基于故障跟踪估计器的故障诊断新方法

针对线性时不变系统提出了一种基于故障跟踪估计器的故障诊断新方法。首先引入一个可调参数,称作虚拟故障,构建线性时不变系统的故障跟踪估计器。然后,设计迭代学习算法,在选取的优化周期内通过反复迭代学习运算来动态调节虚拟故障,使之估计出系统中实际发生的故障。该方法可以同时检测和估计出系统中发生的故障,而且和发生的故障类型无关。最后,在垂直升降飞行器的线性化模型上进行了仿真研究,仿真结果表明了所设计算法的可行性和有效性。     

Robust fault detection and diagnosis for uncertain nonlinear systems

This paper considers robust fault detection and diagnosis for input uncertain nonlinear systems. It proposes a multi-objective fault detection criterion so that the fault residual is sensitive to the fault but insensitive to the uncertainty as much as possible. Then the paper solves the proposed criterion by maximizing the smallest singular value of the transformation from faults to fault detection residuals while minimizing the largest singular value of the transformation from input uncertainty to the fault detection residuals. This method is applied to an aircraft which has a fault in the left elevator or rudder. The simulation results show the proposed method can detect the control surface failures rapidly and efficiently.     

ToMFIR-based fault detection approach in frequency domain

This paper is to explore further results for total measurable fault information-based residual (ToMFIR) approach to fault detection in dynamic systems. The ToMFIR contains the essential fault information and remains unaffected by control actions in a closed-loop system. It is composed of controller residual and output residual and some of further results are developed in frequency domain. Besides the ability of detecting actuator and sensor faults, it is able to detect faults/failures resulting from the computer used for control purpose that generates control signals. Currently, all of existing fault detection schemes cannot achieve the same task at all. A practical DC motor example, with a PID controller, is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ToMFIR-based fault detection. A comparison with the standard observer-based technique is also provided.     

Robust fault detection filter and its application in MEMS-based INS/GPS

Since any disturbance and fault may lead to significant performance degradation in practical dynamical systems,it is essential for a system to be robust to disturbances but sensitive to faults.For this purpose,this paper proposes a robust fault-detection filter for linear discrete time-varying systems.The algorithm uses H∞ estimator to minimize the worst possible amplification from disturbances to estimate errors,and H_ index to maximize the minimum effect of faults on the residual output of the filter.This approach is applied to the MEMS-based INS/GPS.And simulation results show that the new algorithm can reduce the effect of unknown disturbances and has a high sensitivity to faults.     

基于未知输入滤波器的过驱动系统故障诊断方法

过驱动系统由于执行器间的冗余性导致故障往往具有严重的耦合性,从而给故障的分离带来很大困难。针对过驱动系统的执行器乘性故障,提出了一种基于未知输入滤波器的故障诊断方法。首先,提出了一种新的未知输入滤波器结构,设计方便。然后,将指定执行器的故障看作未知输入,通过一组结构化残差来实现故障分离,并在此基础上,提出了一种故障估计方法。最后,通过ADMIRE飞行器的近似线性化模型仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

线性状态多时滞系统鲁棒故障诊断滤波器设计

研究一类具有外部扰动的不确定线性时滞系统的鲁棒故障诊断滤波器设计问题。通过引入一种广义坐标变换,使得线性连续状态多时滞系统变为输出灌入(outputinjection)系统;据此,引入一种体现残差对故障信号具有灵敏性同时对不确定性扰动具有鲁棒性的性能指标,应用H∞最优控制理论,借助线性矩阵不等式(LMI)技术设计系统的状态全维鲁棒故障诊断滤波器,并给出该滤波器问题解的存在条件和求解算法。最后给出一个仿真算例,仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

基于动态模拟的化工过程故障诊断

化工过程中的故障检测与诊断多通过对历史数据和知识的分析来进行.提出了一种新的故障检测与分析方法,利用动态模拟来监测化工过程,并在过程发生异常时及时进行故障诊断.这种方法所针对的是可由动态模型内部参数来表征的一类故障,这些参数可通过动态模型的在线校正获得.该方法不需要设计观测器来估算过程的不可测变量,还可以将故障检测和诊断任务同时进行.该方法被应用于了重力水箱系统和庚烷芳构化反应器系统,并同传统的参数估计方法进行了比较.     

