碳纳米管填充PTFE的制备及平头型小冲杆测试研究

采用冷压烧结法制备了经过不同表面处理和不同含量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)改性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)材料,探索采用平头型小冲杆测试方法对材料进行性能测试。得到了材料的载荷-位移曲线,发现不同的表面处理和不同含量的MWCNTs对聚四氟乙烯复合材料性能具有不同的增强效果。通过对填充材料的扫描电镜(SEM)分析,认为MWCNTs可以导致PTFE材料纤维韧性强化的倾向。     

制备工艺对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

以碳纤维针刺整体毡为增强体,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)制备低密度的碳/碳多孔体,再分别采用反应熔体浸渗法(RMI)和先驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备C/C-SiC复合材料。在MM-3000型摩擦磨损试验机上进行模拟飞机正常着陆能量条件下的刹车试验,研究两种制备工艺对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明:PIP工艺制备的C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦性能较优,其平均动摩擦因数为0.350,平均磨损率为3.500μm/(面·次);摩擦表面较完整、致密,磨屑为粗颗粒状,表现为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损、氧化磨损的共同作用。RMI工艺制备的C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦表面粗糙,未形成完整的摩擦膜,磨屑为细颗粒状,表现为磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损、黏着磨损、氧化磨损的共同作用。     

碳纳米管改性聚四氟乙烯材料的导热性能

针对所制备的由不同表面处理和不同含量的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)填充的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,测定其在变温度场下的导热系数、热扩散系数和热膨胀系数,得到了一系列关系曲线,初步分析了材料的热性能特点和规律。通过分析,发现随填充物含量的增加,由不同表面处理的MWCNTs填充的PTFE材料的导热性能均有所提高,但差异较大;特别是当热源输入温度较高时,导热系数和热扩散系数均显著增加。通过透射电镜(TEM)分析了不同表面处理的MWCNTs在PTFE中的微观结构,预测了在不同温度场下,材料各组分和内部结构对材料热性能的影响规律。     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2 O3 和聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基 (PEEK)复合材料 ,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2 O3 和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明 ,纳米Al2 O3 使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善 ,其改善程度与纳米Al2 O3 的填充量有关 ,当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较低 (3% )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主 ;而当纳米Al2 O3 的含量较高 (10 % )时 ,纳米Al2 O3 填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损 ;纳米Al2 O3 的含量为 5 %～ 7%时 ,PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低。随着载荷的增加 ,纳米Al2 O3 PTFE PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势     

不同试验条件下C/C复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用MM-W1型立式万能摩擦磨损试验机测试C/C复合材料在不同载荷(0.5, 1.0,1.5 MPa)及不同润滑(干态、水润滑、油润滑)条件下的摩擦磨损性能,借助扫描电子显微镜对不同状态下的磨损表面形貌进行观察分析.结果表明:摩擦系数均随摩擦时间的增加而增大至一定范围内保持稳定;随着载荷的增大,干态条件下的摩擦系数不断减小;相同载荷下,干态摩擦试样的摩擦系数最大,磨损率最小;干态条件下能形成完整、光滑的磨屑膜,有效隔离了材料与对磨销之间的接触,降低了磨损率;油润滑和水润滑条件下形成的液态膜具有润滑作用,降低了摩擦系数,但不利于磨屑膜的形成,导致磨损率较大.     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基(PEEK)复合材料,利用销盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2O3和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性.结果表明,纳米Al2O3使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善,其改善程度与纳米Al2O3的填充量有关,当纳米Al2O3的含量较低(3%)时,纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主;而当纳米Al2O3的含量较高(10%)时,纳米Al2O3填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损;纳米Al2O3的含量为5%～7%时,PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低.随着载荷的增加,纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势.     

纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯填充聚醚醚酮基复合材料摩擦学特性研究

以热压成型法制备了纳米Al2O3和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)填充聚醚醚酮基(PEEK)复合材料，利用销一盘摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下纳米Al2O3和PTFE填充PEEK的摩擦磨损特性。结果表明，纳米Al2O3使PTFE填充PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损特性得到明显改善，其改善程度与纳米Al2O3的填充量有关，当纳米Al2O3的含量较低(3％)时，纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料与钢对偶面产生的磨损模式以磨粒磨损和犁削为主；而当纳米Al2O3的含量较高(10％)时，纳米Al2O3填充PEEK的磨损模式主要是粘着磨损；纳米Al2O3的含量为5％～7％时，PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数和比磨损率最低。随着载荷的增加，纳米Al2O3-PTFE-PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数将因纳米粒子效应和表面摩擦温升呈现下降趋势。     

不同能载水平下C/C复合材料的摩擦特性

对具有粗糙层热解炭结构的针刺毡C/C复合材料在MM 1000型摩擦试验机上模拟某飞机正常着陆、超载着陆和中止起飞3种不同的能载水平进行摩擦磨损性能试验,并对磨损表面和磨屑进行扫描电镜观察.结果表明:C/C复合材料在不同能载水平下均具有高达0.31～0.32的摩擦因数,刹车力矩曲线均较平稳,磨损随能载水平的增加而增大;样件的磨损表面在正常着陆条件下形成较光滑、完整、连续的磨屑层,随着能载水平的增加,形成粗糙的磨屑层,在极高的能载水平(中止起飞条件)下又形成光滑的磨屑层;而样件的磨屑尺寸随能载水平的增加而急剧减小.表明该C/C复合材料具有极好的摩擦制动性能,尤其是在大能载水平下,摩擦性能更加优良,适用作飞机刹车材料.     

磁场强度对叠层复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

采用叠装-粘接工艺制备了不同润滑剂含量的钢-聚合物叠层复合材料,以GCr15钢球为摩擦配副,在球-盘摩擦试验机上考察叠层复合材料在不同磁场强度下的摩擦学性能.摩擦实验结果发现:随着磁场强度增大,不含润滑剂的叠层复合材料(S0)的摩擦系数和磨损率均发生显著降低;含润滑剂的叠层复合材料(S4)的摩擦系数和磨损率先缓慢降低后增大.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)观察磨损表面形貌和元素分布,分析其磨损机理表明:细小磨屑被磁场吸附在接触表面并形成了滚珠效应,显著改善了S0的磨粒磨损和粘着磨损;在摩擦热和涡流热作用下,润滑剂迁移到硅钢表面并形成转移膜,使得S4具有良好的润滑性能;在无磁场时S4的聚合物表面发生疲劳剥落,在磁场作用下聚合物以塑性流动和粘着磨损为主.     

温度对10CrMn2NiSiCuAl极地破冰船用钢板干摩擦行为的影响

采用Bruker UMT-3Tribolab摩擦磨损仪测试了与宝山钢铁股份有限公司共同开发的破冰船用低温钢板10CrMn2NiSiCuAl在不同环境温度下的摩擦磨损性能,利用轮廓扫描仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了磨痕及磨屑的表面形貌,采用电子能谱(EDS)以及X射线衍射谱(XRD)分析了磨屑表面的化学元素及成分,进而推断其磨损机制。结果表明:环境温度对摩擦磨损的性能有显著影响,当环境温度为20℃时,摩擦磨损形式以疲劳失效、氧化磨损和黏着磨损为主,磨痕表面的过渡层能够降低摩擦系数,减少磨损量,表面磨损产物主要为Fe_2O_3和Fe_3O_4;随着环境温度降低至-20℃,磨损机制转变为微切削作用下的磨粒磨损和塑性变形,磨痕表面出现犁沟形貌,磨损产物主要为Fe元素,磨屑的长宽比减小,出现球形磨屑,磨损量急剧增加。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-