用AFM观测凝胶法下KClO4晶体的生长机理

用原子力显微镜(atomic force microscopy,AFM)对凝胶法生长的KClO4晶体的最重要面{001}面微观形貌进行了研究。结果表明,在不同的过饱和度下,KClO4晶体分别表现为二维成核生长、三维成核生长、层核生长以及多层堆垛生长等生长机理。从热力学角度解释了过饱和度对KClO4晶体生长机理的影响。对二维成核生长机理,揭示了KClO4晶体生长中二维核的形状和取向,及生长台阶的取向。研究结果还表明,杂质的存在将阻止台阶的向前推进,并导致聚并台阶及弯曲台阶的形成。     

原子力显微镜研究蛋白质晶体生长机理及进展

原子力显微镜(AFM)这种能进行微尺度测量的精密仪器是目前研究晶体生长机理最为有效的方法之一,在晶体生长机理研究中起到了重要的作用,尤其是对于蛋白质晶体生长的研究显得更为突出.分别简明地阐述了利用AFM进行蛋白质晶体生长研究的工作原理,以及在这方面已经取得的研究成果,包括二维台阶生长、螺旋位错生长、法向生长、三维成核生长、台阶发展的不对称性、及杜仲抗真菌蛋白(EAFP)和天花粉蛋白(TCS)晶体生长的新进展.论述了利用空间微重力环境进行蛋白质晶体生长及空间蛋白质晶体生长的科研和应用, 指出今后进行蛋白质晶体生长研究的趋势和前景.     

两种斜翅管表面碳酸钙垢初始阶段结垢特性

进行了3种强化管在不同碳酸钙溶液浓度和流速下的动态结垢实验,得到碳酸钙浓度、流速和不同管型对碳酸钙析晶垢结垢过程的影响.结果表明,碳酸钙浓度增大,使溶液中均相成核速率和所形成晶核的生长速率增大,使溶液换热表面界面的污垢晶粒浓度和成垢离子浓度均增大,前者使更多的污垢附着换热面,而后者使表面异相成核速率和生长速率增大.流速增大,使光管表面形成的晶核、污垢晶体和污垢热阻均减少,而诱导期延长;使平直和锯齿斜翅管初始成核增多,但诱导期延长,而结垢量和污垢热阻减小.平直和锯齿斜翅管在清洁状态和结垢状态下均具有比光管更大的总换热系数、更小的污垢热阻,尽管结垢量略多.在相同结垢状态下,锯齿斜翅管的结垢量和污垢热阻大于平直斜翅管的,但是,其总换热系数仍大于平直斜翅管.     

凝胶体系中温度对草酸钙晶体生长的影响

在凝胶体系中系统研究了温度对CaOxa晶体生长的影响.首先,温度影响CaOxa晶体的晶相组成.随着温度从67℃降低至7℃,COM晶体的质量分数从100%减少至47%,二水草酸钙(COD)晶体质量分数从0增加至53%,COD的质量分数对温度的倒数(1/t)具有线性关系;第二,温度影响CaOxa晶体的形貌.随着温度降低,拉长六边形状的一水草酸钙(COM)晶体逐渐减少,蔷薇花状COM聚集体质量分数增加,而COD晶体则从四方锥形变为十字形晶体;第三,温度影响CaOxa晶体的生长速率.随着温度降低,CaOxa的生长速度减小.     

纤维粘连蛋白的AFM分析

利用原子力显微镜(AFM)分析了纤维粘连蛋白(FN)单分子及其聚集行为,对FN在壳聚糖膜表面聚集过程及FN/壳聚糖微胶粒形成过程进行了连续观察分析,并分析了微空间中“水膜”在FN分子及微胶粒形成及聚集过程中的作用.FN分子单体呈“V”型,其聚集体以头－尾的方式结合.     

氮气载气MOCVD外延生长GaN成核层研究

在GaN薄膜外延生长过程中,成核层的质量对外延薄膜的质量有着重要的影响。因此,虽然氮气气氛下生长高质量成核层是一个难点,但从安全和成本角度来考虑,值得去攻克这个难点。文章在氮气气氛下使用Thomas Swan 2英寸19片MOCVD(metal-organic chemical vapor deposition)工业级生长设备在蓝宝石衬底上生长GaN成核层并利用原子力显微镜(Atomic force microscope,AFM)对样品表面进行表征。进一步研究了生长温度、生长时间、Ga源流量对GaN成核层的影响。结果表明GaN成核层的生长时间在2 min内呈均匀单层生长,生长温度在750℃以下成核岛分布均匀,Ga源流量与GaN生长速率呈线性关系,可简单的通过控制Ga源流量控制GaN成核层生长速率。     

表面活性剂对草酸钙结晶的影响(综述)

综述了表面活性剂对尿结石主要组分草酸钙(CaOxa)晶体成核、生长、聚集和相变等过程的影响,讨论了表面活性剂与CaOxa晶体的作用机理,以期为CaOxa结石的形成和抑制提供一个更详尽的解释．     

氧化铝种分过程粒度分布的动态模型

将实验室实验、工业试验与数值仿真(计算)方法相结合,以种分过程中的动力学规律和粒数衡算为基础,以MATLAB/Simulink软件为主要开发工具,根据种分过程的粒度变化特性,以MSMPR结晶器为对象,建立种分槽晶体成核、生长和附聚相结合的粒度衡算模型.根据不同温度下的实验数据,利用矩量法对种分过程的重要参数--附聚核β和成核速率RN进行求解.计算结果表明:附聚核在70℃左右达到最大值,成核速率则一直随着温度的升高而降低;用MATLAB/Simulink软件求解粒度模型,对不同工艺条件下种分过程的粒度分布进行预测,将预测结果与工业试验数据进行比较,相对误差低于10%.     

基于多种群差分进化算法的分子动力学模拟体系中局部晶体结构识别

为了研究晶体形成的相变过程,提出了一种基于多种群差分进化算法的分子动力学模拟体系中局部晶体结构识别算法.首先,结合模拟体系原子/离子间连通性及其与晶体结构的几何相似度,构造出表示两者间重合程度的目标函数.然后,利用多种群差分进化算法获得目标函数最优解,进而确定模拟体系中排列方式与晶体结构相似的原子/离子.最后,利用Al、Mg、Fe、α-Fe₂O₃、Fe₃O₄、α-FeOOH、Fe（OH）₂七个聚集体对该算法进行验证.结果表明,所提算法不仅能够从模拟体系中识别出面心立方、密排六方、体心立方等简单晶体结构,还可识别出排布较为复杂的晶体结构,并可将聚集体直接分割为数个取向不同的晶体区域,适用于晶体成核、生长及相变过程的分子动力学模拟研究.     

陨石高压矿物学研究为地球板块俯冲带高压相转变机制提供新认识

橄榄石是石陨石和地幔的主要造岩矿物之一,它在高温高压条件下转变为高密度的似尖晶石(wadsleyite)和尖晶石(ringwoodite,林伍德石)矿物多形.橄榄石的高压相转变机制对认识地球和星球内部物质组成、结构以及地球动力学等具有极其重要的科学意义.高温高压实验研究表明,橄榄石的高压相转变可以经由颗粒边界成核生长,或沿晶体内部特殊方位成核生长而转变为高压相.然而,过去在天然岩石(受冲击陨石)中,仅发现通过颗粒边界物质扩散作用形成的林伍德石多晶集合体,一直未能观测到在橄榄石晶体内部发生的林伍德石片晶状成核生长的相转变现象.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with