基于新型学习观测器的卫星执行机构故障重构

针对在轨微小卫星出现执行机构故障的情况,提出了一种基于非线性学习观测器(nonlinear learning observer, NLO)的卫星姿控执行机构故障重构方法。文中结合迭代学习算法和递推学习算法,设计了一种新型自适应学习算法,该算法应用前一时刻和当前时刻的姿态敏感器测量输出误差在线更新故障重构信号,使得所提NLO在估计卫星姿态角速度和姿态角的同时,能够快速精确在线重构卫星姿控执行机构故障。进一步给出了所提NLO的稳定性条件,并结合线性矩阵不等式技术给出了NLO增益矩阵的详细设计方法。最后,将所提方法应用于微小卫星姿控推力器故障重构,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Diagnosis of process faults and sensor faults in a class of nonlinear uncertain systems

This paper presents a fault diagnosis method for process faults and sensor faults in a class of nonlinear uncertain systems.The fault detection and isolation architecture consists of a fault detection estimator and a bank of adaptive isolation estimators,each corresponding to a particular fault type.Adaptive thresholds for fault detection and isolation are presented.Fault detectability conditions characterizing the class of process faults and sensor faults that are detectable by the presented method are derived.A simulation example of robotic arm is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the fault diagnosis method.     

Fault tolerant control based on stochastic distribution via RBF neural networks

A new fault tolerant control (FTC) via a controller reconfiguration approach for general stochastic nonlinear systems is studied. Different from the formulation of classical FTC methods, it is supposed that the measured information for the FTC is the probability density functions (PDFs) of the system output rather than its measured value. A radial basis functions (RBFs) neural network technique is proposed so that the output PDFs can be formulated in terms of the dynamic weighings of the RBFs neural network. As a result, the nonlinear FTC problem subject to dynamic relation between the input and the output PDFs can be transformed into a nonlinear FTC problem subject to dynamic relation between the control input and the weights of the RBFs neural network approximation to the output PDFs. The FTC design consists of two steps. The first step is fault detection and diagnosis (FDD), which can produce an alarm when there is a fault in the system and also locate which component has a fault. The second step is to adapt the controller to the faulty case so that the system is able to achieve its target. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) based feasible FTC method is applied such that the fault can be detected and diagnosed. An illustrated example is included to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and satisfactory results have been obtained.     

Research on improved integrated FDD/FTC with effectiveness factors

This paper investigates the integrated fault detection and diagnosis(FDD) with fault tolerant control(FTC) method of the control system with recoverable faults.Firstly,a quasi-linear parameter-varying(QLPV) model is set up,in which effectiveness factors are modeled as time-varying parameters to quantify actuators and sensors faults.Based on the certainty equivalency principle,replacing the real time states in the nonlinear term of the QLPV model with the estimated states,the parameters and states can be estimated by a two-stage Kalman filtering algorithm.Then,a polynomial eigenstructure assignment(PEA) controller with time-varying parameters and states is designed to guarantee the performance of the system with recoverable faults.Finally,mathematical simulation is performed to validate the solution in a satellite closed-loop attitude control system,and simulation results show that the solution is fast and effective for on-orbit real-time computation.     

基于鲁棒故障诊断LPV模型的舰载QUAV跟踪控制

设计适用于外部干扰抑制的无人机鲁棒故障检测与跟踪控制系统。首先,将舰载四旋翼直升机(quad-roto unmanned aerial vehicle, QUAV)建模为线性变参数系统(linear variable parameter system, LPVs),作为目标来进行系统设计。同时,为了进行故障检测和隔离,设计了一个强大的LPVs观测器,利用一组可行线性矩阵不等式(linear matrix inequalities, LMI)给出保证系统渐近稳定和抗干扰鲁棒性的充分条件。此外,基于LMI区域的极点配置考虑观测器的增益设计。然后,通过观测器库考虑故障检测和隔离方案,检测和隔离传感器故障。其次,通过考虑比较器集成控制方案对反馈控制器进行设计。目标是设计鲁棒控制器,使QUAV无偏差跟踪设定位置。最后,通过在模拟模型中,对算法的有效性进行实验验证。     

奇异时滞系统的鲁棒故障检测和分离观测器

讨论了一类不确定奇异时滞系统的鲁棒故障检测和分离观测器(RDO)设计问题,设计所有的观测器使得它们的冗余信号对非故障因素具有鲁棒性,并设计每个观测器使其冗余信号对一组特定的故障不敏感而对其余故障敏感。给出了RDO存在的充分条件及有效的设计算法,并讨论了故障集合不同划分的RDO设计之间的关系,最后给出一具体算例来说明该方法的有效性。     

