载体的酸处理条件对整体式钌-堇青石催化剂性能的影响

研究了堇青石经硝酸处理后对整体式钌基氨合成催化剂性能的影响.利用BET、XRD、X射线荧光半定量分析(XRF)和Boehm滴定等测试手段对酸处理前后的堇青石进行表征,并对催化剂的反应性能进行评价.结果表明:堇青石经硝酸处理后,Mg、A l离子溶出,载体表面酸性增强,并且随着酸处理强度的增加,表面酸性进一步增加,与未经酸处理的堇青石相比,总酸量可以增加一个多数量级.同时,酸处理条件对堇青石的表面织构也有较大的影响,如温和的酸处理条件并不能改变堇青石的孔结构以及比表面积,而苛刻的酸处理条件可以有效地提高堇青石的比表面积、比孔容积,改善堇青石的孔径分布.但是,酸处理并没有改变堇青石载体的物相结构.催化剂的活性随着堇青石载体的酸处理强度的增加而降低,即比表面积越大、表面酸性越强催化剂的活性越低,可见,载体的表面酸性是决定催化剂活性的主要因素.     

SAPO-34/堇青石整体式催化剂的制备及其催化甲醇制烯烃性能

采用气相转移法(Q)、原位合成法(Y)和涂覆法(Z),制备出了3个系列的不同SAPO-34含量的SAPO-34/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用XRD和N₂吸脱附等分析测试技术表征了催化剂的结构,在固定床反应器上评价了整体式催化剂的甲醇制烯烃反应性能。结果表明：3个系列的SAPO-34/堇青石整体式催化剂堇青石表面SAPO-34分子筛的基本骨架没有发生大的改变,气相转移法制备的催化剂具有相对较大的比表面积,原位合成法制备的催化剂具有相对稍大的孔径。在催化剂的SAPO-34含量相近的情况下,气相转移法制备的催化剂具有最好的催化性能;以(Q)19.7%SAPO-34/堇青石整体式催化剂为例,在反应温度380~420℃、空速520~810mL/(g·h)的条件下有利于低碳烯烃的生成。在400℃和670mL/(g·h)的反应条件下,低碳烯烃的选择性最高,乙烯和丙烯的选择性分别可达到40.91%和32.80%,乙烯和丙烯的总选择性能达到73.71%。     

蜂窝状筛网催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NO的动力学

将蜂窝状筛网催化剂应用于以NH3为还原剂选择性催化还原（SCR）NO的反应中。蜂窝状筛网催化剂的高开孔结构，使其较粉末催化剂具有较低的压力降，较蜂窝状堇青石催化剂具有较高的传质系数。对峰窝状筛网催化剂进行了活性考察，同时与粉末催化剂、蜂窝状堇青石催化剂的活性加以对比，并进行了反应动力学行为的分析。结果表明：蜂窝状筛网催化剂在低温下（T＜493K），反应主要受化学动力学控制，传质系数随温度的升高而增加；高温下（T＞513K），反应受传质控制，此时蜂窝状筛网催化剂（传质系数的平均值为8．13s^-1）较蜂窝状堇青石催化剂（传质系数的平均值为5．14s^-1）具有更高的传质系数。     

HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂的制备及催化性能

以整体式堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为载体,经预处理后涂覆HZSM-5分子筛,制备出含不同HZSM-5质量分数的HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂。采用XRD和BET对催化剂的结构进行了表征,在常压微型固定床反应装置上评价催化剂的甲醇制烯烃反应性能,并考察了催化剂中HZSM-5分子筛的质量分数、反应温度、气体空速等与烯烃组成分布的关系。结果表明：HZSM-5/堇青石整体式催化剂中仍保持HZSM-5分子筛的XRD特征衍射峰;催化剂的比表面积、孔体积随着HZSM-5质量分数的增加而增加;催化剂中HZSM-5分子筛质量分数为22.5%时具有最好的活性,在反应温度为380℃、气体空速为820mL/(g·h)的条件下,乙烯的选择性为35.22%,丙烯的选择性为30.95%。     

利用累托石合成堇青石

利用湖北省钟祥累托石作为合成堇青石的主要原料,主要研究了堇青石熟料对合成堇青石性能的影响.试验表明:加入30%堇青石熟料的坯料性能最好,且合成温度低,合成的堇青石机械强度高,热稳定性好,热膨胀系数为2.934×10-6/℃(Rt～1000℃).     

Fe/TiO2/堇青石催化KBH4水解析氢性能研究

以涂敷二氧化钛(TiO2)的蜂窝状堇青石(2MgO2.A l2O3.S iO2)为载体,用水热合成法负载铁盐,经500℃焙烧及硼氢化钾(KBH4)浸渍后,合成了Fe/TiO2/堇青石催化剂.实验研究表明,经KHB4浸渍后的催化剂催化析氢性能明显改善,常温下0.45g该催化剂于质量浓度约为10%的KBH4溶液中催化析氢速率可达30m l/m in,产率接近100%.XRD及XPS测试结果表明,催化剂经KHB4浸渍后,氧化态铁被还原为单质铁,从而使催化剂具有优良的催化析氢性能.     

一种新型分子筛/堇青石整体式稀燃催化器的开发应用

应用原位合成技术制成了TS-1分子筛／堇青石整体式稀燃催化剂，用来转化稀燃汽油机NOx排放．采用X射线衍射(XRD)、电子显微镜(SEM)和感应耦合等离子体(ICP)等表征手段验证了分子筛薄层成功地生长在堇青石载体上，且催化剂具有好的热稳定性．在台架试验上，该稀燃催化器对NOx的转化效率可达40％，对HC和CO的转化效率也分别达到79．4％和27．4％。     

钴的负载量对制备碳纳米管-堇青石复合载体的影响

用钴作为催化剂催化裂解乙炔在整体式堇青石表面生长碳纳米管,制备碳纳米管-堇青石复合载体,并用SEM、N2物理吸附等方法对生成的碳纳米管的微观结构和复合载体的宏观结构进行了表征.结果表明,所得碳纳米管具有螺旋状多壁,均匀覆盖在堇青石表面.所制备的碳纳米管能渗透生长到堇青石内部,在超声破坏处理后仍能保持较高的附着度.在堇青石上生长碳纳米管能有效地提高堇青石载体的比表面积、比孔容积和载体的中孔数量,改善载体的孔分布.钴催化剂负载量对复合载体的性质有较大影响,随着负载量的增加,碳纳米管数量增多并变粗,复合载体的含碳率增加,同时复合载体的平均孔半径变小.     

堇青石质蜂窝陶瓷载体的表面改性

用硝酸溶液对堇青石质蜂窝陶瓷样品进行处理，以堇青石为第1载体，浸渍涂覆掺杂稀土离子的自制γ-Al2O3为第2载体，以增加堇青石质蜂窝陶瓷的比表面积．加入镧提高了催化剂的抗烧结性能，防止在高温条件下催化剂表面积的损失．分析了γ-Al2O3的负载量及其焙烧温度对堇青石比表面积的影响．运用XRD、BET、SEM技术手段进行表征．     

堇青石蜂窝陶瓷负载CuMn/CeO_2-Al_2O_3催化分解臭氧

选取堇青石蜂窝陶瓷作为催化剂基体,制备了堇青石蜂窝陶瓷负载CuMn/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂,采用XRD、BET等方法对其进行了表征,测定了其催化分解O3的活性。结果表明,CuMn/CeO2-Al2O3催化剂具有良好的催化活性,对O3的稳定催化分解率可达94%以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that