涡轮轮缘密封封严效率的数值研究

采用三维RANS方程组和SST湍流模型研究了涡轮轮缘密封的封严效率。以实验用模型透平航空发动机涡轮轮缘密封为对象,计算了轮缘密封封严效率,计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,从而验证了数值方法的可靠性。在8种冷却气流流量下,研究了3种不同动静叶轴向距离和轮缘密封轴向位置的封严效率的变化特性,结果表明:在所研究的轮缘密封结构下,随着动静叶轴向距离的增大,主流入侵流量降低,封严效率升高;动静叶轴向距离一定时,轮缘密封轴向位置越靠近静叶,则主流入侵流量越大,封严效率越低。     

透平级气动及运行参数对轮缘密封封严性能影响的数值研究

以燃气轮机中常用的径向轮缘密封为研究对象,系统深入地研究了透平级压比、转速等参数的改变对轮缘密封封严性能的影响规律。通过求解三维RANS方程组和SST湍流模型,在基于添加示踪流体湍流输运附加变量控制方程的基础上,首先计算得到了4种透平进出口压比、4种透平级转速工况条件下的典型径向轮缘密封的封严效率;其次,对比了不同动静叶片周向相对位置对轮缘密封封严性能的影响。研究结果表明:当透平级压比和转速变化时,将通过影响动叶前缘压力势场分布来影响轮缘密封封严性能;随着压比的增加,周向压力不均匀程度变大,封严效率降低,入侵强度明显强化;当转速由小到大变化时,周向压力不均匀程度得以改善,因此轮缘密封的封严效率得以提高;动静叶相对位置变化会引起静叶尾迹与动叶前缘势场的相对干涉,导致轮缘密封封严效率出现变化,随着动叶的旋转,盘内的入侵流呈现出周期性的强化与减弱。     

1.5级涡轮轮缘密封燃气入侵特性的数值研究

通过雷诺应力湍流模型(SST)求解三维URANS(unsteady Reynods-averaged NavierStokes)方程组,研究了1.5级涡轮双重径向轮缘密封的非定常封严特性,采用附加变量法研究了主流入侵程度,数值模拟获得的动叶前、后腔时均预旋比和静压系数与实验数据吻合,验证了1.5级涡轮动静交界面设置和数值方法的有效性,并在此基础上研究了变工况对动叶下游压力分布与后腔封严效率的影响规律。结果表明:后腔轮缘密封的封严效率高于前腔;后腔上游主流周向压差的开方与主流流量系数成正比;冷气量不变时,随着主流流量的增大,后腔的封严效率逐渐降低至0.4后变化趋缓。     

封严腔几何结构对涡轮性能影响的数值研究

为了研究轮毂封严腔几何结构对涡轮性能的影响,对转/静叶片之间带有封严腔的某高负荷单级涡轮进行了三维定常数值模拟。结果表明,轴向封严的气动效率较高;而径向封严的封严效果更好。篦齿和发卡弯中的旋涡是导致这两种封严结构性能差异的主要原因。内侧封严腔中的小尺度旋涡对入侵的燃气产生了堵塞作用,是其封严效率提高的主要原因。外侧封严腔中的旋涡对入侵的燃气并无阻碍作用,反而使封严效率有所下降。     

前缘倒角对涡轮轮缘密封性能的影响

研究转子叶片前缘倒角结构对涡轮轮缘密封性能的影响机制,在不同封严流量下,对转子前缘带倒角和不带倒角的轮缘密封装置进行数值模拟。研究结果表明：转子前缘倒角结构通过改变前缘附近压力势场从而对主流燃气入侵和封严出流冷气与主流的干涉产生影响。增加倒角结构有利于减弱主流高温燃气入侵的程度,在低封严流量下,最大可使得涡轮盘腔封严效率提高7%;倒角结构削弱了由封严间隙涡和马蹄涡形成的通道涡强度,降低封严冷气与主流干涉造成的气动损失。当封严流量为主流流量的1.3%时,带倒角装置的涡轮级气动效率增大2.1%。     

端壁造型对轮缘密封流场和封严效率的影响

针对端壁造型设计在减少二次流损失的同时会影响轮缘密封的封严等问题,采用数值求解三维URANS(Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes)方程和SST湍流模型的方法,研究了动叶前缘下端壁5种造型对轮缘密封流场和封严效率及动叶气动性能的影响;数值分析了轮缘密封的封严效率,并与实验数据比较,验证了数值方法的准确性。对比了5种动叶前缘端壁造型结构的轮缘密封封严效率和动叶气动性能,结果表明:动叶前缘端壁造型会影响局部的压力分布,进而影响轮缘密封封严效率;与轴对称端壁相比,凸壁面端壁造型使动叶前缘高压区前移,提高了轮缘间隙处主流周向压力波动,导致最小封严气量需求增加23%以上,而凹壁面端壁造型降低了局部压力和主流的周向压力波动,能够使最小封严气量减小14%以上;凹壁面端壁造型使得动叶流道内的通道涡扩大,级效率降低。     

