稻草秸秆同时糖化法制燃料酒精工艺条件

以稻草秸秆为原料,对影响同时糖化法生产酒精的发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量、接种比例及纤维素酶用量等因素进行了优化研究。结果表明,稻草秸秆经过机械粉碎及稀硫酸预处理后,当发酵温度为38℃、接种量为10%、纤维素酶用量为40 IU/g、管囊酵母与酿酒酵母的接种比例为2∶1和发酵时间为72 h的条件下,酒精产率最高(为0.20 g/g稻草秸秆)。     

酸碱预处理对稻草秸秆发酵产氢的影响

随着环保要求的日益严格和化石能源的日益短缺,氢能作为清洁高效的可再生能源受到人们的普遍重视。厌氧发酵生物制氢是利用生物技术分解有机废弃物制备氢气,该工艺设备简单、操作容易、成本低廉等优点。以稻草秸秆为发酵底料,以厌氧活性污泥为接种物,研究酸碱预处理对秸秆发酵产氢的影响。结果表明,H2SO4预处理为最佳的预处理方式;稻草秸秆经1%的H2SO4预处理后发酵气中氢气的最大含量、最高比产氢速率和最高氢气产率分别为47.68%、4.67mL/(h.g)和59.21 mL/g;经1%的NaOH预处理后发酵气中氢气的最大含量、最高比产氢速率和最高氢气产率分别为41.92%、3.24 mL/(h.g)和42.02 mL/g;发酵液相中主要产物为乙醇、乙酸和丁酸。     

瑞氏木霉QM9414利用蔗渣发酵产纤维素酶的研究

以蔗渣为培养基料,通过单因子及正交试验,对瑞氏木霉QM9414固体发酵产纤维素酶的产酶条件进行了探讨.其优化的产酶条件为:甘蔗渣2.5 g,麸皮1 g,加含7.5 g/L(NH4)2SO4的Mandels营养液14 mL(干物质(g)与水(mL)的比例为1:4),调初始pH4.0,30℃发酵120 h.在此优化条件下,每克干曲产纤维素酶酶活力可达8.26 U.     

康宁木霉液态发酵高产纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的研究

对选育的一株康宁木霉（Trichoderma koningii）QF-02进行了液态发酵生产纤维素酶和木聚糖酶的研究。实验结果表明：碳源的种类及性质是影响产酶的关键因素,价廉易得的天然稻草是其产酶的良好碳源。在培养基组成为40目稻草粉4g、Mandels营养液100mL、起始pH值4.8的优化培养条件下,摇瓶培养120h所得3种酶的平均活力分别为：滤纸酶活（FPA）1.43IU/mL, β-葡萄糖苷酶活0.36IU/mL, 木聚糖酶活176.8IU/mL。与商品纤维素酶制剂相比,在FPA载量相同(3FPU/g原料)的情况下,自制的复合酶在水解碱预处理稻草和天然稻草时,总还原糖产量比商品纤维素酶提高55%和40%,葡萄糖产量提高33%和12%。研究结果还表明木聚糖酶和纤维素酶具有协同酶解木质纤维素的作用。     

玉米秸秆高效糖化菌株筛选及其产酶条件研究

高产纤维素酶和半纤维素酶菌株可以有效提高木质纤维素原料制燃料乙醇的产率.研究采用刚果红羧甲基纤维素钠培养基,并结合滤纸条培养基进行初筛,以玉米秸秆粉为发酵培养基进行复筛,筛选到纤维素酶和半纤维素酶高产菌Z-7真菌.采用摇床液体发酵试验并测定纤维素酶活和半纤维素酶活以确定Z-7真菌的最优产酶条件.结果表明,250 mL三角瓶的最佳装瓶量为50 mL,接种量为3%,pH值为5.5,摇床培养温度38℃,最佳产酶时间48 h,在此条件下该菌产CMC-Na酶活达到100 u/mL,半纤维素酶活达到126.6 u/mL.     

