车用三效催化转化器劣化性能数值模拟

基于车用三效催化转化器的劣化机理,深入分析了Pt颗粒平均直径、反应频率因子等三效催化转化器主要劣化性能参数.然后将劣化性能参数与化学反应机理相结合,建立了包含劣化过程的三效催化转化器反应模型,并进行数值模拟.结果表明80 000 km劣化后,化学反应失活因子在载体前部最小,储放氧反应失活因子则在载体中部最小,而Pt颗粒平均直径在中部最大,两端均减小,并且模拟值与实验值比较吻合,从而验证了基于劣化性能的三效催化转化器反应模型的有效性.     

汽车尾气三效催化转化器及其最新进展

汽车尾气控制已成为现今中国环保的热门话题。在机外净化系统中，由于三效催化转化器的成熟性和可靠性，无疑是中国汽车尾气控制的首选技术。目前，中国新生产的小型车全部安装进口的三效催化转化器。但是，仅靠进口不能支撑汽车工业的发展，中国必须研究和开发适合自己国情的三效催化转化器。文章全面论述了汽车排气污染物的危害、三效催化转化器的构造、催化原理、制作工艺、失活机理等方面的问题，特别讨论了三效催化转化器的工作技术要求和满足这些要求的途径。在此基础上，指出了中国研究发展自己的三效催化转化器的方向。     

车用三效催化转化器劣化性能参数灰色关联分析

建立老化机理与化学反应结合、铂(Pt)颗粒平均直径与反应频率因子修正化学反应的三效催化转化器劣化仿真模型.通过将NO和CO转化效率的仿真结果与实验结果对比,验证模型的有效性,并将仿真结果进行灰色关联分析.研究结果表明:过量空气系数、入口温度、扩张角、行驶里程的关联度均大于0.5,均是影响三效催化转化器劣化性能的主要因素,其中行驶里程的关联度最大,是最主要的影响因素,与事实相符,证明灰色关联分析方法用于分析三效催化转化器劣化影响因素是有效的.     

车用三效催化转化器剩余寿命的非等间隔灰色预测

为了有效预测车用三效催化转化器的剩余寿命,在进行快速老化试验后,采用氮吸附法测定三效催化转化器比表面积,并在其实验比表面积减小率的基础上采用非等间隔灰色预测模型对车用三效催化转化器剩余寿命进行预测,并对其预测结果的残差进行后验差检验.研究结果表明:在进行快速老化试验204 min后,比表面积减小6.42％,即车用三效催化转化器耐久性寿命至少还有12万km:后验差比值C＜0.35,小误差概率P＞0.95,表明车用三效催化转化器剩余寿命的非等间隔灰色预测模型预测结果具有较高的精度.     

催化转化器载体对流场及压力损失的影响

利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件,建立了催化转化器流场的二维模型。对催化转化器的稳态流动进行了数值模拟．在此基础上对不同载体参数催化转化器的流动分布和压力损失进行数值计算,分析了载体长度、长径比和开口率等结构参数与催化转化器流场及压力损失的关系．数值计算表明：载体对气流的阻力能起到使之趋向于均匀分布的作用．     

歧管式催化转换器的流场分析及结构改进

建立了某催化转化器的流体力学模型,并利用CFD软件对原歧管式催化转化器和改进后的催化转化器的内部流场进行分析．模拟结果表明：改进后催化转化器的流场分布更加均匀,提高了歧管式催化转化器载体前端截面的气流分布均匀性指数和催化剂使用率,与此同时,改进方案还减少了歧管式催化转化器运行时的压力损失,在一定程度上提升了发动机燃油经济性和歧管式催化转化器的使用寿命．     

汽车三效催化转化器陶瓷衬垫质量检测系统设计

本文介绍了汽车三效催化转化器陶瓷衬垫组成和性质,说明了衬垫质量对其性能的影响;详细阐述了催化转化器衬垫质量检测系统的设计过程,利用该系统可以准确测量不同型号衬垫的质量以及判断不同型号、批次或日期的产品合格率,从而对加工工序具有指导意义。     

稀燃汽油机Nox排放控制的实验研究

开发了一套适用于稀燃汽油机的电控节气门系统以配合NOx吸附 还原催化转化器的再生过程.该系统对节气门开度以及点火提前角施以相应的特殊控制,以满足NOx吸附 还原催化转化器的工作要求,同时保持输出功率的稳定.将稀燃NOx吸附 还原催化转化器配合三效催化转化器应用于丰田8A16气门EFI发动机进行稀燃匹配实验,大大降低稀燃发动机的NOx排放,NOx排放最低可达50×10-6,最高转化率达91%.发动机浓稀转换频率越低,NOx排放越高,但其对NOx排放总体影响不大;负荷对NOx排放的影响较大,负荷越大,NOx排放越高.     

车用催化转化器封装结构对其内部流动的影响

采用计算流体力学的方法，针对一典型催化转化器，研究了催化转化器封装几何结构对其内部流动特性的影响，分析了催化器扩压器的扩压角、收缩管的收缩角和载体的安装位置对催化器流动特性的影响，为催化转化器的结构优化设计提供了必要的指导．     

车用催化转化器内气体的流动均匀性

使发动机的废气尽可能均匀地通过整个催化剂载体是催化转化器优化设计的主要目标之一。采用数值模拟的方法研究了车用催化转化器内气体的流动均匀性 ,把蜂窝载体当作连续的多孔介质进行处理 ,用当量连续法建立了载体的流体动力学模型 ,并用计算流体力学软件 STAR- CD对常见的圆形催化转化器进行稳态流动数值模拟 ,模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好。在此基础上 ,研究了催化转化器结构、空速以及载体阻力等对流动的影响。研究表明 :对扩张管的形状、结构进行优化设计是改善催化转化器内气体流动均匀性的一种切实可行的办法     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that