Ag/石墨烯复合涂层的制备及抗菌性能

首先用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯（GO）; 其次用原位还原法将银氨溶液中的Ag纳米粒子通过还原剂葡萄糖和GO复合, 获得Ag/GO胶体; 最后在真空干燥条件下得到Ag/GO涂层, 并用真空阶梯热还原技术制备Ag/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)涂层. 利用X射线衍射、 扫描电子显微镜、 透射电子显微镜等方法对膜样品结构形貌进行表征, 并用润湿角测量仪和抑菌环方法分别检测样品的亲/疏水性和抗菌性能. 实验结果表明: 石墨烯基膜材料与基底结合较好, Ag纳米粒子在石墨烯片层间呈球形均匀分布, 粒径为20~50 nm; 纯GO和rGO膜表面未见菌落, 大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌均未出现有效抑菌环; 复合Ag纳米粒子后, 涂层的抑菌效果得到显著提高; 与Ag/GO复合膜相比, Ag/rGO复合膜呈更强的抗菌活性, 即低温退火有助于提高石墨烯基复合涂层的抗菌性能.     

In-situ secondary growth of nanocube-based Prussian-blue film as an ultrasensitive biosensor

A regular nanostructure has been widely confirmed to result ina marked improvement in material performance in biosensing applications.In the present study,a regular nanostructured Prussian blue(PB) film with two heterogeneous crystal layers was synthesized in-situ using a secondary growth method.A PB seed layer was first controlled to form uniform cube-like crystal nuclei through an ultrasonic reaction with a single reactant.Then,well-defined 100 nm PB nanocubes were further crystallized on this seed layer using a self-assembly approach.In order to accelerate the electron transfer rate during the enzyme reaction for glucose detection,the graphene was used as the main cross-linker to immobilize glucose oxidase on the PB film.The as-prepared biosensor exhibited high electrocatalysis and electron conductivity for the detection of trace glucose with a sensitivity of141.5 μA mM~(-1) cm~(-2),as well as excellent anti-interference ability in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid under a low operation potential of-0.05 V.     

Au, Ag and Au:Ag colloidal nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation as SERS substrates

Chemically pure colloidal suspensions of gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation.The dependence of laser fl uence on the surface plasmon characteristics of the nanoparticles was investigated.Au:Ag colloidal suspensions were prepared by mixing highly monodisperse Au and Ag nanocolloids.The plasmon band of these mixtures was found to be highly sensitive to Au:Ag concentration ratio and wavelength of the laser beam used in the ablation process.The Au:Ag mixture consists of almost spherical shaped nanostructures with a tendency to join with adjacent ones.The surface enhanced Raman scattering activity of the Au,Ag and Au:Ag colloidal suspensions was tested using crystal violet as probe molecules.Enhancement in Raman signal obtained with Au:Ag substrates was found to be promising and strongly depends on its plasmon characteristics.     

氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物的表面增强拉曼活性特性

通过水热法合成了氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物,利用透射电镜和紫外光谱对其进行表面特征和吸收特征分析,并以结晶紫为探针分子,利用拉曼技术分析其拉曼活性。研究结果表明,实验得到的氧化石墨烯-金纳米粒子复合物可以成功检测到10^-4 mol/L的结晶紫溶液,具有良好的拉曼活性。     

含Ag-乙二醇纳米流体的制备及其导热性能研究

本文在室温下采用直接还原法制备了含PVP表面修饰、高负载量的纳米银-乙二醇纳米流体。实验详细比较了各种反应条件对Ag纳米粒子结构、大小、形貌以及乙二醇纳米流体的稳定性、负载量的影响。结果表明：由于PVP对银粒子有良好的表面修饰作用和纳米粒子自身的布朗运动,使得银粒子能够稳定地分散于乙二醇流体中。当PVP含量为12.5 g.L-1时,Ag粒子最大负载量可以达到20.96 g.L-1。同时采用仿制的纳米流体导热系数测试装置测定了上述不同负载量流体的导热系数,结果表明纳米流体比纯乙二醇的导热系数明显提高,当银粒子的体积分数为0.06%时,纳米流体的导热系数提高了36%。     

