随机过程可分性的一个注记

本文对《概率论基础和随机过程》(王寿仁著,科学出版社,1986年出版)一书中有关可分过程的性质作一个补充注记.     

《本草纲目》中的"龙"

明代李时珍的《本草纲目》(以下简称《纲目》)成书于万历六年(1578年),收载药物1892种,系统地总结了十六世纪以前我国药物以及民间流传的医药经验,是我国药物学、植物学、动物学等方面宝贵的遗产.万历十八年(1590年)刊印后,曾多次复刻,并有多种外文译本在国外流传,为世界有关学者所重视.龙在我国古代视为神异的动物.《纲目》卷四十     

欲望:时代与人性的"推背式"思考—从祢衡的《鹦鹉赋》看其"恶魔"意识

在我们的文化语境中,很多人认为中国人在潜意识中是重视集体,而忽略个人的,尤其是在中国古代.但是,祢衡的《鹦鹉赋》展示了中国古代文人既重视个性的张扬,又存在着所谓的"大局意识".     

中国古代纺纱图像信息及其研究的问疑

对于中国古代纺纱史文本的书写而言,中国古代纺纱图像信息的研究非常重要.对刘仙洲先生所藏的《手摇纺车图》、泗洪曹庄出土的"脚踏纺车图"、《王祯农书》和《农政全书》刊出的脚踏纺车图进行考证.结果表明:①刘仙洲先生所藏《手摇纺车图》为伪图,这导致中国古代手摇纺车形制变迁为手拨轮辐传动纺车→手摇曲柄轮制传动纺车(绳为辋)→手摇曲柄轮制传动纺车(木为辋);②泗洪曹庄出土的脚踏纺车图可能有问题,不应成为中国脚踏纺车的佐证,另外《王祯农书》、《农政全书》中的有些脚踏纺车是不可能进行操作的;③中国古代脚踏纺车的定形似乎比手摇纺车要早,这是一个非常奇怪的现象.     

古典概率解题注记

<正> 本文的目的在于:对目前见到的一个概率问题的两种解法提出一点看法.并给出该问题的正确解法。在此基础上,概率论中的等可能性解题作点注记。 (一)一个概率问题 复旦大学数学系编《概率论》中有这样一个概率问题:     

斐波那契《计算之书》中与中国古代数学相近的算题与算法

通过对斐波那契LiberAbaci英译本《计算之书》(BookofCalculation)的翻译,发现在斐波那契的书中不仅有许多与中国古代数学相近的问题,更重要的是引述了与中国古代数学相近的算法,如分数算法、衰分算法、盈不足术.对《计算之书》的翻译,展示了13世纪东方数学向西方传播的历史画卷,对《计算之书》中与中国古代数学相近的问题和算法的深入研究,将有助于揭开中国古代数学如何传入西方的谜底.     

"称兄道弟"考释

"称兄道弟"一词,《现代汉语词典》(修订版)、《辞海》(修订版)、《辞源》(修订版)、《汉语大词典》均未收.刘洁修《汉语成语考释词典》收.《古代汉语》编者注云:"兄:本指哥哥,这里用于同辈间的尊称."又注云:"弟:同辈间男子年纪小的.这里是同辈间的谦称."鲁迅《两地书》中称许广平为"广平兄".章炳麟写给语言文字学家杨树达的信的开头,称杨为"遇夫(杨树达字)兄鉴",而自称"弟章炳麟顿首".旧时代,很多人家的堂屋供奉着"天地君亲师"的牌位,"师"虽排在最后,但却与"天地君亲"并列.这说明,师生之间确实是论辈分的."称兄道弟"的准确释义也就出来了,即:朋友之间,同学之间,师生之间,不计年龄大小,不论辈分高低,尊称对方则称"兄",谦称自己则称"弟".     

文树德教授的中国医学研究之路

文树德(Paul Ulrich Unschuld)教授,1943年生,德国人,医史学家.专攻中、欧医学及生命科学比较史,尤擅长医学思想史、伦理史研究.1969年开始研习中医药学.1984年任教授,1986年任慕尼黑大学医史研究所所长.主要著作有《中国医学:药学史》、《中华帝国的医学伦理》、《中国医学思想史》、《什么是医学:东西方的治疗之道》.主要译著有《难经》、《黄帝内经素问译注》、《被忘却的中国古代医学传统》(即徐大椿《医学源流论》,1754年).近20年来他的医史研究领域有了新的拓展,将近500年间的文物与手抄本作为重要中医史料来源,显示其非常开阔的研究视野.     

《齐民要术》中酿造用植物资源及其相关传统知识的整理

《齐民要术》是现存最为完整的中国古代农学巨著之一,主要记载了我国古代劳动人民在日常生产实践中所积累的经验.对《齐民要术》所记载的酿造(酿酒、酿醋、作鼓、作酱)过程中所使用的植物资源(主要为酿造用植物原料、特殊的添加物、酿造过程的物候指示植物)和传统知识进行了整理,从而为进一步研究《齐民要术》的科学价值提供基础资料.     

杨铨与"中国无科学"问题

杨铨在1914年12月发表的《科学与中国》一文首先提出并讨论了“中国无科学”的问题,与任鸿隽从科学方法入手探讨这一问题不同,他是从社会和文化方面加以研讨的.文章还简略讨论了中国科学社早期成员对待中国古代科学的认识及其转变.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-