基于进化FCM算法的故障诊断方法

为了提高故障的诊断效果,首先利用一种改进的离散傅里叶变换方法提取故障特征,然后提出了一种扩散式遗传算法,将其与模糊C 均值(fuzzyC mean,FCM)聚类方法结合设计了一种进化FCM故障识别方法。该方法通过离线优选虚拟标准样本,达到快速、准确在线识别故障的目的,很好地解决了FCM算法经常收敛到局部极值点的问题。最后以某型歼击机结构故障为例进行了仿真验证,结果表明该方法确能有效的检测出歼击机的各种故障。     

基于故障树的复杂装备模糊贝叶斯网络推理故障诊断

复杂装备的小批量、个性化定制属性,注定了其生命周期过程中存在着相对较多的不确定性,故障隐患必不可免,故障诊断尤为重要.因此,提出基于故障树的复杂装备模糊贝叶斯网络推理故障诊断模型.首先,通过分析复杂装备的结构组成,建立复杂装备的故障树模型.其次,利用故障树转化法,构建基于故障树的贝叶斯网络拓扑结构.然后,针对复杂装备结...     

改进的强跟踪飞机舵面快速故障诊断方法

针对多模型自适应估计(multiple model adaptive estimation, MMAE)方法适应突变故障能力差、多重渐消因子强跟踪算法滤波发散、故障条件概率计算量大等问题,提出一种改进的多重渐消因子强跟踪多模型自适应估计(strong tracking multiple model adaptive estimation, STMMAE)快速故障诊断方法。通过多重渐消因子提高了故障突变时滤波器的跟踪性能;通过改进一步预测协方差阵更新方程,保证了滤波器稳定性,提高了估计精度;采用基于欧几里得范数的飞机舵面故障概率快速计算方法,降低了故障概率计算量。对比仿真表明,该算法跟踪性强、速度快、精度高,具有较好的鲁棒性和稳定性。     

线性时滞系统的鲁棒故障诊断

研究了一类含有未知输入干扰和模型不确定性的时滞系统故障诊断问题。通过变换,原系统被分成两个子系统,一个子系统不受故障的影响,可以设计鲁棒观测器;另一个子系统受到故障的影响,但是它的状态可以通过测量得到。设计的观测器利用解析冗余方法能够对执行器故障和传感器故障进行诊断。仿真结果表明,算法具有良好的诊断性能。     

An Improved Sensor Fault Diagnosis Scheme Based on TA-LSSVM and ECOC-SVM

Monitoring the operational state of sensors promptly and the accurate diagnosis of faults are essential. This paper proposes an improved fault diagnosis scheme for sensors, which includes both fault detection and fault identification. Firstly, trend analysis combined with least squares support vector machine (TA-LSSVM) method is proposed and implemented to detect faults. Secondly, an improved error correcting output coding-support vector machine (ECOC-SVM) based fault identification method is proposed to distinguish different sensor failure modes. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, experiments are conducted with an MTi-series sensor, and some comparisons are made with other fault identification methods. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed fault diagnosis scheme offers an essential improvement with detection real-time property and better identification accuracy.     

Output feedback based adaptive robust fault-tolerant control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems

An adaptive robust approach for actuator fault-tolerant control of a class of uncertain nonlinear systems is proposed. The two chief ways in which the system performance can degrade following an actuator-fault are undesirable transients and unacceptably large steady-state tracking errors. Adaptive control based schemes can achieve good final tracking accuracy in spite of change in system parameters following an actuator fault, and robust control based designs can achieve guaranteed transient response. However, neither adaptive control nor robust control based fault-tolerant designs can address both the issues associated with actuator faults. In the present work, an adaptive robust fault-tolerant control scheme is claimed to solve both the problems, as it seamlessly integrates adaptive and robust control design techniques. Comparative simulation studies are performed using a nonlinear hypersonic aircraft model to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme over a robust adaptive control based faulttolerant scheme.     

集成模糊推理与定量仿真的故障预测系统研究

为解决传统故障诊断方法在装备维修保障方面的不足，将虚拟样机作为一种新的定量推理机制引入到故障仿真和预测领域，提出了基于虚拟样机的装备故障仿真预测模型。以某型自行火炮为研究对象，在ADAMS环境下建立了火炮虚拟样机。仿真预测过程根据用户输入的初始参量由虚拟样机获取初始状态，由基于动态模糊综合评判的预测方法生成候选故障集，虚拟样机结合知识库确认实际发生的故障并找出相应的故障原因和故障部件。虚拟样机的仿真结果和相关的预测实例验证了模型的有效性，表明基于上述模型的故障仿真预测系统可以获得较高的预测精度，能够满足装备预知维修保障的需求。