烟梗微波膨化基本规律的研究

烟梗是烟草生产的副产物,对其进行膨胀制粒作为烟卷的填充料不仅提高了装填体积和燃烧性能,而且还能降低成本和改善卷烟品质。采用微波膨化方法研究了烟梗膨化的影响因素和基本规律,实验表明烟梗含水率对烟梗微波膨化率有重要影响,烟梗含水率在18%~21%之间膨化效果最佳,膨化烟梗无碳化现象;微波膨化时间也是影响烟梗膨化重要因素,最佳膨化时间约为70~80 s;在烟梗微波膨化过程中,温度发生明显变化,当温度为85~95℃时,烟梗膨化显著,温度的变化可作为一个重要控制参数;加入适量膨化剂不仅提高烟梗膨化率,而且改善了烟梗膨化质量,膨化剂对烟梗微波膨化有重要作用。微波膨化烟梗加热均匀、快速,温度易控,设备体积小,因此微波膨化烟梗将具有一定的应用前景。     

莲子双螺杆挤压膨化工艺的研究

以莲子为原料,采用双螺杆挤压膨化技术开发莲子膨化食品.研究了原料颗粒大小、原料含水量、进料速度、挤压膨化温度及螺杆转速等因素对莲子膨化的影响.结果表明:当莲子目数大于或等于40目时,莲子膨化较优工艺为:进料速度17～19 r/min,原料含水量14%～16%,膨化温度155～165℃,螺杆转速135～145 r/min.     

长白山次生白桦林不同演替阶段环境因子特征

通过野外环境因子监测,分析研究了长白山次生白桦林不同演替阶段环境因子的变化规律.结果表明:演替是环境因子指标变化的主导因素;林内空气温度、林内空气温度日振幅和相对湿度日振幅随群落演替下降,光合有效照度和相对湿度随群落演替升高,土壤温、湿度不随着群落演替有规律变化;变化速率vav能明显地反映环境因子随群落演替的变化规律,通过比较vav获得了群落演替过程中环境因子的敏感性:光合有效照度5 cm深土壤湿度相对湿度日振幅10 cm深土壤湿度林内空气温度日振幅相对湿度林内空气温度20 cm深土壤温度10 cm深土壤温度.     

室内热环境参数对人体火用损的影响研究

从热力学角度探讨了室内热环境对人体火用损的影响,提出了人体火用及人体火用损的定义,并确定了人体火用计算的基准点.然后以冬季典型办公房间为研究对象,定量分析了室内热环境参数对人体火用损的影响,发现当空气相对湿度为10%~50%时,室内空气温度和室内平均辐射温度的变化对人体火用损影响较大,而当室内空气温度和室内平均辐射温度均小于20℃时,室内空气相对湿度的变化对人体火用损影响较小.     

舒适性与空调系统能耗研究

分析了热舒适性与空调系统负荷之间的关系，通过调查统计数据研究了温度和相对湿度对人体热舒适性的影响。结果表明，在所统计的人群范围和一定热舒适性温度范围内，改变相对湿度几乎不影响环境热舒适性，同时发现在人体热舒适性范围内，改变相对湿度将更多地影响空调系统负荷，空调系统的节能和保证舒适的热环境在一定条件下可达到相对统一。     

巧克力充气膨化机理的研究与试验

研讨了巧克力充气膨化率与浆料的成份、温度、粘度及机械搅拌的速度、时间、压力等的关系,提出了巧克力浆料膨化的最佳工艺。实验证明:可使巧克力浆料在原体积的基础上膨化至200％以上。该膨化方法,不仅保留了传统巧克力的营养与色香味,而且具有口感疏松、细腻、爽口等优点。     

果蝇培养效果的影响因子分析

针对实验室饲养的果蝇常出现发育迟缓、繁殖慢、生长周期长,以及因污染导致死亡等问题,对果蝇培养器具、培养基配方、培养温湿度等影响果蝇培养效果的因子进行了试验分析.结果显示:在17℃温度、相对湿度50%、配方A的条件是果蝇留种的最佳环境;17℃、相对湿度50%、配方C是染色体分析用果蝇的最佳培养环境;实验温度为23℃、相对湿度为50%、配方为B的条件为杂交实验和药用果蝇的最佳培养环境.     

发芽糙米挤压膨化产品的质量性状分析

采用了Design-expert中心组合试验研究了双螺杆挤压膨化工艺技术对发芽糙米的影响,通过膨化率、吸水性指数、水溶性指数因素和回归旋转试验研究物料水分、螺杆转速和膨化温度对挤压产品质量性状,各质量性状间的相关关系从而确定发芽糙米挤压膨化产品质量性状和工艺参数间的关系,构建产品质量评价指标体系.结果表明,发芽糙米最佳条件为膨化温度140℃、螺杆转速250 r/min,物料水分22.3%.物料水分含量显著影响发芽糙米的吸水性和水溶性;且吸水性、水溶性与膨化度之间相关性显著.发芽糙米挤压膨化工艺参数与产品质量性状间相关性显著.     

