Ultrathin wavy nanowires of high-entropy alloy as cocktail solution in methanol oxidation reaction

High entropy alloys(HEAs) with adjustable composition and diverse surface active sites show good catalytic performance of methanol oxidation reaction(MOR). However, the synthesis and morphology control of HEA remains a challenge. Herein, we use a fast co-reduction method to synthesize a series of ultrathin wavy nanowires(WNWs) with an average diameter of 3–5 nm, including Pt-based and Pd-based binary alloys, and HEA with different pairs of immiscible elements. The catalytic properties of Pt Pd A...     

脊髓灰质炎病毒I型单克隆抗体的制备

目的: 为建立脊灰病毒Sabin株I型特异的单克隆抗体．方法:以Vero细胞增殖病毒并用蔗糖密度梯度离心法纯化后,用病毒免疫SPF级Balb/c小鼠．取小鼠免疫脾淋巴细胞与SP2/0-Ag14骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合,通过间接 ELISA 法筛选抗体阳性的杂交瘤细胞,并用有限稀释法克隆化．用细胞培养法制备脊灰病毒单抗,并以中和试验测定单抗效价．结果:获得了8株分泌抗脊灰病毒Sabin株I型单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,其中1株G8G7能够稳定分泌抗体．间接ELISA 法测得单抗的效价为1∶8,中和试验测得中和抗体的效价为1∶58．结论:G8G7分泌的抗体为抗脊灰病毒Sabin株I型特异的单克隆抗体.     

Platinum-supported mesoporous carbon (Pt/CMK-3) as anodic catalyst for direct methanol fuel cell applications: The effect of preparation and deposition methods

Platinum-supported ordered mesoporous carbon catalysts were prepared employing colloidal platinum reduced by four different reducing agents, viz., paraformaldehyde, sodium borohydride, ethylene glycol and hydrogen, and deposited over ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) synthesized by silica hard template (SBA-15). The resulting platinum nanoparticles supported mesoporous carbon, designated as Pt/CMK-3, catalysts were tested for the electocatalytic oxidation of methanol. The effect of the various reduction methods on the influence of particle size vis- a-vis on the electrocatalytic effect is investigated. All the catalysts were systematically characterized by XRD, BET and TEM. The results of the synthetic methods, characterization techniques and the electrocatalytic performance indicate that the Pt/CMK-3 catalysts are superior to that prepared with activated carbon (Pt/AC) as well as with that of the commercial platinumsupported carbon catalyst (Pt/E-TEK). In particular, the catalyst, Pt/CMK-3, prepared using paraformaldehyde reduced platinum showed much higher activity and long-term stability as compared to the other reducing methods.     

一类新共轭梯度法在几种非精确线搜索下的收敛性

讨论在三种非精确线搜索下，NCG法的收敛性质。     

两套甲醇装置的改造与利用

节能减排、热能综合利用和水资源保护是化工装置综合生产指标评定的重要因素。本文对格尔木炼油厂10×10^4t和30×10^4t甲醇装置的余热回收、蒸汽冷凝液利用进行计算分析,探讨了蒸汽冷凝液替代脱盐水、转化气热量综合利用在生产过程中的应用。提出的改造方案可节省低压蒸汽23000kg／h,水63750kg／h,年节省费用为2943万元。     

架空输电线波参数的一种实用测试方法

运用电报方程推导出三线－地耦合传输线零分量和正序分量传输线方程。提出了在架空输电线终端开路和短路的条件下,应用起端电压相量和电流相量,确定架输电线零序渗参数和正序波参数的原理和方法,通过在实际线路上的测试实验表明,该方法有效。     

Segregation of MHC class II molecules from MHC class I molecules in the Golgi complex for transport to lysosomal compartments.

Traffic of MHC molecules dictates the source of peptides that are presented to T cells. The intracellular distribution of MHC class I and class II molecules reflects the dichotomy in presentation of antigen from endogenous and exogenous origin, respectively. In human B lymphoblastoid cells, class I molecules are present in compartments constituting the biosynthetic pathway, whereas class II molecules enter structures related to lysosomes during their biosynthesis.     