涡轮轮缘密封非定常主流入侵特性的数值研究

采用附加示踪变量的方法,通过数值求解URANS和SST紊流模型的方法研究了轮缘密封非定常燃气入侵特性和封严效率,计算了不同冷气量下定常和非定常时均径向轮缘密封的封严效率,并与实验值进行了比较,验证了非定常数值方法研究轮缘密封燃气入侵特性的有效性,对比分析了径向和径向-轴向轮缘密封中等冷气量下定常和非定常的燃气入侵特性。结果表明:静叶尾迹和动叶前缘附近的压力势场的非定常干涉效应及盘腔中非定常的压力分布会强化主流燃气入侵;相比非定常计算,定常分析会低估轮缘密封的燃气入侵量及燃气入侵对盘腔流场的影响;相比径向轮缘密封,径向-轴向轮缘密封可以显著提高涡轮盘腔的封严效率。     

燃气透平轮缘密封流动特性和气动性能

轮缘密封是二次空气系统的重要组成部分,能有效抑制燃气入侵盘腔,但过量的封严冷气进入主流会显著影响透平气动性能。采用数值求解三维非定常雷诺时均纳维斯托克斯(URANS)方程组和剪切应力传输(SST)k-ω湍流模型的方法研究了燃气透平轮缘密封流动特性和气动性能。数值模拟得到的轮缘密封封严效率与实验数据吻合良好,验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。研究了3种封严冷气量下的透平轮缘密封的封严效率和气动性能,分析了透平静动盘腔的流场结构和燃气入侵与冷气出流特性。仿真结果表明：在所研究的3种封严冷气流量下,轮缘密封内腔完全封严,较小的封严冷气流量能使末级透平轮缘密封达到较高封严效率;在最小冷气流量时外腔动盘面平均封严效率比静盘面高4.4%。对于末级透平,主流周向压力不均匀分布导致的外环诱导入侵占主导,且动叶前缘附近压力场对燃气入侵的影响大于静叶尾迹压力场。封严冷气质量流量比每增大1.0%,透平级总总效率降低约1.0%,相对动盘壁面封严效率的影响,封严冷气流量对动叶气动性能的影响更大;出流冷气的流动方向相对主流在切向上滞后,使掺混气流以负攻角冲击动叶吸力面前缘,吸力面前缘压力增大。该工作可为轮缘密封流动特性...     

间隙结构对轮缘密封封严性能及透平级气动性能影响的数值研究

采用数值求解三维RANS方程和SST湍流模型的方法,研究了间隙结构对轮缘密封封严性能以及封严射流对透平级气动性能的影响。首先,分别对Aachen的一级半透平以及实验测得的轴向轮缘密封结构进行了数值计算,验证了所用数值方法在透平级气动性能以及密封封严性能方面计算的有效性。在此基础上,分析对比了5种封严射流流量下出口面积相同的直缝间隙、倾斜间隙,以及在倾斜间隙基础上改型得到的渐缩、渐扩间隙等4种密封结构的封严性能和封严射流对透平级气动性能的影响。结果表明,轮缘密封间隙结构会影响到间隙射流,进而导致不同间隙结构下透平级总压损失不同。与直缝间隙相比,倾斜间隙可以有效减小封严射流造成的总压损失,同时具有较高的封严性能;渐缩、渐扩间隙的封严性能与倾斜间隙相近,其中渐扩间隙可以更为有效地减小封严射流造成的气动损失。     

径向封严腔几何参数对涡轮性能影响的数值

为了研究径向封严腔几何参数对涡轮性能的影响,对转/静叶片之间带有封严腔的某高负荷单级涡轮进行了三维定常数值模拟。结果表明,径向间隙和轴向间隙对气动效率的影响程度大于轴向重叠度,几何参数改变导致轮毂二次流损失的变化是影响气动效率的主要因素。轴向间隙对封严效率的影响最大,径向间隙次之,轴向重叠度最小。气流在发卡弯加速后膨胀形成的大尺度旋涡,是轴向间隙能够产生较好封严效果的物理原因。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with