Visible-light-driven Ag/Ag3PO4-based plasmonic photocatalysts: Enhanced photocatalytic performance by hybridization with graphene oxide

An efficient visible-light-driven plasmonic photocatalyst with regard to graphene oxide(GO) hybridized Ag/Ag3PO4(Ag/Ag3PO4/GO) nanostructures has been facilely synthesized via a deposition-precipitation method.The synthesized nanostructures have been characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),X-ray diffraction(XRD),UV-vis spectra,Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and Raman spectra.It has been disclosed that compared with the bare Ag/Ag3PO4 nanospecies,the GO hybridized nanostructures display enhanced photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of methyl orange pollutant under visible-light irradiation.It is suggested that the reinforced charge transfer and the suppressed recombination of electron-hole pairs in Ag/Ag3PO4 /GO,the smaller size of Ag/Ag3PO4 nanospecies in Ag/Ag3PO4/GO,all of which are the consequences of the hybridization of GO,are responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic performance.The investigation might open up new opportunities to obtain highly efficient Ag3PO4-based visible-light-driven plasmonic photocatalyst for the photodegradation of organic pollutants.     

Shape control technology during electrochemical synthesis of gold nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes were prepared by adding gold precursor (HAuCl₄) to an electrolyzed aqueous solution of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and KNO₃, which indicates the good reducing capacity of the PVP-containing solution after being treated by electrolysis. Using a catholyte and an anolyte as the reducing agents for HAuCl₄, respectively, most gold nanoparticles were spherical particles in the former case but plate-like particles in the latter case. The change in the pH value of electrolytes caused by the electrolysis of water would be the origin of the differences in shape and morphology of gold nanoparticles. A hypothesis of the H+ or OH? catalyzed PVP degradation mechanism was proposed to interpret why the pH value played a key role in determining the shape or morphology of gold nanoparticles. These experiments open up a new method for effectively controlling the shape and morphology of metal nanoparticles by using electrochemical methods.     

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Its Morphological Control

Silver nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared in AgNO3 aqueous solution using nanocarbon as template medium and polymer surfactant as protecting agent in an ultrasonic field. The polymer surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone ( PVP) was self-prepared and used directly in aqueous solution form. The molecular weight of PVP was measured by viscosimeter. The crystalline phase,component, size, and morphology of the as-synthesized silver naoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM,FTIR, and Laser Granularity Instrument. The results indicated that ultrasonic was the key factor to deoxidize Ag+to be Ag°nanocarbon and polymer surfactants accelerated the deoxidization reaction course and controlled the agglomeration of freshly formed silver nanoparticles, the category of polymer surfactant had decisive effect on the morphology of as-synthesized nanoparticle. Well-defined dendrites silver nanoparticle could be attained when choosing PVP as surfactant in AgNO3 aqueous solution,while regular sphere silver nanoparticle could be synthesized in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) surfactant.Moreover, the concentration of AgNO3 and ultrasonic action time also had obvious effect on the morphology of silver nanoparticle, low concentration of AgNO3 and long time of ultrasonic were not in favor of forming dendrite silver.     

High-conductivity graphene nanocomposite via facile, covalent linkage of gold nanoparticles to graphene oxide

Graphene and its derivative,graphene oxide (GO) have been substantively used as the main framework for dispersing or building nanoarchitectures because of their excellent properties in electronics and catalysis.The requirement to obtain superior graphene-metal hybrid nanomaterials has led us to explore a facile way to design 4-aminobenzenethiol/1-hexanethiolate-protected gold nanoparticles (aAuNPs)-functionalized graphene oxide composite (aAuNPs-GO) in solution.We demonstrate that when aAuNPs with amino groups are exposed to GO,well-dispersed coverage of Au nanoparticles are mainly observed on the edge of GO sheet.In contrast,when 1-hexanethiolate-protected gold nanoparticles (hAuNPs) without amino groups are exposed to GO,hAuNPs simply aggregate on the surface of GO.This indicates that amino groups located on the surface of Au nanoparticles are an essential prerequisite for attachment of nearly monodispersed aAuNPs.The strategy described here for the fabrication of aAuNPs-GO provides a straightforward approach to develop graphene-based nanocomposites with undamaged sheets structure and good solubility and also improve the conductivity of GO sheets evidently.     

