Comparative analysis of A, B, C and D genomes in the genus Oryza with Cot-1 DNA of C genome

Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） was applied to somatic chromosomes preparations of Oryza officinalis Wall. （CC）, O. sativa L. （AA）xO. officinalis F1 hybrid （AC）, backcross progenies BC1 （AAC and ACC）, O. latifolia Desv. （CCDD）, O. alta Swallen （CCDD） and O. punctata Kotschy （BBCC） with a labelled probe of Cot-1 DNA from O. officinalis. In O. officinalis, the homologous chromosomes showed similar signal bands probed by Cot-1 DNA and karyotype analysis was conducted based on the band patterns. Using no blocking DNA, the probe identified the chromosomes of C genome clearly, but detected few signals on chromosomes of A genome in the F1 hybrid and two backcross progenies of BC1. It is obvious that the highly and moderately repetitive DNA sequences were considerably different between C and A genomes. The chromosomes of C genome were also discriminated from the chromosomes of Dand B-genome in the tetraploid species O. latifolia, O. alta and O. punctata by Cot-1 DNA-FISH. Comparison of the fluorescence intensity on the chromosomes of B, C and D genomes in O. latifolia, O. alta, and O. punctata indicated that the differentiations between C and D genomes are less than that between C and B genomes. The relationship between C and D genomes in O. alta is closer than that of C and D genomes in O. latifolia. This would be one of the causes for the fact that both the genomes are of the same karyotype （CCDD） but belong to different species. The above results showed that the Cot-1 DNA had a high specificity of genome and species. In this paper, the origin of allotetraploid in genus Oryza is also discussed.     

利用粳稻基因组DNA和C_ot-1 DNA探针对普通野生稻和亚洲栽培稻的比较分析

以粳稻日本晴基因组DNA和Cot-1 DNA为探针,分别对日本晴、籼稻广陆矮4号和普通野生稻的染色体组进行了基因组原位杂交(GISH)和Cot-1 DNA荧光原位杂交(FISH)分析,并对3种染色体组进行了同源聚类和比较研究.结果表明:粳稻基因组DNA和Cot-1 DNA探针信号在3种水稻染色体组中的分布状况和覆盖率相似,Cot-1 DNA的覆盖率分别为(47.13±0.18)%、(45.89±0.22)%、(44.24±0.21)%,3种水稻基因组同源性高,亲缘关系接近.Cot-1 DNA在3种水稻染色体上的杂交信号分布各有特点,中高度重复序列的变异在普通野生稻向栽培稻进化和亚洲栽培稻籼、粳分化过程中具有重要意义,中高度重复序列含量较低的2、5、8号染色体是水稻染色体组进化过程中相对活跃的成分.     

利用GISH和C0t-1DNA-FISH对稻属B，C，G基因组的比较分析

为探究稻属B,C,G基因组之间的关系以及研究中高度重复序列在稻属不同物种基因组进化中的作用,利用药用野生稻和斑点野生稻的中度和高度重序列C0t-1 DNA和总基因组作为探针,对疣粒野生稻进行了比较染色体原位杂交分析.该2种野生稻的总基因组和C0t-1 DNA在疣粒野生稻染色体上信号覆盖率分别为(72.39±0.11) %,(75.60±0.18) %,(47.93±0.16) %,(55.47±0.12) %. 此外,以C0t-1 DNA的杂交信号组成为依据,对疣粒野生稻染色体组进行了核型分析.结果表明:G基因组和B,C基因组之间的关系都比较远,其原因可能是G基因组要早于B,C基因组从稻属的祖先中发生分化,并在进化过程中发生加倍、重排和基因选择性丢失等现象,形成了各自种的特异基因组成分.稻属基因组中度和高度重复序列与功能基因一样,在不同种中也存在着相当的同源性和保守性,并在进化过程中得以保存下来.药用野生稻和疣粒野生稻基因组增大的重要原因之一,可能是基因组中度和高度重复序列加倍的结果.     

