低钾含量低温电解质中阴极电解膨胀研究

以钠冰晶石-钾冰晶石混合体系作为研究对象,测量半石墨质阴极电解膨胀率。研究结果表明:随着AlF3含量的增加,阴极电解膨胀率逐渐降低,且随着AlF3含量的增加,对半石墨质阴极膨胀的影响也加剧了。随着钾含量的增加,半石墨质阴极膨胀率增大,随着钾冰晶石含量的增加,对半石墨质阴极膨胀率的影响是先加剧后减弱。     

添加剂对铝电解炭基阴极钠渗透膨胀过程的影响

为了提高现用铝电解炭基阴极的抗钠侵蚀性能,在实验室条件下研究了添加剂对铝电解炭基阴极钠渗透膨胀的影响.结果表明:添加B2O3能减缓钠的初期渗透和膨胀速率,但同时会增加阴极的终期膨胀量;而添加TiB2既能减少金属钠的渗透量,又能降低炭基阴极的钠膨胀率;当同时加入TiB2和B2O3时,能够进一步提高炭基阴极的抗钠渗透膨胀性能.     

TiB2复合阴极涂层的高温电阻率

采用自行研制的高温电阻测试仪,分别测定电极石墨和不同TA含量形稳粒子增强剂的TiB2复合涂层的电阻率.研究结果表明:在960℃时,不添加TA的TiB2复合涂层的电阻率为30.3 μΩ·m,比国家标准对铝电解用半石墨阴极碳块的电阻率的要求值低,可以用于实际生产;添加TA会使TiB2复合阴极涂层的高温电阻率增大,TA最大添加量不能超过6%.     

电沉积TiB_2复合涂层阴极抗蚀性的研究

本文在实验室中用电沉积法制备了TiB_2—碳素基体复合涂层阴极试样,并进行了电解实验。借助电子显微镜和电子探针对试样电解前后的组织结构进行观察分析。结果表明,涂层为细密的TiB_2多晶体,有较强的抗蚀性,能被铝液良好湿润,可提高电流效率(达95％)。电解时的微量损耗主要是在铝液中溶解—磨蚀。此种材料可作为新型铝电解阴极材料。     

中低温烧结铝电解用TiB2-碳素复合阴极材料

在1000℃以下制备了铝电解用TiB2-碳素复合阴极材料,并检测了其相关的性能;探讨了原料中复合树脂的含量与烧结后材料宏观形貌的关系及TiB2的含量与材料电阻率的关系.研究结果表明:随着原料中复合树脂的含量减少,烧结后材料形变减小;当复合树脂的含量为3.5%时,材料基本不发生形变;TiB2的含量越大,材料的电阻率越小;当TiB2的含量为70.95%时,中低温烧结制备的铝电解用TiB2碳素复合阴极材料的电阻率、体积密度、耐压强度分别为1.45×10-5Ω·m,2.45 g·cm-3,37.7 MPa;抗拉强度、抗热震性(即急热急冷的次数)和平均线性热膨胀系数分剐为4.06 MPa,10次和1.90×10-6℃-1,满足铝电解用可润湿性阴极的要求.     

低温电解质[K3AlF6Na3AlF6]-AlF3-A12O3熔体中TiB2-C复合阴极的耐腐蚀性能

采用模压-焙烧技术制备沥青、呋喃、酚醛和环氧基TiB2-C复合阴极,研究其在[K3AlF6/Na3AlF6]-A1F3-Al2O3 熔体中的低温电解腐蚀行为.研究结果表明:TiB2-C复合阴极均有着良好的铝液润湿性;沥青基TiB2-C复合阴极耐腐蚀性能较差,其腐蚀率和碱金属(K和Na)渗透速率分别为8.09 mm/a和10.6 mm/h:相比之下,酚醛基TiB2-C 复合阴极的耐腐蚀性能最好,其腐蚀率和碱金属的渗透速率分别为3.05 mm/a和4.72 mm/h,分别比沥青基TiB2-C 复合阴极下降62.3%和55.5%;树脂基TiB2-C复合阴极的抗碱金属渗透能力较好,其中又以酚醛基TiB2-C复合阴极的抗碱金属渗透能力最强;树脂黏结剂的使用可以在一定程度上改善TiB2-C复合阴极的耐腐蚀性能.     

