太阳能发电的进展及建议

太阳能发电作为清洁能源有着巨大的潜在市场,将逐步在能源消费结构中占有显著的份额,本世纪内太阳能将成为全球的主要能源之一。本文介绍了当前世界的光伏发展情况,并对我国的光伏发展提出了一些建议。     

Studies in Babylonian lunar theory: part III. The introduction of the uniform zodiac

This paper is the third of a multi-part examination of the Babylonian mathematical lunar theories known as Systems A and B. Part I (Britton, AHES 61:83–145, 2007) addressed the development of the empirical elements needed to separate the effects of lunar and solar anomaly on the intervals between syzygies, accomplished in the construction of the System A lunar theory early in the fourth century B.C. Part II (Britton, AHES 63:357–431, 2009) examines the accomplishment of this separation by the construction of a successful theory depicting the variations due to lunar anomaly in System A and its subsequent adaptation in System B. The present paper examines the introduction of the uniform zodiac, necessary for any theory depicting variations depending on the position of syzygy. It addresses three questions: (1) In light of all available evidence, what is the magnitude of the constant term in the expression Δλ* = C ? 1.3828°Y, describing the difference between the Babylonian sidereal longitudes and modern tropical longitudes? (2) What considerations governed the placement of the Babylonian sidereal zodiac relative to the fixed stars? (3) When was the uniform zodiac introduced? To the first question it finds C = 3.20° ± 0.1°, scarcely different from Huber’s (Centaurus 5:192–208, 1958) estimate of 3.08°, essentially confirming Huber’s result obtained from much less data. For the second it shows that accommodating the three asterisms comprising Taurus limited the placement of the zodiac to within 3°, while the prominence of half sign multiples among the measured intervals between prominent Normal Stars led irresistibly to the choice adopted. Finally, it finds that the zodiac was introduced between ?408 and ?397 and probably within a very few years of ?400.     

Rotavirus and gastroenteritis in the newborn infant. Initial observations]

A simplified method for the diagnosis of Rotavirus by electron microscopy is presented. The incidence of these viruses is observed in new-born infants and the relationship with acute gastroenteritis is recalled.     

我国太阳能光伏产业发展形势和思考

本文介绍了我国太阳能光伏产业发展概况并分析了未来发展趋势。为了对未来的发展趋势有更深刻的认识,在介绍世界光伏产业发展的同时,从21世纪人类能源结构将发生根本性变革的形势出发,论述了发展太阳能光伏发电等可再生能源产业对全人类的必要性和紧迫性,并根据我国能源形势说明我国发展太阳能光伏产业的必要性和紧迫性更加突出。本文以若干案例为据论述了国家的政策法规是影响太阳能等可再生能源产业发展的最关键因素,建议国家尽快制定强有力的政策法规,使我国光伏产业在激烈竞争中持续健康发展,满足我国可持续发展战略的需要。     

月球轨道器交会对接同波束VLBI测量差分相时延实时解算

同波束VLBI技术是解决月球轨道交会对接地面高精度引导的重要手段．传统的多频点同波束VLBI实时解算算法成功解算差分相位整周模糊度的概率较低,而事后统计修正求解整周模糊度的算法存在较大的时间滞后,从而直接影响月球轨道交会对接两个航天器地面定轨、定位的精度以及实时性．在此背景下,本文研究了应用于月球交会对接条件下的同波束VLBI差分相时延实时解算算法．首先给出了多频点同波束VLBI解算差分相时延及整周模糊度的原理,根据差分相关相位整周模糊和差分相时延实时及事后解算结果,对整周模糊度产生的原因进行分析通过求解精确差分群时延值、采用匹配搜索算法以及差分相位连接条件对传统实时解算算法进行改进,提出一种新的差分相时延实时解算算法．利用SELENE同波束VLBI观测数据进行实时解算．结果表明该算法成功解算模糊度的准确度达到95．49％,相对于传统解算算法准确度提高了5．45％．     