Large-Scale Self-Assembled Ag Nanotubes

A high yield of silver nanotubes with large aspect ratio were conveniently synthesized via an organic-assist solvothermal preparation technique using polyvinyl pyrrolidone （PVP） as a capping reagent and architecture soft-template. The molecular ratio between the repeating unit of PVP and AgNO3 plays a crucial role in determining the geometric shape of the product. Such novel-type Ag nanotubes were self-assembled by Ag nanoparticles, which had largely similar crystallographic orientation, forming a texture. The fact that nanoparticles without anisotropic crystal structures can form such superstructures by self-assembly may open a window for understanding a range of nanotube formation processes.     

Structure and magnetic properties of vacuum annealed FePt/Ag nano-multilayers

The hard disk driver (HDD) technology has been loping quickly for recent years. An aerial density of 2 has been demonstrated by Fujitsu and Seagate espectively. To further improve the recording density, the ic effect will be a serious problem tropy of a- alloy thin films in the ordered 0 phase exhibit a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Ku of the order of 106 J/m3 at room tempera-[1,2] and is very attractive for future high density mag- In the FePt (L10) phase, Fe and Pt atomic c axis, w…     

单分散银纳米粒子的制备与表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为保护剂、水合肼为还原剂、硝酸银溶液为银源,采用化学还原法合成了粒径分布均匀的单分散的纳米银粒子.利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外分光光度计(UV-vis)、X射线衍射(XRD)、马尔文粒径分析仪等测试设备对样品进行了深入的研究与分析.结果表明:所得到的纳米银粒径较小,分布较为均匀;硝酸银浓度、PVP用量、水合肼用量等对纳米银的粒径与形貌影响较大.当硝酸银浓度为150 mg/L,PVP用量为0.2g,水合肼用量为0.1g时,所得到纳米银的粒径最小.     

Ag纳米颗粒修饰对La掺杂ZnO纳米棒光催化性能的影响

采用水热法和光沉积制备Ag纳米颗粒修饰的La掺杂ZnO纳米棒,并通过光催化降解甲基橙(MO)溶液,考查了La掺杂浓度和Ag修饰对ZnO纳米棒光催化性能的影响.结果表明:La掺杂和Ag修饰能够提高ZnO纳米棒的光催化性能.La掺杂改变了ZnO纳米棒的结晶质量,La—O键的形成使ZnO晶体的本征吸收边红移且吸收强度增加,同...     

TiO_2/氧化石墨烯复合材料的合成及光催化性能研究

以自制氧化石墨、钛酸丁酯为主要原料,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2/氧化石墨烯(TiO2/GO)复合材料,采用TEM、XRD对其进行表征。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为模拟废水,研究了该复合材料的光催化降解性能,考察了氧化石墨烯含量、染料初始浓度、催化剂用量等因素对其光催化降解率的影响。结果表明:氧化石墨烯片层上均匀负载着锐钛矿型的TiO2球形颗粒,粒径在10 nm左右;当TiO2/GO复合材料中加入的GO含量为100 mg时光催化活性最好,比相同条件下纯TiO2和TiO2与氧化石墨物理混合物的光催化活性有明显提高;相同条件下,降解率随溶液初始浓度的升高而降低,催化剂用量存在最佳值,100 mg/L的活性艳红X-3B溶液,催化剂用量的最佳值为0.8 g/L,反应60 min后其降解率可达96%。     

Electrochemical exfoliation for few-layer graphene in molybdate aqueous solution and its application for fast electrothermal film

