Serial nuclear transfer improves the development of interspecies reconstructed giant panda (Aluropoda melanoleuca) embryos

Interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (NT) may provide a new approach for preservation of the endangered rare species. Previous interspecies cloning studies have shown that a nucleus from a quiescent somatic cell supports early development of reconstructed embryos in the ooplasm from another species. In this study, we transferred nonquiescent somatic cells from a giant panda into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. After electrofusion (at the rate of 71.6％) and electrical activation, 4.2％ of the panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst in vitro. For improving the development rate of reconstructed embryos, we used serial NT in this study, I.e. Blastomeres from reconstructed morulae were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. The fusion rates in the groups of serial Ⅰ, serial Ⅱ and serial Ⅲ were 79.5％, 84.1％ and 78.0％, respectively, having no difference with that of somatic group. And the blastocyst rates in serial NT groups were 19.4％, 13.5％ and 10.3％, respectively, which are significantly higher than that in somatic NT group. These results indicate that the nuclei from nonquiescent somatic cells can support early development of reconstructed embryos and serial NT can improve the development rate of interspecies reconstructed embryos.     

Sediment dynamic responses of coastal salt marsh to typhoon “KAEMI” in Quanzhou Bay, Fujian Province, China

−In order to understand the mechanisms of coastal protection by salt marshes during typhoon events, in situ measurements of water level, tidal current speed and direction, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were carried out using Electromagnetic Current Meter (EMCM, AEM HR), miniature pressure sensor (MkV/D) and Seapoint Turbidity Meter (STM) sensor on a tidal flat in Quanzhou Bay, during the period when the typhoon “KAEMI” was passing through the region. The analysis of the data obtained shows that the near-bed current speed within the Spartina alterniflora marsh was generally below 5 cm s⁻¹, which was apparently smaller than on the adjacent bare flat (i.e. 5―30 cm s⁻¹). The change in the near-bed current speed in response to the typhoon event was not significant within the S. alterniflora marsh, but the current direction was influenced by the typhoon. The effect of the typhoon on the SSC was highly significant, with the SSC reaching 13 to 19 times the values on the bare flat or within the marsh under fair weather conditions; the near-bed SSC within the marsh was higher than on the bare flat, after the typhoon landed. The near-bed suspended sediment fluxes within the marsh and on the bare flat during the typhoon event were both enhanced, i.e., 4 times larger than under fair weather conditions. During the ebb, the bottom shear stress on the bare flat exceeded the critical shear stress for sediment motion for most of the ebb duration of the tide and, therefore, the bed sediment was eroding, with the erosion flux after the typhoon landed being around 2 to 3 times the value associated with fair weather conditions. In contrast, within the S. alterniflora marsh, the bottom shear stress was mostly lower than the critical shear stress for sediment motion, or lower than the critical shear stress for the maintenance of suspension; hence, the marsh surface was dominated by settling processes, with a settling flux during the typhoon being 3 to 6 times compared with the fair weather situations. The settling flux during the ebb was up to twice the magnitude for the flood. The comparison of sediment dynamic processes between the S. alterniflora marsh and the bare flat demonstrates that during the typhoon event the bare flat was dominated by erosion, whilst the presence of S. alterniflora favored the accretion of suspended sediment.     

自伴算子代数上保持乘积的-数值半径映射的刻画

令为复Hilbert空间上自伴的有界线性算子全体组成的实Jordan代数。给出上保持算子乘积-数值半径的满射的刻画。进而对一类特殊的,刻画了上保持算子乘积的-数值域的满射。     

兔ES样细胞系的建立及其特性分析

报道从２３７枚家兔胚胎中建成７个可连续传代的ＥＳ样细胞系。建系条件为，使用小鼠原始胚胎成纤维细胞（ＭＥ）作饲养层，以含１０％胎年血清和１０％兔血清的ＤＭＥＭ／Ｆ１２为培养基，添加白血病抑制因子（ＬＩＦ）或上皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ），胚龄为９０，９６ｈ。该细胞系的细胞。在许多方面类似于小鼠ＥＳ细胞，具干细胞的形态特征，呈集落型生长，可连续传代并保持其形态特征，具有一定的自发分化和诱导分化的能力，悬浮培养     

LiVOPO4/C的溶液沉积-热解法制备与表征

以LiVOPO₄、蔗糖为原料,采用溶液沉积-热解法制备了LiVOPO₄/C复合材料。采用热重与差热分析、X-射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析以及电化学测试等手段对LiVOPO₄/C的微观结构、表面形貌和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明：蔗糖热分解后在LiVOPO₄颗粒的表面包覆形成了一层多孔碳;多孔碳可以有效阻止LiVOPO₄颗粒的聚集,增加电极的导电面积,降低电池极化,改善LiVOPO₄ 的电化学性能;与LiVOPO₄粉末相比,LiVOPO₄/C具有更高的可逆容量、更稳定的循环性能.     