Eugenics and politics in Britain in the 1930s

This paper discusses the surprising resurgence in the fortunes of the British eugenics movement in the 1930s. It is argued that although mass unemployment may in the long run have discredited that version of eugenics in which social dependence and destitution were attributed to genetic defect, in the short run the Depression was often perceived as a vindication of the eugenical creed. In particular, the attempt to reduce the fertility of the unemployed by popularising birth control techniques, and the voluntary sterilization campaign aimed at preventing the propagation of defectives from the so-called Social Problem Group, satisfied the urge felt by many conservative members from the professional classes to respond creatively to the country's crisis, without endangering existing social and economic institutions. It is also shown that not until 1938 did events in Germany cause substantial damage to the cause of eugenics in Britain. In fact, the ‘German experiment’ was actually greeted with approval by certain British eugenists of an authoritarian cast of mind. However, the Society as a whole never identified with these right-wing extremists, thanks in part to the moderating influence exercised by its General Secretary, Dr. C. P. Blacker, whose prime concern was with psycho-medical problems likely to concern people of all party persuasions.     

Further observations of the angiotensin vasopressive effect in rabbits

Résumé On n'a pas pu observer un effet du-TM 10 sur l'action de l'angiotensine chez le lapin. Cela indique probablement que l'angiotensine a directement son effet sur les cellules du récepteur. Après l'élévation de pression produite par les doses plus grandes de l'angiotensine, on a pu remarquer une réduction significative de la pression.

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Work done during the tenure of a fellowship from the Sterling-Winthorp Research Institute, Renssalaer, N.Y.     

Picturing the moon: Hevelius’s and Riccioli’s visual debate

This article investigates the maps of the moon produced in the mid-seventeenth century by Jesuit Giambattista Riccioli (1598-1671) and Johannes Hevelius (1611-1687), whose cartographic projects competed for widespread acceptance. Although Hevelius’s Selenographia (1647) was applauded for its many detailed, self-engraved pictures of the moon, his cartography and proposed nomenclature were supplanted by Riccioli’s as offered in Almagestum novum (1651), in spite of the latter’s simplistic pictures and promotion of geocentric cosmology. Exploring this paradox through pictorial analysis, three types of images common to both Selenographia and Almagestum novum are compared, employing an analytical tool developed by Svetlana Alpers in The art of describing (1983). A focus on this debate exposes the tensions evoked by new technologies of vision and competing cultures of visual epistemology in seventeenth-century astronomy. As both selenographers grappled with questions about the role of representation and what kinds of knowledge could be generated visually, the successes and failures of their competing projects present implications for the course of visual astronomy, as well as for our understanding of the use of ‘visual technologies’ in a period of controversy.     

Electron microscopic observations on the parathyroid gland in experimental hypoparathyroidism

Résumé Les modifications ultrastructurales de la glande parathyroïde sont étudiées ici chez les chiens témoins et les chiens avec hypoparathyroïdisme produit par isoimmunisation. On observe une réduction du reticulum endoplasmique des granules sécrétoires ainsi qu'une tuméfaction et vacuolisation des mitochondries; les noyaux ont un aspect dentelé chez les chiens hypoparathyroïdiens. Ces données peuvent apporter une contribution à l'étude de la cytophysiologie de la glande parathyroïde.     

Electron microscopic observations on the spinal projections to the cerebellar nuclei in the cat and rabbit

Zusammenfassung Bei Katze und Kaninchen wurden Projektionen vom Rückenmark zu den Kleinhirnkernen elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht und nach Läsionen des Halsmarkes wurden viele degenerierte Endknöpfe der Kollateralen des Tractus spinocerebellares in den Nuclei medialis und interpositus gefunden.     

Recent observations on the structure and the properties of yeast NMN adenylyltransferase

A homogeneous preparation of yeast NMN adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.1) showed microheterogeneity, which was revealed by FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) ion exchange chromatography. The resolved components have been characterized with respect to electrophoretic behavior and adenine content. The results led to a hypothesis about a possible role of poly(ADP-ribosylation) in modulating the enzyme activity.