There are still serious barriers from laboratory exploration to large-scale production of commercializing highquality graphene, especially by environmental-friendly methods. In this study, a simple and efficient electrochemical method for the preparation of high-quality water-dispersible graphene has been developed using molybdate aqueous solutions as the electrolyte. The exfoliation of graphite paper could be achieved in the electrolyte with a high yield of a few layers graphene(1–5 layers, 76%) and uniform lateral size(1–6 μm, 90%).The as-obtained few layers graphene well dispersed in aqueous solution with a solubility of ～4 mg mL~(-1) and stability for at least 2 months. It provides a new green method to prepare high-quality graphene. The as-prepared water-dispersible graphene films exhibit significant electrothermal performance, with a steady-state temperature of 147 °C under voltage of 10 V and a maximum heating rate achieved of 11.8 °C s~(-1).     

Ag-Eu(TTA)3AA/PVP纳米纤维的制备及其荧光性能

通过静电纺丝原位反应法、同轴静电纺丝法两种方法制备了Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维,用SEM、TEM和荧光光谱研究了纳米银和所得纤维的形貌以及复合纤维的荧光性能。结果表明,所得纤维的直径小于1000nm,纳米银颗粒的直径从几十至200nm;Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP在纤维中分散均匀;两种方法制备的Ag-Eu(TTA)₃AA/PVP纳米纤维中都存在着纳米银的荧光增强作用。     

Detection and response mechanism of CN− using Ag2S coated piezoelectric crystal sensor

A new method of determination of trace CN⁻ in water was proposed. A thin film of Ag₂S was electrochemically deposited on both sides of a silver coated piezoelectric crystal. The Ag₂S−Ag films can react with CN⁻ selectively, which causes the frequency shifts of the plezoelectric crystal. The frequency shifts are proportional to the concentration of CN⁻ in the range of 10⁻⁶≈10⁻³ g/L. XPS experiments indicated the sensing film was Ag₂S−Ag. A coordination complex Ag−CN⁻ was formed when Ag₂S−Ag film contacted with solution containing CN⁻ ion. A response mechanism was proposed based on the XPS data. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Hu Jiming: born in Sept, 1952, Professor     

Ag表面对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的吸附及纳米结构表面选择机制

为了查明Ag纳米线的选择形成机制以及与表面活性剂之间的相互作用，本文采用了基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了不同Ag晶面结构在聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)体系中稳定性及吸附影响.结果表明：PVP分子体系严重影响不同Ag晶面结构的稳定性，对Ag(200)和Ag(111)晶面结构具有选择性.此外，随着PVP分子聚合度的增加，PVP与Ag(200)晶面的结合比Ag(111)更强，这有助于Ag(200)纳米结构的形成.本文从分子和原子的角度查明了长链PVP分子对Ag纳米结构的调控机制主要受PVP分子中的酮基氧与表面Ag原子之间的成键作用，以及PVP与Ag(200)表面之间的范德华力的影响.     

ZnS：Mn/PVP膜的合成及表征

采用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）作为分散剂,乙醇和水作为溶剂,合成ZnS：Mn/PVP溶液,主要研究了ZnS：Mn/PVP溶液合成时,加热或不加热分别对膜的光致发光谱所产生的影响。实验结果表明,加热有助于Mn2＋在硫化锌基质中的掺杂。荧光光谱的发射峰在600nm附近,为锰的4T1→A61的跃迁发射峰,Mn2＋在ZnS中为分立发光中心。通过XRD测试发现,ZnS：Mn为立方晶型结构,平均尺寸10nm。通过荧光照片更直观地看到了ZnS：Mn/PVP的发光颜色,这种材料在光电材料方面有巨大的应用价值。     

微量Mg对纯Ag的性能影响

 在99.995%Ag中添加8×10^-5Mg制成99.99%纯Ag,进行机械性能测试试验.当ε=98%时,在25℃下保存200d,其强度和硬度稳定不变.即在99.995%的高纯Ag中存在有微量镁,使Ag在结晶过程中出现少量Ag溶Mg的固溶体颗粒,细化Ag的晶粒,晶界增多,变形抗力增大.起到强化和稳定机械性能的作用.