关于点与简单多边形位置关系的一种算法

本文指出了文献[1]《计算几何-算法分析与设计》中两种算法的不足之处，并提出了一种新的算法-点与简单多边形的位置关系转化成点与折线段的位置关系。     

Peptide binding to class I MHC on living cells and quantitation of complexes required for CTL lysis

Antigenic peptides are presented to CD8+T lymphocytes by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Peptides specifically bind to purified class I molecules in vitro, and to class I molecules on cells at nonphysiological temperatures. We report here the kinetic and equilibrium parameters for the binding of radiolabelled influenza nucleoprotein peptides (NP-Y365-380 and shorter homologues) to the murine H-2Db molecule on intact, viable cells at 37 degrees C. In contrast to earlier reports, we show that peptide binding is rapid and reversible, with dissociation constants ranging from nanomolar to micromolar, suggestive of typical ligand-receptor interactions. Only 10% of cell-surface Db molecules can bind these peptides. To address the relationship between peptide binding and T-cell recognition of the antigen-MHC complex, we determined the minimum number of complexes required to sensitize a target cell for lysis by class I-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Our data indicate that EL4 thymoma cells (H-2b) can be sensitized for lysis by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes when as few as 200 class I-peptide complexes (less than 0.08% of surface Db molecules) are present per cell.     

由甲醇与丙酮合成甲基乙烯基酮铜基催化剂的研究

用连续流动微型反应一色谱装置评价由甲醇与丙酮合成甲基乙烯基酮（ＭＶＫ）铜基催化剂。研究了载体、助催剂、反应温度及时间对催化性能的影响。结果表明，以ＳｉＯ２为载体并添加Ｃｒ２Ｏ３和ＫＯＨ助催剂，ＭＶＫ选择性大大提高，催化性能也较稳定。用ＸＰＳ分析催化剂表面发现铜的化学状态是Ｃｕ＋，认为Ｃｕ２Ｏ是催化剂活性相组份并使甲醇脱氢为甲醛，后者是生成ＭＶＫ的关键中间物。     

《论语》"毋吾以也"释义商榷

《论语.先进》是中学文言文教材的一篇传统课文,也多被一些大学古汉语教材选录,其中“以吾一日长乎尔,毋吾以也”一句,各种教材对它的解释不统一,给教学和学习带来很大困难。全文认真考察了历来对这句话的解释情况,并从语法、语用、语境等方面进行了深入细致地分析,提出了自己的见解。     

T-cell recognition of a chimaeric class II/class I MHC molecule and the role of L3T4

In addition to expressing clonally distributed antigen-specific and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted receptors, T cells also express non-clonally distributed surface molecules that are involved in T-cell function. Among the most intriguing of the latter are L3T4 and Lyt 2, which are expressed on individual T lymphocytes in striking, though not absolute, concordance with their restriction by either class II or class I MHC determinants, and which are thought to contribute to the overall avidity of T-cell interactions by binding to monomorphic determinants on class II and class I MHC molecules, respectively. To examine the ability of T cells to recognize a single class II domain in the absence of the remainder of the Ia molecule, as well as to evaluate the structural basis for the putative interaction of L3T4 with Ia, a recombinant class II/class I murine MHC gene was constructed and introduced into mouse L cells. Here we demonstrate that a subset of class II allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can specifically recognize and lyse L-cell transfectants expressing an isolated polymorphic A beta 1 domain, and that anti-L3T4 antibody can block such killing, a result inconsistent with the highly conserved membrane-proximal domains of Ia acting as unique target sites for L3T4 binding.     

TPR-TPO技术研究甲醇直接脱氢铜基催化剂

TPR-TPO是一种表征负载或非负载的金属或金属氧化物催化剂的高灵敏度技术,用此技术研究甲醇直接俄氢制无水甲醛负载型铜基催化剂Cu/SiO_2和Cu-Cr/SiO_2,动力学活性评价表明Cu-Cr/SiO_2的活性和单程寿命明显优于Cu/SiO_2,XPS和TPR-TPO谱测定,以及催化剂的再生实验结果表明,Cu的还原以及表面积炭是活性下降的主要原因,在高温条件下,铬组份可能以铬酸铜形式存在,使部分铜难还原,并阻碍了铜微晶的聚集。     

中产阶层视野下对我国网球热的审视

阐述了网球热的具体表现,从中产阶层中间性、专业性和高教育性的特点出发,分析了网球运动的文化性、专业化和市场化,并指出中产阶层经济实力的增强,构建私人领域、大众传媒的导向是我国网球热形成的重要原因。     

