常规PCR与RACE结合法快速从cDNA文库中克隆基因

首先根据Fe(Ⅱ)-转运蛋白基因家族的保守区设计同源的常规PCR引物(F1，R1)，扩增出490bp的特异片段。然后根据RACE法原理，巧妙地设计3′RACE(F2)和5′RACE(R3)特异性引物，使两者既能分别与文库载体上的筛选扩增引物配对扩增cDNA 3′和5′末端序列，又能使扩增出的3′RACE和5′RACE产物序列有重叠部分；另外设计引物时还兼顾到使F2和R3也能配对，从而能对3′RACE和5′RACE扩增产物进行双特异性引物常规PCR鉴定。该方案不但能够直接根据序列鉴定3′RACE和5′RACE产物是否为同一基因序列，还能快捷地用常规PCR鉴定3′RACE和5′RACE扩增产物是否为特异性扩增，避免了对非特异性扩增产物的克隆测序等繁琐的鉴定过程，优化了基因克隆策略。最后根据拼读出的全长序列设计引物(F4，R4)扩增出完整编码区。应用该方法成功地从小金海棠缺铁处理的根系cDNA文库中克隆了Fe(Ⅱ)-转运蛋白基因的cDNA。说明该方案是一种从cDNA文库中克隆目的基因的快捷优化方法。     

大肠杆菌fadB缺失突变株构建及对聚羟基脂肪酸酯积累影响

应用一种简单的方法构建出一株大肠杆菌脂肪酸降解基因B(fadB)缺陷型菌株KM32B(fadB∷Tet),该方法不需克隆和第二轮PCR，只需要一对各70个碱基的引物,引物的前45个碱基分别与大肠杆菌目的基因的3′和5′互补，后25个碱基分别与抗性(四环素Tet)基因的3′和5′互补，将PCR产物，即抗性基因两侧各带与目的基因3′和5′互补的45个碱基的片段，通过高频电转化入大肠杆菌KM32菌株，重组子经PCR验证整个fadB基因区域因被四环素基因置换而敲除,将两种Burkholderia caryophylli AS 1．2741聚羟基脂肪酸酯合成酶基因，phaClBc和phaC2Bc，在此缺失突变株中进行了表达。结果表明聚羟基脂肪酸酯的合成能力较相同条件下的野生型大肠杆菌有所提高。     

母婴配对血清中TT病毒的分子鉴定

为了解TT病毒（TTV）在我国母婴间传播的可能及分子病毒学依据，合成引物（引物1：5′－ACAGACAGAGGAGAAGGCAACATG－3′；引物2：5′－CTGGCATTTTACCATTTCCAAAGTT－3′；引物3；5′－GGCAACATGTTATGGATAGACTGG－3′），采用半套式聚合酶链反应（hemi-nested PCR）方法，检测了40对母、婴母对血清中的TTV DNA，并对TTV DNA均阳性的一对母婴配对血清中PCR产物进行测序和序列分析，结果发现：（1）在40例产妇血清中，有5例经半套式PCR检出了TTV DNA，检出率为12.5%；40例脐血中，检出TTV DNA阳性血清1例，阳性率为2.5%，脐血呈阳性的新生儿母亲静脉血中TTV DNA也为阳性。（2）母婴同时检出TTV DNA的血清PCR产物经测序后进行序列比对，二者病毒核苷酸序列的同源性为1005；与日本G2b型代表株核苷酸同源性为98.6%，属于G2b亚型，研究结果表明：TTV存在母婴传播途径，TTV可经胎盘垂直传播。     

AP-PCR检测实验动物病原真菌试验方法研究

目的应用任意引物聚合酶链反应(AP_PCR)检测实验动物真菌。方法应用OPAA11(5′_ACCCGACCTG_3′),OPAA17(5′_GAGCCCGACT_3′),OPD18(5′_GAGAGCCAAC_3′),OPU15(5′_ACGGGCCAGT_3′)四种随机引物随机扩增石膏样毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌和猴类毛癣菌DNA。结果扩增结果电泳后紫外灯下各真菌呈现明显的不同条带和带型。结论四种随机引物中OPAA11的扩增重复效果和四真菌间的扩增条带差异最明显。     

