具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

基于QFD的工程机械维修性设计要求分析

 维修性设计是工程机械研究阶段必须开展的一项重要工程活动,而维修性设计要求的提出与确定又是后续各项维修性工作的前提与基础。简要介绍了质量功能展开(QFD)方法,重点论述了质量屋(HoQ)的基本构成;探讨了基于QFD的工程机械维修性设计要求分析过程,主要包括提出客户维修需求、确定维修需求权重、提出维修性设计指标、构造设计指标关系矩阵、构造设计指标——维修需求关系矩阵和得出维修性设计指标权重矩阵6个步骤。最后,通过运用该方法对某型推土机维修性设计要求进行了分析,得出了其维修性设计指标重要度排序依次为拆装性、模块化、标准化、简易化、可达性和易识别性。结果表明,引入QFD方法对工程机械维修性设计要求进行分析,在分析过程中将定性分析与定量研究有机结合起来,能够解决工程机械维修性设计要求分析过程中的复杂性与不确定性问题,并得出对维修性设计要求的有效评价,具有很高的实用价值。     

海德格尔后期对主体中心论的批判与后现代转向

后期海德格尔批判了现代主义主体中心论形而上学人道主义,认为一切人道主义都是形而上学的;这种主客二分的形而上学离开了物道、天道,人道主义成了虚无主义,导致了世界的各种危机;现代主义形而上学的主要问题在于对存在的遗忘;对存在的遗忘就不能处理好人道、世道、物道、天道之间的关系;要超越主体中心论形而上学就要首先恢复人的原本含义,正确看待人在世界中的位置,把人看作是天、地、神、人四元之一,平等地对待世界的各种存在者,按四元要素的整体统一关联原则出发进行筑造和栖居,从而拯救世界,达到天、地、神、人和谐诗意栖居的理想状态。海德格尔对人道主义的批判具有积极意义,同时在逻辑上出现了悖论,否定了人的主观能动性,世界就可能回到蛮荒之原始状态。     

几何机器人的研究与发展

 阐述了几何机器人的基本概念、数学构型、力学机制、工程应用、艺术设计及哲学思考。以几何机器人的科学研究为基础,提出以几何机器人为载体的MSEAP 研究与教育理念,即将数学、科学、工程、艺术和哲学融合于几何机器人的学习、研究以及应用,旨在修养形成数学家的逻辑思维、科学家的创新精神、工程师的实践能力、艺术家的美学视野、哲学家的普世情怀。     

仁爱、道爱、兼爱－儒、道、墨爱观比较

儒、道、墨三家之爱作为共同效忠于先秦社会的哲学流派,在人性基础,修养方式,政治思想,爱的最高境界方面存在共同点,然从其各自特性上,不难发现三家之爱在立足点,群已关系,爱的方式,最终目的,意识导向又有其独立之外。无论在理论上还是在实践上,三家之爱都突显了各自的价值。     

福州双杭传统商业街区特色与保护研究

在史料研究和实地调查的基础上,从街道与单体建筑两个方面具体阐述福州双杭商业街区特色.街道特色包括地理位置优越、文化底蕴深厚和街道形态独特三方面.对单体建筑,从平面布局、立面风格和细部处理等方面论述其中西合璧的风格特征.提出应从历史的延续性上提高对传统街区保护的认识,以及整体性、特色性、协调性和可持续性等保护原则.     

黄缘盒龟体型差异与保护单元研究

通过对黄缘盒龟体重、背甲长、背甲宽、腹甲长、腹甲宽、体高等可量性状和背甲长/背甲宽、腹甲长/腹甲宽、背甲长/腹甲长、背甲宽/腹甲宽、背甲长/体高、腹甲长/体高、体重/体高平方等可量性状比值研究了A、B两种体型黄缘盒龟的群体差异.结果显示:A、B体型黄缘盒龟的腹甲长和体高差异极显著(P＜＜0.01),其它可量性状差异不显...     

汉语是卫星框架化语言吗?

Talmy在认知语言学的框架理论之下,对事件框架进行了描述,在对运动事件框架进行了分析的基础上,基于类型学的考察,他认为汉语属于卫星框架化语言,其主要依据是在汉语的在运动事件中,方式或原因内化在运动当中,而路径则由其他词担任,Talmy把这个过程称之为词汇化模式,国内严辰松也对这一过程作了比较分析;但笔者在对表路径的趋向词进行历史的考察后发现,在古代汉语中路径是内化在运动当中的,而这一特点正是另一个分类——动词框架化语言的主要特点。笔者认为造成这一现象的主要原因在于语言的语法化。文章将就这一现象作出了分析,探讨了汉语归属于卫星框架化语言的合适性。     

浅析美国"先例制度"的优缺点

“先例制度”是美国判例法制度的核心,它能提高人们行为的可预测性,降低司法运作的成本,增强司法公正感和判决的可接受性和具有成长的可能性,同时能限制法官的自由裁量权。当然该制度也存在不足,它会束缚法官的创造性,遭遇“不合逻辑的区别危险”,缺乏灵活性,容易导致僵化,同时,判例量多且复杂,掌握起来有一定的难度。此外,它使司法高度专业化,一定程度上阻骗了与大众的交流。多视角、客观地审视该制度,对推进我国的法治进程有帮助作用。     

基于旅游承载力的西藏旅游产业发展模式选择

在梳理国内外生态旅游和大众旅游理论的基础上,将旅游业发展归纳为大众旅游、严格生态旅游、过渡生态旅游和一般生态旅游四种模式.文章立足西藏具体区情,构建了基于旅游承载力的西藏旅游产业发展模式选择模型,并将长期调研所获得的详实数据运用于选择模型的测算之中.计算结果表明：西藏旅游业应当采取生态旅游发展的模式,即以生态旅游为主导、大众旅游为补充的旅游发展模式.     

西藏生态可持续发展的路径探析

党的十八大首次将生态文明建设与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设一起作为我国现代化建设总体布局的一个重要组成部分,突出了生态文明建设的重要地位.西藏作为我国生态安全的重要屏障,其生态地位更是无法撼动,加强生态建设,走生态可持续发展道路对于西藏来讲具有重大的现实意义.文章以构建西藏生态可持续发展的必要性为基点,揭示了西藏现有的资源、人口、环境等生态发展现状,从构建生态税制、调整产业结构、建立和完善生态补偿机制、合理规划资源开发、适度控制人口增长、加强防沙治沙等五个方面探索了西藏生态可持续发展的路径.