Peptide ligand-induced conformation and surface expression of the Ld class I MHC molecule

Newly synthesized major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum are thought to bind peptides of foreign and endogenous antigens. Several lines of evidence indicate that beta-2 microglobulin (beta 2m) and/or peptide ligand participate in the intracellular transport and surface expression of class I molecules, but the nature of their involvement is still unclear. Here we present evidence that culturing non-mutant cells (fibroblast, thymoma or mastocytoma) with a peptide ligand specific for the Ld class I molecule of the mouse leads to a dramatic (fourfold) and specific induction of Ld surface expression. Surprisingly, this peptide ligand-induced expression of Ld does not result in an increased intracellular association of Ld with beta 2m. These findings demonstrate that the previously reported decrease in surface expression of Ld results from its failure to be saturated with endogenous self-peptide ligands. This unique feature of Ld could also contribute to the fact that several virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses have been found to be Ld-restricted.     

车用甲醇汽油燃料技术性能

为规范甲醇汽油燃料的应用和生产,研究了甲醇与汽油互溶问题。通过发动机的动力性和经济性试验,确定了甲醇的添加比例、甲醇汽油的标号和甲醇汽油标准指标。研究结果表明:体积分数为15%、25%两种比例的甲醇汽油在应用时,无需对车辆做任何改动,功率分别能达到国标90#汽油的97%和93%,排放平均下降10%,经济性提高约6%。     

Progress in crystallization of major histocompatibility complex class I in vertebrates

The major histocompatibility complex(MHC)of proteins that exists in all vertebrates is encoded by a cluster of genes associated with the immune response and related functions.MHC is divided into MHC I,II,and III;MHC I is involved in antigenic presentation,binding T cell receptors,and leading ultimately to specific cellular immune responses.The complicated functions of MHC I are determined by the nature of the complex.The crystal structure of MHC I has been solved for many animals,revealing the relationship between spatial structure and function.MHC I consists of an a heavy chain and a b2m light chain,both ligated non-covalently to a complex when a peptide is bound to the antigenic-binding groove.The a heavy chain is divided into an extracellular domain,a transmembrane domain,and an intracellular domain.The extracellular domain consists of sub-regions a1,a2,and a3.The a1 and a2 together form the antigenic-binding groove and bind antigenic peptides with 8–10 amino acid residues.MHC I can form a stable spatial structure;however,it should be noted that there are differences in the structure of MHC I among animal species,including anchored amino acids in binding peptides,binding sites,molecular distance,crystallization conditions,etc.Here,progress in determination of the crystal structure of human,mouse,chicken,non-human primate,and swine MHC I is described in detail.     

改进型铜基甲醇合成催化剂的制备研究

在三组分铜基催化剂Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ中添加少量第四组分金属氧化物助剂ＭＯ＿ｘ，制得改进型四组分铜基甲醇合成催化剂Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ａｌ－Ｍ（ＸＨ４０２）；５．０ＭＰａ压力下的活性评价结果表明ＸＨ４０２催化剂合成甲醇时空得率比工业甲醇合成催化剂Ｃ３０１提高２５％。催化剂的ＸＲＤ表征显示，工作态ＸＨ４０２催化剂的活性相特征峰２θ＝４３．３２°的强度比Ｃ３０１的提高约３０％。     

A recycling pathway between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus for retention of unassembled MHC class I molecules

Assembly of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules involves the interaction of two distinct polypeptides (the heavy and light chains) with peptide antigen. Cell lines synthesizing both chains but expressing low levels of MHC class I molecules on their surface as a result of a failure in assembly and transport have been identified. We now report that although the apparent steady-state distribution in these cells of class I molecules is in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the molecules in fact are recycled between the ER and Golgi, rather than retained in the ER. This explains the failure of class I molecules to negotiate the secretory pathway. Class I molecules do not seem to be modified by Golgi enzymes, suggesting that the proteins do not reach the Golgi apparatus during recycling. But morphological and subcellular fractionation evidence indicates that they pass through the cis Golgi or a Golgi-associated organelle, which we postulate to be the recycling organelle. This compartment, which we call the 'cis-Golgi network', would thereby be a sorting organelle that selects proteins for return to the ER.