Trend of urban system structure under the restriction of water and land resources in Xinjiang

On the basis of studies on water and land resources affecting urban development and urban system structure in Xinjiang, this paper analyzes the utilization status and shortage of urban water resources. It is considered that both the consumption and waste of urban water resources are in an increase trend. Most cities and towns in Xinjiang are in shortage of water resources, however, waste of water resources are serious, especially in small towns. The development of the megapolis and moderate cities is evidently restricted by limited land resources. Though there are relatively large spaces of expanding the small cities and towns, the output benefits of water and land resources are low. In order to achieve the ordinal expansion of urban system structure in Xinjiang, it is suggested to take the urban spatial development pattern of ＂one circle and three belts＂ and the resources-economized strategy in the rapid development of urbanization.     

Accessibility of a Destination-Based Transportation System: A Large Airport Study

The accessibility of a destination-based transportation system is defined to quantify the performance of transportation systems which access a distinct destination. The access cost is used to reflect the utility of the transportation system including the fatigue and inconvenience in the total cost. The cost is quan- tified by two coefficients which represent the different characteristics of various people. The average cost and the income-relative accessibility are used to describe various aspects of the accessibility and to evaluate the accessibility of a destination-based system. A case study uses data from the Kunming transportation system to evaluate the accessibility of the present city airport. The calibrated coefficients are then used to evaluate the transportation system to the new Kunming international airport. The results show that this transportation accessibility evaluation can be combined with transportation planning to study transportation sub-systems.     

Estimation of urbanization bias in observed surface temperature change in China from 1980 to 2009 using satellite land-use data

Since the 1980s,China has undergone rapid urbanization.Meanwhile,the climate has been warming substantially.In this paper,the urbanization effect on observed temperatures from 1980 to 2009 in China is estimated,based on analysis of urban land use from satellite observation.Urban land-use expansion(U) during 1980-2005 is applied as an urbanization index.According to these U values,stations are divided into three categories:(C1) intense urbanization around the stations;(C2) moderate urbanization around the stations;and(C3) minimal urbanization around the stations.Most C1 stations are in municipalities or provincial capitals,while C2 stations tend to be in prefecture-level cities.C3 stations are mostly in counties.The urban heat island(UHI) effect can be estimated if the urban effect on C3 is negligible.The warming of C1 or C2 relative to that of C3 represents their urbanization effects,assuming that the same larger-scale natural warming has affected each category.For C1,the local urbanization effect is 0.258°C/10 a over 1980-2009,accounting for 41% of the total warming;the trend at C2 is 0.099°C/10 a,or 21%.For all China,the urbanization effect is 0.09°C/10a,accounting for 20% of the total national warming.Winter urban warming is greater than in summer.The assumption of negligible urbanization effect on C3 is debatable,and so the true urbanization effect may equal or slightly exceed estimates.Further,the U index may have some uncertainties,for it is only one of the urbanization indices.However,it provides a new and direct estimation of environmental change,in contrast to indirect indices.     

Road Resources Distribution and Evolution Analysis Using a Species Competition Model for Improving Road Equity

The paper analyzes the equity of road resources distribution in urban areas by modeling the competitive relationship among different road users. A logistic model is used to describe the development of different traffic modes in the transportation network. The system is similar to the species competition model, so a two-species model is used to analyze the relationship between users based on the stability of the equilibrium points. The Lotka-Volterra model is then used to describe the multi-species cases with numerical examples, showing that this model can describe the effects of the road space distribution on the competitive user relationships. Policy makers must ensure the equity of road resources distribution so that each urban transportation mode is properly developed for sustainable social development.     

RMT-Based Urban Traffic Cross-Correlation Analysis and Its Application on Traffic Incident Impact Analyses

Cross-correlating traffic flow data at different intersections in an urban transportation network is important for understanding the collective behavior of constituents in a complex system and for predicting the risk of network-wide congestion. In this work, a Random Matrix Theory (RMT) based method is used to describe the collective behavior from massive traffic data sets. Nonrandom correlations between traffic flow series recorded in the Beijing road network occur both with and without detrending. The effect of the traffic load on the correlation patterns of network-wide traffic flows is analyzed using the RMT analysis of a simulated data set collected from Paramics. The RMT analysis is also used to evaluate the impact of incidents on the network-wide traffic status. Cluster analysis is used to find the largest cluster in the network which indicates the critical congestion caused by the incident. All the results show that RMT analyses are an effective method for investigating systematic interactions in urban transportation systems.     