纤维素酶固体发酵条件的优化

对以稻草—麸皮为原料、以诱变后的黑曲霉LH2446为菌种固态发酵生产纤维素酶的条件进行了研究。试验确定所试因素的最佳组合为:稻草、麸皮比3∶2,硫酸铵2.0%,培养基起始pH值为自然pH,250mL三角瓶中装培养基10g,培养时间3d,温度35℃,表面活性剂Tween20 0.5%。在此条件下产纤维素酶的最高酶活为20100U/g,平均为19920U/g。     

造纸污泥同步糖化发酵生产燃料乙醇

以卫生纸厂初级污泥作为生物质原料,采用同步糖化发酵法生产燃料乙醇,对其工艺条件进行了优化,并考察了3种非离子表面活性剂(Tween-20、Tween-60、Tween-80)对造纸污泥同步糖化发酵的促进效果.结果表明:合适的工艺条件为反应温度36℃、底物质量浓度100 g/L、酵母接种量6%(体积分数)、纤维素酶用量25 FPU/g;Tween-20能显著促进造纸污泥的同步糖化发酵,添加0.2%的Tween-20时,乙醇产率提高14%;上述工艺条件下反应48 h的乙醇质量浓度达19.5 g/L,是理论值的63.9%.对同步糖化发酵前后污泥及发酵液的主要化学成分进行分析,发现大量纤维素已糖化发酵成乙醇,仅少量半纤维素发生水解,水解产物木糖不能被酵母有效利用发酵成乙醇.扫描电镜分析显示造纸污泥经同步糖化发酵后,长条状的纤维大多被破坏,同时出现了大量椭球状的酵母细胞.     

运动发酵单胞菌利用早籼米生产乙醇的研究

以运动发酵单胞菌ATCC29121为菌种,以早籼米糖化液为原料发酵生产乙醇.通过单因素试验和正交设计试验,研究了发酵温度、pH值、初糖质量浓度、接种量、发酵时间等因素对该菌乙醇产率及生物量的影响.优化后的发酵条件:发酵温度为30℃,pH值为5.5,初糖质量浓度为100g/L,接种量为10%,发酵48 h.在此条件下乙醇产率达0.4 g乙醇/g葡萄糖,葡萄糖的转化率是80.1%.     

秸秆微生物降解及发酵生产乙醇的研究

目的 研究提高微生物降解秸秆的产糖率及利用秸秆降解物发酵生产乙醇的产率.方法 利用单一微生物纯培养和多种微生物混合培养降解秸秆产生可发酵糖,并对秸秆降解物采用非等温同时糖化发酵法(nonisothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,NSSF)和同步糖化发酵法(simultaneous saccharification and fermentation,SSF)进行发酵生产乙醇.结果 采用黑由霉和康宁木霉混合培养降解秸秆时的纤维素酶活力显著高于其他5种降解形式,CMC糖化力(CM-CA)可达到3676U,滤纸糖化力(FPA)可达到680U;采用NSSF法发酵的乙醇产率显著高于采用SSF法发酵的乙醇产率,其最高可达到0.14 g/gDS.结论 采用黑曲霉和康宁木霉混合培养降解秸秆,并采用NSSF法进行发酵生产乙醇,与直接用酶降解秸秆发酵生产乙醇的产率相当,但是成本低于采用商品化的酶.     

一株产高温纤维素酶曲霉菌的发酵条件及培养基优化

对一株产高温纤维素酶的曲霉(Aspergillus sp.)F4菌株进行培养基及发酵条件的优化.最佳产酶液体培养基配方为:稻草粉40 g·L-1,(NH4)2SO43.5 g·L-1,NaCl 2 g·L-1,KH2PO42 g·L-1,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5g·L-1,甘油0.20%,pH 5.5;优化后CMC酶活力提高16.7倍.优化后产酶条件为:接种量4%,温度37℃,摇床转速150 r.min-1,装液量80 mL/250 mL.在此条件下发酵8 d,CMC酶活力达到了12.26 U.mL-1,比优化前提高了约2倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has