青海牦牛与云南牦牛乳球蛋白基因5′调控区核苷酸序列同源性比较

利用一对PCR引物,寡聚核苷酸序列的上游引物为5-′gCg,AAT,TCA,TCC,CAC,gTg,CCT,gC-3;′下游引物为5-′gAg,AAT,TCC,Tgg,ggA,ggg,ACC,TT-3′。经68℃退火及30轮循环的PCR程序后,分别克隆来自我国青海和云南地区牦牛的乳球蛋白基因的5′调控区1 447 bp的DNA片段。将该片段从琼脂糖凝胶中回收,克隆在pMD18-T Vector后进行序列测定。序列分析结果表明,青海牦牛该序列的核苷酸序列与文献报道的奶牛该基因的同源性为97.65%,云南牦牛该序列的核苷酸序列与奶牛该基因的同源性为96.8%,青海牦牛与云南牦牛该基因片段的核苷酸序列同源性为99.4%。     

苜蓿花叶病毒复制酶基因的克隆、序列分析及其植物表达载体的构建

以侵染苜蓿的苜蓿花叶病毒中国分离株(Alfalfa mosaic virus Chinese isolate，A1MV—Ch)RNA2为模板，利用人工合成的特异性引物，进行反转录及PCR扩增，分两段分别扩增了复制酶基因的5′端1．32kb和3′端及其非编码区的1．23kb cDNA序列．用限制性内切酶切割PCR产物后，与pUCl9重组，转化大肠杆菌DH5α，筛选重组质粒，用限制性内切酶分析及PCR鉴定，得到分别含有5′端序列和3′端序列的重组质粒。已由上述两种重组质粒构建了含有完整复制酶基因的重组质粒．进行了全序列测定，并与国外报道的A1MV-425株系的相应序列相比较，其复制酶基因编码区核苷酸序列同源性达97．8％，推测的氨基酸序列的同源性达97．6％，3′端非编码区核苷酸序列同源性为98．2％．并将全长复制酶基因与植物表达载体pROKⅡ重组，得植物转化载体pAlMV—FL．     

类黄酮3′，5′羟基化酶基因的克隆及转化矮牵牛

类黄酮3′,5′羟基化酶(Flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase,F3′,5′H)是花色素苷代谢途径中的一个关键酶,它使花色素的合成方向趋向于形成蓝色色素翠雀素。利用PCR方法,从“紫蓝色”品系的矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida)总DNA中,克隆到编码F3′,5′H的Hf1、Hf2基因。将Hf2基因正向插入到植物表达中间载体中,通过土壤农杆菌介导的方法转化“淡粉色”品系的矮牵牛。现已得到PCR阳性植株。     

TPM：基于Taverna的PCR引物设计与评估工作流系统

PCR引物设计是PCR实验中关键而重要的一步,而引物的特异性情况直接影响着PCR实验的成败. 首先,设计了基于多因素（序列相似性,引物3′末端自由能,Tm等）的PCR引物特异性评估工具——MFEprimer;其次,在MFEprimer的基础上,结合引物设计软件primer3,在Taverna工作流平台上构建了PCR引物设计（primer3）与评估（MFEprimer）一体的工作流系统——TPM（Taverna-Primer3-MFEprimer）,实现了从引物设计到评估的自动化分析流程,使用简单方便.     

构建重组质粒的二步PCR方法

建立一种简单的重组质粒构建方法——二步PCR,不需要限制性内切酶对基因和载体进行酶切.第一步常规PCR中,用正向引物(IF)和反向杂合引物(IR)扩增黑曲霉木聚糖酶Xyn基因,IF与基因特异性匹配,IR引物3’端与基因序列匹配、5’端含有19 bp p ET20b一端正链序列;第二步反向PCR中,以扩增的Xyn基因作为正向引物,其3’端含有19 bp与环状p ET20b模板退火、并在高保真Q5 DNA聚合酶作用下延伸,与模板另一端互补的反向引物VR协同作用,重组质粒通过PCR扩增出来.反向PCR产物经T4 DNA连接酶环化,并经Dpn I限制性内切酶消解处理,可以直接转化BL21(DE3)感受态细胞.用这种方法将622、639、1125、1209 bp大小的基因重组p ET20b中,显示出有较广泛的普适性.     

黄蜀葵查尔酮合成酶基因AmCHS克隆及序列分析

从黄蜀葵(Abelmoschus manihot) 花瓣中通过简并引物克隆得到查尔酮合成酶基因cDNA 核心序列,根据核心序列设计特异引物,再应用5′RACE 和3′RACE 技术分别扩增该序列的5′末端和3′末端序列,最后通过序列拼接获得黄蜀葵查尔酮合成酶基因（AmCHS）cDNA全序列.序列分析结果表明AmCHS cDNA编码区长1170 bp,编码389个氨基酸.其氨基酸序列与其它已知高等植物CHS基因具有很高的同源性,并且包含了CHS具有的活性位点和催化位点等保守性位点.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with