乳酸菌发酵对半干罗非鱼挥发性成分的影响

采用顶空-固相微萃取( HS-SPME)技术,并结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术对未发酵半干罗非鱼和经乳酸菌发酵半干罗非鱼中的挥发性物质进行研究,优化了固相微萃取的条件.结果显示:样品在50℃条件下,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷/二乙烯基苯(PDMS/DVB)涂层的萃取头萃取50 min,可得到较好谱图.通过气相色谱-质谱分...     

超临界CO_2流体萃取——气相色谱法测定土壤中的类二噁英类多氯联苯

利用超临界CO2流体萃取(SFE-CO2)及气相色谱技术,建立了土壤中12种类二英类多氯联苯(PCBs)的分析测定方法.对SFE-CO2的萃取条件进行了优化,其最佳萃取条件为:压力25 MPa,温度100℃,静态萃取时间20 min,动态萃取时间45 min,收集溶剂丙酮,CO2流量2.5 mL/min,改性剂10%(质量分数)二氯甲烷.12种PCBs的加标回收率为73.0%~129.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~10.5%.测定麦田土壤样品中12种类二英类多氯联苯,共检出8种PCBs,质量比为77~667 pg/g,其他4种未检出.     

花椒挥发油的超临界CO_2萃取工艺研究

介绍了超临界CO2萃取花椒挥发油的提取分离工艺,重点研究了原料粒度、前处理浸提时间、超临界CO2萃取温度、萃取压力、CO2体积对萃取率的影响.应用正交实验优化出:影响超临界CO2萃取的主次因素为萃取温度>CO2体积>压力;最佳工艺参数为:原料粒度以60目(0.28mm)为宜,前处理浸提时间40min,萃取温度55℃,萃取CO2体积为30ml,萃取压力为34.475MPa,得到花椒挥发油的萃取率高达13.20%.     

液液萃取-气相色谱法测定水中的硝基苯类化合物

采用正己烷作为萃取剂,采用液液萃取-气相色谱法对水样中的硝基苯类化合物进行测定,采用保留时间定性,外标标准曲线法定量,该法分析时间短,准确度好(5种物质的平均加标回收率介于93.9~105.7%),精密度高(RSD均小于5%),易于操作;同时还对萃取条件(萃取剂用量、萃取次数、萃取时间、无机盐添加量)进行优化,结果表明,萃取回收率最高的萃取剂用量为5 mL、萃取次数为2次、萃取时间为1.5 min、NaCl用量为10 g.     

花椒挥发油的超临界CO-2萃取工艺研究

介绍了超临界CO2萃取花椒挥发油的提取分离工艺,重点研究了原料粒度、前处理浸提时间、超临界CO2萃取温度、萃取压力、CO2体积对萃取率的影响. 应用正交实验优化出;影响超临界CO2萃取的主次因素为萃取温度＞CO2体积＞压力;最佳工艺参数为;原料粒度以60目(0.28mm)为宜,前处理浸提时间40min,萃取温度55℃,萃取CO2体积为30ml,萃取压力为34.475MPa,得到花椒挥发油的萃取率高达13.20%.     

黄酮类化合物甘草甙的提取分离及结构鉴定

以黄酮类化合物活性成分甘草甙为例,利用萃取、柱层析相结合的方法,对甘草甙进行了提取分离.液-固萃取条件为:水作为萃取溶剂,原料的质量浓度为40 g/L,萃取温度为90 ℃,萃取时间为2 h;液-液萃取溶剂选取正丁醇.将萃取后的产品经过两次层析纯化后重结晶,可实现甘草甙的精细分离.经纯化后的甘草甙选取最佳分析检测条件(流动相:3%的冰醋酸水溶液:乙腈=4:1;固定相:硅胶C18;流速:1 mL/min;波长:254 nm)通过高效液相色谱、质谱、红外对所得产品进行结构鉴定.     

微波辅助双水相萃取黄芪茎总皂苷及其抗氧化活性

采用微波辅助双水相萃取法研究了黄芪茎总皂苷的萃取工艺条件及其体外抗氧化活性.采用单因素和正交实验对黄芪茎总皂苷的萃取工艺进行优化;通过对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率和还原力对其抗氧化活性进行评价.得到微波辅助双水相萃取黄芪茎总皂苷的最佳工艺条件:料液比(g∶m L)为1∶30,微波功率为500,W,醇水体积比(m L∶m L)为0.77,萃取时间为10,min,硫酸铵质量浓度为0.24,g/m L;双水相萃取工艺对黄芪茎总皂苷的富集倍数为2.39;黄芪茎总皂苷提取液的抗氧化活性随提取液质量浓度的增加而逐渐提高,但其抗氧化活性低于VC.优化后的微波辅助双水相萃取黄芪茎总皂苷的工艺比较稳定,黄芪茎总皂苷提取液具有一定的抗氧化活性.     

QSE-HPLC快速测定动物源食品中硝基呋喃代谢产物

建立了快速溶剂萃取一高效液相色谱法(QAE-HPLC)快速测定动物源食品中硝基呋喃代谢产物含量的方法.优化了萃取溶剂、萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间等QSE萃取条件和HPLC分析条件.最佳萃取溶剂为体积比1:1的甲醇/三氯乙酸(0.68 mol/L),最佳萃取温度100℃,最佳萃取压力1.0×107Pa,最佳萃取时间10 min×3次.该方法简单、快速、高效,是硝基呋喃代谢产物快速检测的有效手段.     

微波辐射下有机混合溶剂提取芝麻杆中木质素

采用1,4-丁二醇与丙三醇的混合溶剂作为萃取剂,微波辐射从芝麻秆中提取木质素.研究了微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、固液比和萃取剂质量分数对芝麻杆中木质素提取率的影响,运用L9(34)正交试验对提取条件进行了优化.结果表明,影响木质素提取率的主次因素为微波辐射功率、萃取剂浓度、微波辐射时间及固液比.最佳提取条件:微波辐射功率900W,微波辐射时间40min,固液比1∶12(g∶mL),萃取剂质量分数ω=90%,木质素的萃取率为65.3%.萃取剂蒸馏除去水分可重复循环使用.     

夏枯草果穗熊果酸超临界萃取的研究

采用超临界二氧化碳流体萃取技术,提取夏枯草果穗中的熊果酸,并用高效液相色谱法测定萃取物中熊果酸含量.通过正交实验[L9(34)]对萃取条件进行优化,确定适宜的工艺参数.结果表明,夏枯草果穗熊果酸超临界CO2萃取的各因素影响程度为萃取温度萃取时间携带剂萃取压力.最佳参数为萃取温度30℃,萃取压力15Mpa,携带剂甲醇:乙醇=1:1,萃取时间90min.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that