TiB2镀层制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

介绍了采用K2TiF6-KBF4-KF-KCl-LiF熔盐体系在石墨基体上电沉积制备TiB2镀层的工艺方法,其电解质组成(质量分数,%)为K2TiF615,KBF424,KF48,KCl 8,LiF5,电沉积温度为820℃,电沉积时间为3 h,电流密度为0.7 A/cm2.将所制TiB2镀层作为铝电解实验的阴极,在工业铝电解条件下电解4 h,考察了Na和铝电解质对其腐蚀渗透情况.SEM分析结果表明,Na,F,Al等元素渗透到TiB2镀层的石墨基体中的量很少,而由XRD分析结果可知TiB2镀层的石墨基体中有少量的NaF晶体等,可见TiB2镀层未完全阻止Na的渗透,但却在一定程度上减缓了其渗透速率...     

石灰改良膨胀土膨胀性和水稳定性室内试验研究

针对安徽张庄矿尾矿坝填料膨胀土进行含水率、自由膨胀率δe f、膨胀力Pe和50 kPa压力下的有荷膨胀率δeP50试验,确定膨胀土的膨胀潜势及分布范围,采用掺石灰的方法对土体进行改良并进行击实试验,根据最大干密度和压实度96%制样,研究不同石灰掺量改良土自由膨胀率随养护时间的关系,进行干湿循环试验研究改良土的胀缩变形规律、渗透特性及抗剪强度特性.试验研究结果表明:随着石灰掺量的增加,膨胀土击实后最优含水率逐渐升高、最大干密度逐渐减小;改良土自由膨胀率随着养护时间的增加逐渐减小并于30 d之后趋于稳定;经历6次干湿循环后试样的胀缩变形存在着不可逆性,但掺灰量大于2%的改良土绝对膨胀率小于4%,试样表面无明显裂隙,抗剪强度提高明显,可认为试样膨胀性得到了良好的控制;对于相同石灰掺量的改良土,二次掺灰的改良效果要优于一次掺灰.     

浸水条件下高分子材料固化砂土的变形与强度特性研究

首先采用聚氨酯型有机高分子材料固化剂对砂土进行改良,然后通过浸水试验研究了不同固化剂含量的高分子材料固化砂土浸水不同时间后的变形和强度特性.结果显示：在浸水时间相同的情况下,高分子材料固化砂土试样的体积膨胀率随着固化剂含量的增加而增加;随着浸水时间的增加,不同固化剂含量的高分子材料固化砂土试样的体积膨胀率均随之增加,无侧限抗压强度则均随之减小;对于2%、3%和4%固化剂的高分子材料固化砂土试样而言,在相同的浸水时间下,其无侧限抗压强度均随着固化剂含量的增加而增加.将聚氨酯型有机高分子材料固化剂与水混合后形成的乳白色高分子材料固化剂溶液加入砂土中后,其会在砂土颗粒之间形成三维网状固化膜,固化膜可将砂土颗粒锚固连接在一起,使砂土颗粒之间的黏聚力增加,从而可使高分子材料固化砂土试样具有良好的变形和强度特性.     

熔盐电镀制取铝电解用TiB2惰性阴极

采用熔盐电解法在碳阴极上电镀TiB2铝电解用惰性阴极材料,电解温度800℃,电解质组成(质量分数,%)为KCl4.8,KF55.7,K2TiF615.3,KBF424.2,电流密度为0 3A/cm2,电解3h·对制得的镀层做XRD和EMP电子探针形貌分析,实验结果表明,镀层成分为单一的TiB2,无杂相·镀层厚度可达0.2mm,表面平整,分布均匀,与碳基体结合良好,且有金属光泽·说明该电解条件下,Ti和B能够在阴极上共沉积并生成TiB2·     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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