基于自适应模糊神经网络的畜禽舍环境控制系统的研究

畜禽舍环境对家畜的健康、生长及遗传潜力的发挥等有重要影响,随着设施、规模化、集约化养殖的迅猛发展,对畜禽舍环境进行控制、创造一个适宜的生长环境,是目前畜禽业的发展方向.针对北方寒冷地区的特点,选取分娩母猪舍内最主要的环境影响因素:温度、相对湿度和氨气浓度作为控制对象,研究了分娩母猪舍环境控制的硬件和软件实现,建立了基于T-S型自适应模糊神经控制算法的猪舍小气候环境温度模型,实现了猪舍环境的精确的自动监测和控制.本系统在内蒙古农牧业科技园区的分娩母猪舍进行了实施和试验,结果表明,在保证舍内所需温度基本恒定的条件下,能使舍内相对湿度和氨气浓度保持在适宜范围内,证实了系统的可行性和实用性.     

基于微波辐射计的大气温湿廓线遥感探测

利用2010年1-6月甘肃省榆中站(52983)逐日的探空资料和兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站(SACOL)的地基微波辐射计反演资料,对榆中所在的半干旱地区大气的温度和相对湿度的垂直分布特征进行了分析.通过对比探空资料,讨论了微波辐射计的探测性能和反演效果,并对2013年1-3月微波辐射计反演的温度进行了偏差订正.结果表明微波辐射计反演资料与探空资料反映的温湿垂直分布趋势基本一致,温度的拟合效果优于相对湿度.近地层反演效果较好,温度的相关系数大于0.90,相对湿度的相关系数大于0.80,均通过了显著性水平为0.01的相关性检验.距地2~7km之间,微波辐射计反演的温度小于探空观测值,相对湿度大于探空观测值.温度订正效果显著,但仍存在一定的偏差.     

Retrieval and analysis of sea surface air temperature and relative humidity

Air temperature and relative humidity have been the main parameters of meteorology study.In the past data could be obtained from in-situ observations,but the observations are local and sparse,especially over ocean.Now we can get them from satellites,yet it is hard to estimate them from satellites directly so far.This paper presents a new method to retrieve monthly averaged sea air temperature(SAT) and relative humidity(RH) near sea surface from satellite data with artificial neural networks(ANN).Compared with the observations in Pacific and Atlantic,the root mean square(RMS) and the correlation between the estimated SAT and the observations are about 0.911 and0.99,respectively.The RMS and the correlation of RH are about 3.73%and 0.65,respectively.Compared with the multiple regression mediod,the ANN methodology is more powerful in building nonlinear relations in this research.Thus the global monthly average SAT and RH are retrieved from the fixed ANN network from July 1987 to May 2004.In general the annual average SAT shows the increasing trend in recent 18 years.The abnormality of SAT is decomposed with the empirical orthogonal function(EOF).The leading three EOFs could explain 84%of the total variation.EOF1(76.1%) presents the seasonal change of the SAT abnormality.EOF2(4.6%) is mainly related with ENSO.EOF3(3.3%) shows some new interesting phenomena appearing in the three main currents in Pacific,Atlantic and Indian Ocean.     

添加剂对聚N,N-二乙基丙烯酰胺温度敏感性的影响

通过自由基聚合，合成了线型聚N，N—二乙基丙烯酰胺(LPDEA)和交联聚N、N—二乙基丙烯酰胺(CPDEA)。研究了NaCl、KCl，NaOH，KOH，十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液以及SDS与NaCl混合水溶液对LPDEA热转变温度的影响和对CPDEA溶胀比的影响。结果表明NaCl，KCl，NaOH，KOH的加入会导致LPDEA热转变温度降低和CPDEA溶胀比减少，其中起主导作用的是阴离子，而且氢氧根离子比氯离子的影响更显著；SDS的加入使得LPDEA的热转变温度升高；同时加入SDS和NaCl后，NaCl和SDS浓度比在某一特定范围时，LPDEA的热转变温度和CPDEA的溶胀比变化较小。若该浓度比大于该范围时，NaCl的影响较显著，反之SDS的影响则较显著。     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺共聚和互穿聚合物网络温敏凝胶的溶胀与释药性能

制备了不同配比的P(NIPAm-co-AAm)共聚水凝胶和PAAc/P(NIPAm-co-AAm)互穿聚合物网络(IPN)水凝胶,研究了其溶胀与释药性能.结果表明:该共聚水凝胶具有热缩温敏性,而该IPN水凝胶具有热胀温敏性.随AAm含量的增加,该共聚水凝胶溶胀比减小,温敏性减弱,释药率减小;与此相反,随AAm含量的增加,该IPN水凝胶溶胀比增大,温敏性增强,释药率增大.     