Comparative genome research between maize and rice using genomicin situ hybridization

Using the genomic DNAs of maize and rice as probes respectively, the homology of maize and rice genomes was assessed by genomic in situ hybridization. When rice genomic DNAs were hybridized to maize, all chromosomes displayed many multiple discrete regions, while each rice chromosome delineated a single consecutive chromosomal region after they were hybridized with maize genomic DNAs. The results indicate that the genomes of maize and rice share high homology, and confirm the proposal that maize and rice are diverged from a common ancestor.     

着丝粒串联重复序列RCS2对亚洲栽培稻和非洲栽培稻的比较分析

为了揭示中高度重复序列在同为AA基因组的亚洲栽培稻和非洲栽培稻基因组中的差异以及重复序列在.栽培稻种的分化过程中可能起到的作用,利用水稻着丝粒串联重复序列RCS2作为探针分别对籼稻广陆矮4号、粳稻日本晴和非洲栽培稻的体细胞染色体进行荧光原位杂交(FISH)实验,并对其核型进行同源性聚类和比较分析,杂交结果显示:RCS2序列位于在3种栽培稻染色体组中,RCS2序列位于每条染色体的着丝粒位置,但有不同的分布特点,表明该3种栽培稻基因组的RCS2序列有不同的进化方向.探讨了RCS2序列结合Cot-1 DNA FISH方法对水稻染色体组进行核型分析的可行性和优势.     

Development and characterization of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and O. latifolia by in situ hybridization

Oryza sativa and O. latifolia belong to the AA and CCDD genomes of Oryza, respectively. In this study, interspecific hybrids of these species were obtained using the embryo rescue technique. Hybrid panicle traits, such as long awns, small grain, exoteric large purple stigma, grain shattering and dispersed panicles, resemble that of the paternal parent, O. latifolia, whereas there is obvious heterosis in such respects as plant height, tillering ability and vegetative vigor. Chromosome pairing and the genomic components of the hybrid were subsequently investigated using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. Based on the mitotic metaphase chromosome numbers of the root tips investigated, the hybrid is a triploid with 36 chromosomes. The genomic constitution of the hybrid is ACD. In the meiotic metaphase I of the hybrid pollen mother cell, poor chro- mosome pairing was identified and most of the chromosomes were univalent, which resulted in com- plete male sterility in the hybrid.     

用双探针原位杂交法检测常见肝病组织中输液传染性病毒DNA

目的：建立肝组织输液传染性病毒DNA(TTVDNA)的原位杂交检测技术，探讨TTVDNA在肝组织中的分布。方法：采用PCR扩增法，分别合成地高辛标记的Gla、G2b两种亚型的双链TTVDNA探针。同时应用两型探针对22例血清学检查无甲-庚型肝炎病毒感染的肝病患者肝组织TTVDNA进行原位杂交检测，并将检测结果与巢式PCR法检测配对血清TTVDNA的结果进行比较。结果：原位杂交阳性信号主要定位于肝细胞核，少数位于胞浆。22例肝病患者肝组织标本中TTVDNA原位杂交阳性率68.2％（15/22），其中慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌患者中原位杂交阳性率83.3％（15/18），4例肝破裂、肝良性肿瘤患者TTVDNA原位杂交检测皆为阴性。配对血清TTVDNA阳性率63.6％（14/22）。血清与肝组织TTVDNA检测符合率86.4％（19/22）。结论：双探针原位杂交检测具有较高的特异性和灵敏性，有助于肝病病因的分析。TTVDNA在慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝细胞癌的肝组织中检出率较高，提示TTV可能与这些肝病有关。     