The coordinated development of China’s inland water transport

The coordinated development is the core of sustainable development, and the hot issue of international research.SInland water transport (IWT) is an important part of the water resources exploiting system and comprehensive transport system under socio-economic context of river basin,and also the country’s sustainable development priorities to achieve resource-conserving and environment-friendly strategy.SThis paper is based on the coordinated development content, combined Germany"s successful development experience, explored the elements and the problem of the coordinated development of IWT system of China’s national economic strategy and basin economy, water resourse system, comprehensive transport system, and system itself, and their countermeasures and suggestions,in order to facilitate rapid and coordinated development of China"s inland water transport.S     

Urban transport policy response to global climate change in China

Accompanying with the economic development and the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, the energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission of transport sector increased rapidly. From the viewpoint of how the urban traffic management department should cope with the global climate change, based on the economy, institutional reform, planning and policies in China, the paper analyzed the main important problems and obstacles in the development of urban transport, put forward the corresponding policy recommendations which could lead the urban transport system transform to low carbon emission and become more suitable to the climate change.     

Railway intelligent transportation system and its applications

With the development of artificial intelligence, communication, computer and other related technologies, it becomes feasible to rebuild traditional railway with such advanced technologies in order to establish a new generation railway transport system. The railway intelligent transportation system is the trend of railway transportation system in China, and it is also the research focus of international railway transport industry. This paper presents the definition, characters, architecture, key technologies and developing pattern of the RITS(railway intelligent transportation system). Then three typical applications are introduced. Finally, the prospect of the RITS is summarized.     

Land potential appraisal for urban land reserve based on GIS：

With the rapid urbanization, land banking has become an important means for rational land use and land configuration optimizing. Rational urban land reserve and supply plan are keys for an urban land banking. GIS has been used to model urban growth, growth at the ruralurban fringe specifically. This paper identifies that the urban land banking potential can be evaluated based on RS and GIS technology. 10 indicators were chosen in the integrated index system. As a case of Metropolitan area in Chongqing, urban land banking potential was evaluated based on RS and GIS technology. With GIS, two steps can help to finish potential analysis of land banking. One is goal driven process, such as the process of planning and definition; the other step is datadriven process, such as the process of Manipulating. The results are used to establish the current land banking plan.      

Application of Grey Associative Analysis to the Assessment of Regional Water Security

The assessment of water security is an important content in the security management of water resources due to the fact that the state of water security directly affects both the sustainable development of regional economy and the improvement on the living quality of mankind. Grey associative analysis is introduced and applied to assessment of water security on the basis of grey characteristics of the assessment index system of water security. As a case study shows, grey associative analysis is used for evaluating water security of some provinces in China, and the satisfactory assessment results are obtained. The sequence of provinces in China with regard to water security from good to poor is obtained and, moreover, the water security level of each region is also confirmed. The results obtained accord with the actual state of each region. They are of practical significance and can be used to guide the management of regional water security and a sustainable development of the economy therein. At the same time, the results demonstrate that grey associative analysis provides a new method for assessing water security     

我国大城市交通可持续发展问题探讨

本首先提出城市交通可持续发展的目标,并探讨了城市交通可持续发展的动力机制,然后着重针对我国大城市交通可持续发展的障碍性因素,分析了实现我国大城市交通可持续发展的相应对策。     

城市交通可持续发展状态量化评价方法

随着中国城市交通可持续发展战略的逐步实施,对城市交通系统可持续性的量化评价有待研究。立足中国国情,在解析城市交通发展目标的基础上,提出了包括发展水平、发展能力和协调能力3个方面的指标体系,并将其分等级标定,在此基础上采用改进的层次分析法计算出交通可持续发展的综合指数,以此评判城市交通可持续发展的状态。将其应用于西安市的交通可持续发展状况的评价。结果表明,该方法简洁、实用、易操作。     

