate in the soft systems area, the debate has been nonetheless narrowly defined. It is narrowly defined in its relative neglect of process aspects for conducting a systems study. Since the nature of these processes (for example, the client/consultant relation) changes from hard systems to soft systems to critical systems in a way that makes social process progressively a more important dimension of each approach, this aspect has featured more in discourse on critical systems, but in general it remains a curious area of neglect. There is increasing interest in this area, and some signs that relevant theory and practice from closely related domains is being accessed to strengthen these approaches. This paper attempts to make a contribution by outlining and discussing some areas that could usefully complement existing systems approaches. The paper considers the following areas: (a) client relations, (b) analyst role, (c) language and communication, (d) group processes, (e) culture (and rationalities), (f) information gathering techniques and processes, and (g) change management or implementation. The paper draws on experiences of systems practices in the literature, interviews with systems practitioners, and writings in related areas. The paper ends by discussing some of the implications of these issues for the development of well-rounded systems approaches.     

城市房价为何不同:公共服务对房价的影响

本文研究城市基本公共服务差异对住房市场的影响,实证考察城市基本公共服务在住房市场发展中的作用及其影响机制.本研究基于2006-2014年我国29个大中城市的基本公共服务数据,采用熵值法计算出各城市每年的基本公共服务指数,并运用面板回归模型实证分析了城市的基本公共服务对商品住宅销售价格的影响.研究发现,医疗资源对住房市场的影响十分显著,对于一线城市更是如此,医疗资源的集中是引起一线城市商品住宅销售价格上涨的重要因素.本研究的政策含义在于,合理统筹医疗、教育等资源,推动区域基本公共服务均等化,有利于促进我国住房市场健康发展,有利于构建住房市场以及房地产市场长效调控机制.同时,统筹城市公共服务和制定房地产调控政策应做到因地制宜、因城施策.     

Morality materialized: Notes on public prevention as a policy system

Public prevention is discussed as a policy system that owes its coherence to a number of “constitutive principles” rather than to an institutional fabric of its own. Notions from Luhmann's autopoietic social systems theory are combined with some recent developments in discourse analysis to outline this discussion theoretically. As to the constitutive principles, first, it is argued that public prevention is negatively constituted by its divorce from the regular healthcare system. Second, it is demonstrated that the constitutive principles of the public prevention system itself stem from the basic insecurities of this type of social policy. Public prevention strategies always have to impose themselves on existing (social) policy fields, and, more importantly, they often intrude upon people's private lives. That is why they tend to locate responsibility “outside,” moralizing the environment and moralizing things.     

Auditing as the Dissolution of Corruption

This paper develops a new discourse of control. The new discourse rejects the view that control is achieved through inspections and information alone, and supports the view that effective control means self-control and effective communications, both being necessary conditions to enable organizations to perform well. In this discourse, corruption is taken to be, among other things, the outcome of fragmentation in communications. Therefore, a movement toward a recursive organization of the State is offered as a way to countering corruption. This discourse was developed during a project for Institutional Change and Strengthening implemented at the Contraloría General de la República (CGR), in Colombia from 1995 to 1998. As part of the discourse we offer a distinction among traditional auditing practices, second-order auditing, and integrated systemic auditing practices.     

Social Systems Design as a Vehicle Towards Local Public e-Services for and by Citizens

The need for increased user participation and involvement in the process of designing and developing public e-Services has been emphasized in recent years. User involvement is critical to success in the development and implementation of public e-Services, and many visions and efforts are focused on citizen participation in the design and development process. In this article, concepts of Social Systems Design are analysed in the context of local public e-Services in order to improve potential to meet the requirements for user participation and involvement. Results show that the ideas of Social Systems Design, where applicable, can contribute to user-centred development of local public e-Services, and can form a foundation for the development of methods that utilize user participation and involvement. However, further research requires empirical studies.     

景区公共卫生设施优化规划研究

根据景区内公厕使用的情况,综合考虑影响公厕使用的因子,结合Poisson过程,建立了一套公厕合理分布的数学模型来计算景区内应该建立的公厕数量与公厕合理分布的方案。     

基于局域交互和全局广播的创新传播模型研究

考虑公共媒体对创新传播的影响,本文提出基于网络局域交互和全局广播的创新传播模型,该模型既考虑了创新传播过程中邻居节点之间的交互作用,也考虑了公共媒体对创新传播的影响。实证网络数据集上的仿真结果表明在公共媒体宣传力度有限的情况下,局域交互特性对创新传播具有重要影响。进一步的分析表明,结合网络结构和创新传播机制的节点影响力评价指标可以准确地对创新传播中的节点影响力进行排序,相对于度、紧密度等方法,该方法的Kendall's Tau可以提高39.19%,35.61%和33.03%。     

基于随机边界与分位回归的我国新股发行定价行为

运用随机边界模型的极大似然方法估计1998～2007年间我国新股发行的定价前沿,发现我国新股存在"真实发行抑价",然后基于分位数回归模型分析了我国新股发行定价的影响因素,结果表明不同发行价格水平新股的定价影响机制并不相同.这一结论可以为证券监管部门以及发行公司本身提供政策借鉴作用.     

微博舆论场:突发事件舆情演化分析的新视角

微博舆论场逐渐成为了突发事件网络舆情的策源地,在舆情生成演化中扮演重要角色.本文以微博舆论场为研究视角,首先运用超网络建模理论,构建了集社交、信息、心理、观点四层子场为一体的微博舆论场超网络模型,并对各层子场内部以及子场间关系进行建模分析;然后提出了微博舆论场超网络模型的衡量指标,对微博舆论场"场强"进行了量化分析;最后使用社会计算和数据挖掘算法,定量分析了微博舆论场对新进入的无知者和感染者的作用过程,以及对新个体发生作用后,微博舆论场中舆情的演化.以期对突发事件舆情态势进行预测预警,为舆情干预治理提供理论依据,有效引导突发事件舆情良性发展.     

Evaluating Climate Change Discourse in New Zealand

Issues of social responsibility, ethics and interdependence, as well as the pragmatic imperative to better understand complexity, require that diverse viewpoints be invited and given credence by policy makers seeking imaginative ‘solutions’ to climate change. This paper explores the statutory introduction of biofuels into New Zealand by way of the discourses that preceded this decision. This inquiry used Critically Systemic Thinking and ‘Mode 2’ Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to engage with multiple stakeholders to the Biofuels policy to discover how the discourse was conducted. It concludes that the process of policymaking was framed in technical rationalist terms thereby favouring certain ‘worldviews’ over others. Accordingly, a model of ‘ideal’ discourse and decision making for governing the conduct of future public discourse is presented. This inquiry assists in re-establishing SSM as a rigorous and reflexive approach to analysing a complex issue and for enhancing collective learning into its content and process.     

替代型公共品提供的激励问题博弈分析

运用非合作博弈方法,建立带参数的替代型公共品提供博弈,分析公共品自愿提供过程中,政府策略选择对促进个体行为的影响,以及贡献者的策略选择问题,并进一步讨论公共品自愿提供的激励机制。通过构造公共品提供的合作博弈,得到其核心与公共品提供的林达尔配置统一,因此是满足个体理性和集体理性的配置方式。     

基于复杂系统观的城市群公共危机形成机理研究

本文剖析了城市群公共危机的复杂特性,用社会燃烧理论和熵与自组织理论分析城市群公共危机的形成机理,从公共危机的复杂性意识、危机信息系统的建设和演化仿真模型的构建三个方面,提出应对城市群公共危机的建议。