盆地气候条件下成都城区O_3与NO_2相互作用的时间尺度分析

应用去趋势互相关分析法对比分析了成都市2013年7月1日至8月31日和2014年1月1日至2月28日等2个时间段4个大气环境监测站点近地面O3与前体物(NO2)小时平均浓度的相关性及其时空演化尺度特征.研究表明,成都市4个监测站点近地面O3与NO2小时平均浓度波动的相关性在一定时间尺度内具有长期持续特征.并对成都市夏季和冬季近地面O3与NO2相关性进行了对比分析,探讨了导致此种差异的原因.结果表明,不同的气象条件下成都市O3与NO2相互作用的时间尺度存在显著差异.其差异性可能与成都市独特的盆地气候特点以及当地夏季与冬季太阳光辐射、日照数、气温等气象因子有关.研究结果有助于进一步加深对盆地气候条件下成都市O3污染特征的认识.     

富勒烯C_(60)接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的制备与表征

以富勒烯C60和马来酸为原料合成得到一种新型富勒烯C60接枝马来酸聚合物,C60接枝马来酸聚合物再与硝酸铅反应得到C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐。通过单因素方法探讨了pH、反应物物料比、反应温度以及反应时间对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅含量的影响,获得其最佳合成工艺条件为:pH=6.92,C60接枝马来酸聚合物和硝酸铅的摩尔比为1∶7,反应时间2 h,反应温度30℃,该条件所得C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐中铅质量分数为56.09%。同时采用FT-IR、UV、GPC、AAS、XRD及XPS等测试手段对产物结构进行了表征。采用差热和热重分析法对C60接枝马来酸聚合物铅盐的热稳定性进行了研究,结果表明,在空气气氛下,DTA分解峰值温度为275、370、462℃,失重率为43.6%,表明产物热稳定性良好。     

深圳特区城市植被的固碳释氧效应

以深圳特区各种类型城市植被为研究对象,通过大尺度的样方调查,获得6种城市植被类型(郊野林、休闲绿地、道路绿地、居住区绿地、单位附属绿地和生产绿地)的植物组成比例,以占据各城市植被类型70%以上的63种优势植物作为基底数据,结合航片提取的各类型植被面积和PnET的气候模型,基于主要园林植物的光合作用参数,推算出特区各种类型城市植被月、年及单位面积固碳释氧量。结果表明,深圳特区城市植被固碳释氧效应的强度按季节排序为春季夏季秋季冬季。特区6种类型城市植被类型中,位于深圳特区外围的郊野林具有最大的年固碳释氧总量,深圳的道路系统绿地有最大的单位面积固碳释氧量,居住区和单位附属绿地的固碳释氧效应位居6种类型之末位。     

光催化降解养虾废水中有机物及灭菌研究

 为了研究TiO₂光催化降解养虾废水中有机物及杀菌能力,文章以TiO₂二氧化钛为催化剂,并分别加入H₂ O₂和Fenton试剂作为助剂进行了光催化降解实验。结果表明：在300 W中压汞灯和太阳光下,Fenton试剂作为助剂的效果最好, COD-Cr去除率分别达到71.6%和13.0%,而空白实验对应的COD-Cr去除率几乎为0。养虾废水中细菌总数为2.6×10¹¹个/L,以TiO₂为光催化剂,经300 W中压汞灯照射30 min或太阳光照射3 h后,杀菌率为100%。     

Cr6+对莼菜冬芽叶片过氧化物酶的影响

报道了莼菜冬芽叶中过氧化物酶( POD) 活性及同工酶酶谱随 Cr⁶⁺处理浓度及时间不同而发生的变化. Cr⁶⁺处理后,过氧化物酶同工酶谱多出 2 条酶带,酶带的出现及多少与Cr⁶⁺的浓度没有明显的相关性; 酶活性先升高后降低.     

水溶液体系电积砷的析AsH3过程分析

计算了水溶液中As(Ⅲ)的理论溶解度, 分析了电沉积过程 AsH3的形成机理.研究指出, As( (Ⅲ) 在碱性水溶液中的溶解度比在酸性或中性水溶液中大得多, 因此,在碱性溶液中电沉积砷更有利, 防止产生 AsH₃的有效途径是提高氢的析出电势.     

表面活性剂对水溶性荧光聚合物PPESO3荧光性质的影响

研究几种不同类型的表面活性剂对所合成的新型水溶性荧光聚合物PPESO₃(聚[5,3-二(3-磺酰化丙氧基)-1,4-苯撑乙烯])的作用. 结果表明, 阴离子表面活性剂SDS可使PPESO₃荧光发生猝灭; 中性表面活性剂使得聚合物的荧光显著增强; 阳离子表面活性剂一般情况下也会使聚合物荧光增强. 利用表面活性剂对荧光聚合物的荧光增强作用可使这类聚合物成为一种新型的具有高灵敏性的荧光化学传感器.     

水热体系下二氧化钛与氧化石墨烯复合纳米晶的合成

 200 ℃下四方结构的二氧化钛(TiO2)与氧化石墨烯(GO)复合纳米晶在一个装有适量钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇、氧化石墨烯和蒸馏水的密闭的水热釜中加热12 h后被制备。X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）等一系列分析仪器被运用来揭示二氧化钛与氧化石墨烯复合纳米晶是由粒径大约160 nm的四方结构的二氧化钛纳米晶与氧化石墨烯复合而成,通过紫外吸收对其光学性能进行了必要的测试。