绿色交通理念下的非机动化发展对策

随着我国机动化水平的不断提高,带来的是我国交通问题的日益突出,利用＂绿色交通理念＂,适时发展非机动化交通方式,对解决城市交通拥堵等交通问题有重要意义。     

城市交通系统可持续发展规划框架研究

随着社会经济的发展,城市交通拥护现象日趋严重,城市资源得不到优化利用,环境质量日趋恶化,而现行的城市交通规划方法是单一面向交通的方法,没有考虑交通发展对资源的要求及对环境的影响,本立足中国国情,通过对21世纪中国城市交通领域发展趋势分析,建立了适应中国国情的可持续发展城市交通模式以及实现此模式的可持续发展城市交通系统规划理论体系结构,并对理论体系中的4个关键技术-可持续发展的城市交通系统模式、高度信息化社会条件下的城市交通需求预测技术、城市交通系统能源消耗分析与预测技术、城市交通系统环境影响评价与预测技术进行了详细论述。     

面向公共交通的大城市发展模式探析

本文通过借鉴国内外大城市公共交通建设与城市发展的经验。指出中国大城市面临着小汽车私有化、快速城市化及农村剩余劳动力拥入城市的冲击。由于各种资源限制的国情,城市交通体系应该是以公共交通为主体的运输体系。而成功地实现并运做这种运输体系的前提是建立公共交通导向的土地使用模式;同时多层次的公共交通系统及政府诱导政策是实现这种运输体系的保障。     

福,11tl市城市化水平与城市资源压力的定量关系研究

城市化是人类社会发展和进步的必由之路,是实现社会现代化的重要标志和经济快速发展的重要体现．笔者从人VI、经济、社会生活、空间四个方面构建了福州市城市化综合水平评价体系,应用熵值法对1995—2009年间福州市城市化水平进行测度;同时,采用城市资源压力指数对福州市城市资源压力进行了定量分析,并对二者进行相关分析和回归分析．结果表明：1995—2009年间福州市城市化水平持续增高;在城市化水平不断增长的过程中,城市资源压力也相应的发生着变化,二者存在极强的相关性,其中“经济城市化”与城市资源压力之间的相关性尤为显著．并通过它们之间的定量关系分析,探讨城市化发展过程中对城市资源压力的影响,从而为福州市未来城市化发展朝健康、稳定和可持续的方向推进提供科学参考．     

面向长途客运公交化服务的高速公路网路径选择优化模型

摘要：现代交通运输系统及城镇化发展,推动了地区性的共城市化,促进了市郊及城际客运交通需求的持续增长。高速公路作为全国公路网的最重要组成部分,不但是社会经济发展的主动脉,在长途旅客运输中也发挥着重要的作用。为了对高速公路长途客运中的公交化服务问题进行研究,本文建立了以高速公路为载体的长途客运公交化服务优化模型,并采用Dijkstra算法对模型进行求解。研究结果表明：通过运用本文所构建的模型及算法能够得到不同需求状态下的最优方案,从而找到服务效率最高的路径。本项研究可以为长途客运公交化服务水平的提升提供理论支撑。     

我国大城市边缘区可持续发展研究

大城市边缘区是在城市化进程中最具有经济敏感性、社会敏感性和环境敏感性 ,空间利用方式变化最大的地域实体。文章在阐述大城市边缘区的特点和作用的基础上 ,论述了在城市化进程中大城市边缘区可持续发展的指导思想和系统构架 ,以探求大城市边缘区未来进一步合理发展的有效对策     

环境可持续交通管理的概念、内涵与研究方法

我国在快速城市化和交通飞速发展过程中产生了一系列交通引发的环境问题。环境可持续交通管理是一种崭新的管理方式, 为交通环境管理提供了可行的方向。作者详细阐述了环境可持续交通的概念、特征、管理对象与目标, 提出了环境可持续交通管理的预测-评价-优化-管理决策的一体化方法体系, 丰富了环境可持续交通的理论与方法,为城市交通环境管理提供科学依据。     

基于绿色交通理念的城市交通发展策略

21世纪是一个环保世纪,环境问题是新时期城市发展的首要问题,城市交通发展必须遵循这一原则,把发展无污染的"绿色交通"作为基本政策和目标.选择正确的城市交通发展模式成为支撑城市可持续发展的必要条件;文章解析了城市绿色交通的涵义及其与可持续发展的关系,并以马鞍山市为例,对马鞍山市交通现状进行了分析,从宏观上论述了实现城市的绿色交通,必须制定完善的政策保障策略和交通方式策略.