PEG、SDBS及其复配体系对蒙脱土水化膨胀的抑制作用

通过线性膨胀、粒度分布和Zeta电势的测定，研究了聚乙二醇(PEG)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及其复配体系对蒙脱土水化膨胀和分散作用的影响．结果表明，PEG／SDBS复配体系具有显著的抑制蒙脱土水化膨胀和分散的能力，改善并降低了温度对蒙脱土水化膨胀和分散的影响；结果还表明，线性膨胀实验和粒度分布实验具有同一性;即抑制性越强，越容易使蒙脱土颗粒聚集．     

Cloning of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) histone H3 promoter and the activity analysis in rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus)

Rainbow trout histone H3(RH3)promoter was cloned via high fidelity PCR.The cloned RH3 promoter was inserted into a promoter-lacked vector pEGFP-1,resulting in an expression vector pRH3EGFP-1.The linearized pRH3EGFP-1 was microinjected into fertilized eggs of rare minnows and the sequential embryogenetic processes were monitored under a fluorescent microscope.Strong green fluorescence was ubiquitously observed at as early as the gastrula stage and then in various tissues at the fry stage.The results indi cate that RH3 promoter,as a piscine promoter,could serve in producing transgenic Cyprinoid such as rare minnow.Promoter activity of RH3,CMV and common carp β-actin(CA)were compared in rare minnow by the expression of respective recombinant EGFP vectors.The expression of pCMVEGFP occurred earlier than the following one,pRH3EGFP-1,and then pCAEGFP during the embryogenesis of the transgenics.Their expression activities demonstrated that the CMV promoter is the strongest one,followed by the CA and then the RH3.     

Chromosomal localization of a novel retinoic acid induced geneRA28 and protein distribution of its encoded protein

GeneRA28 is a retinoic acid induced novel gene isolated in our laboratory previously. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was used to induce lung adenocarcinoma cell line GLC-82, andRA28 was obtained by subtractive hybridization. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has emerged as a unique tool for examining introcellular phenomena in living cells. GFP possesses an intrinsic fluorescence at 488 nm that does not require other co-factors. In this report, an eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-C1-RA28 was constructed and transfected with parental cell line GLC-82 to analyze protein expression and its distribution in living cells. Moreover, radiation hybrid (RH) technique was used to localizeRA28 to the chromosome. The results show that geneRA28 is mapped to the chromosome 19q13.1 region, its encoded protein is distributed on cell membrane. All the results further demonstrate that GFP and RH techniques are accurate, fast, repetitive, and will be powerful methods for investigating the gene and protein localization.     

聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)交联改性研究

采用化学方法对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行交联改性,交联剂为过氧化苯甲酰(BPO).研究了交联剂添加量对交联体系性能的影响.采用溶胀法、差示扫描量热法、X射线衍射、平板流变仪等手段对交联后PBS的凝胶含量、结晶和熔融行为、动态流变性能进行了研究.结果表明:随着BPO添加量的增加,交联PBS的凝胶含量升高,复数黏度、储能模量和损耗模量均显著增大;结晶度和熔点降低,但结晶温度有所提高.     

一条在人睾丸中高表达的新的环指蛋白(RNF20)

从人胎脑构建的cDNA文库中,通过大规模测序筛选的方法获得一条新基因,该基因蛋白序列含有1个环指（RING finger)基序及2个进核信号（nuclear localization signal NLS)序列,钭此基因命名为RNF20（RING Finger 20),用放射杂交细胞系（Radial hybrid RH)方法定位此基因在人染色体的9q22上,Northern杂交表明,其mRNA在睾丸组织中高表达,用小鼠睾丸做原位杂交表明,小鼠的同源基因在精原细胞及初级精母细胞中高表达,未成年小鼠睾丸中的精原细胞没有发达,提示RNF20可能参与精子发生的调控作用。     

井下避难硐室温湿度分布及耦合机理研究

为提高避险人员的生存舒适品质,建立基于密闭小空间的载人试验,对人体热舒适的温湿度耦合影响进行了定量分析和研究,验证了避难硐室配置制冷除湿装置的必要性,并对硐室内温湿度的主要扰动源进行分析和计算.采用CFD技术,构建了氧气瓶供氧时的避难硐室三维模型.模拟结果表明:无空调时避难硐室温湿度在9h内能达到33℃,90%,即人体闷热的环境条件;通过制冷除湿装置能有效地将其控制在30℃,83%以下.通过现场载人试验,验证了数值模拟的可靠性,并得硐室内温度达到28℃时,相对湿度应控制在80%以下.为避险设施设计提供指导性依据.     

Swelling Behaviors of Polyaniline-Poly（Acrylic Acid） Hydrogels

Using poly（acrylic acid） （PAA） aqueous solution, NaOH aqueous solution, aniline （An） and ammonium persulfate （APS）, PAn-PAA hydrogels with a semi-interpenetrating structure connected by physical interlocks, chemical ion bonds and hydrogen bonds were prepared. The swelling properties of the hydrogels in solutions of different pH values （adjusted by adding NaOH or HCI） were studied. All the hydrogels prepared have similar swelling curves （the curves of equilibrium swelling ratio vs. pH value） and reach their maximum swelling at pH of 8 - 10. The maximum swelling ratio of the hydrogels is dependent on composition, including molecular weight of PAA, polymer content of the hydrogel, and molar ratios of AA to An, APS to An, and NaOH to AA, And the compositional dependence of the swelling capacity of PAn-PAA hydrogels was also studied.