在Visual C＋＋6．0环境下利用OpenGL实现模型的动态观察

介绍了在Visual C 6．0环境下如何利用开放式图形库OpenGL实现三维有限元网格的动态观察。     

Hilbert空间上C0半群一致算子拓扑连续的几点注记

给出Hilbert空间上C0 半群T(t)在t >0和t>t0 时是一致算子拓扑连续的等价条件 ,进而得到紧半群的特征定理。并通过T(t)在t >t0 时一致算子拓扑连续的特征 ,给出T((t)在t>0时一致算子拓扑连续的等价条件。     

热解炭基1D—C／C力学性能的织构影响及断裂模式

测试了具有不同织构配合的热解炭基１Ｄ－Ｃ／Ｃ的室温单调拉伸σ－ε曲线．结果表明,密度相同时,不同织构配合的材料具有不同的σ－ε曲线．以疏松多孔的粒状炭（Ｇ）为主的材料强度低而假塑性高;各向同性炭（ＩＳＯ）因与炭纤维的界面粘合好而易发生脆性断裂;而含有层间裂纹的粗糙炭（Ｒ）和光滑炭（Ｓ）的影响则居中．热解炭基１Ｄ－Ｃ／Ｃ的拉伸断裂模式主要有台阶型、粗糙型、累积弱化型和整体脱粘型四种类型．前两种为脆性断裂方式,热解炭基体的断裂应变是这类材料强度的控制因素．     

Morphological and physiological analysis of narrow and striped leaf 1 （nsl1） mutant of rice （Oryza sativa L.） and the gene mapping

The shape and color of rice leaves are impor- tant agronomic traits that directly influence the proportion of sunlight energy utilization and ultimately affect the yield and quality. A new mutant exhibiting stable inheritance was identified as derived from ethyl methane sulfonate （EMS）-treated restorer Jinhui 10, tentatively named as narrow and striped leaf 1 （nsll）. The nsll displayed pale white leaves at the seeding stage and then white striped leaves in parallel to the main vein at the jointing stage. Meanwhile, its leaf blades are significantly narrower than the control group of Jinhui 10. The chloroplast structures of cells in the white striped area of the nsll mutant break down, and the photosynthetic pigments are significantly lower than that of the wild type. Moreover, fluorescence parameters, such as Fo, Fv/Fm, ФpsⅡ, qP, and ETR, in the nsll mutant are significantly lower than those of the wild type, and the photosynthetic efficiency is also significantly decreased. These changes in leaf color and shape, together with physiological changes in the nsll, result in smaller plant height and a decrease in the most important agro- nomic traits, such as the number of grains per panicle, grain weight, etc. Genetic analysis shows that the narrow and striped traits of the nsll mutant are controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene, which is located between InDel 16 and InDel 12 in chromosome 3. The physical distance is 204 kb. So far, no similar genes of such leaf color and shape in this area have been reported, This study has laid asolid foundation for the gene cloning and function analysis of NSL 1.     

Comparative physical mapping of rice BAC clones linked to resistance genes Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 in Oryza sativa L. and O. granulata Nees et Arn. ex Watt.

Oryza granulata Nees et Arn. ex Watt. is one of the three wild relatives of rice,which are the most valuable for study and utilization in China.In this study,the homology and physical locations of three rice resistance genes,Glh,Bph-3 and xa-5 are comparatively analyzed between O.sativa and O. granulata by Southern blotting and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).The results of Southern blotting indicate that there exist homologous sequences of the tested RFLP markers in O. granulata.By using three bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones scanned by the tested RFLP as probes, FISH signals are detected on both mitotic and pachytene chromosomes in O.sativa and O.granulata.Dual-color FISH demonstrates that two of the three BAC clones (14E16 and 38J9) are located on the short arm of the same chromosome pair in O. granulata. Additionally, colinearity is shown for the two clones between O.sativa and O.granulata. Another BAC clone 44B4 is located on the end of the short arm of other chromosome pair in these two species.Although the phylogenetic relationship between O.sativa and O.granulata is the most distinct in Oryza and these two species have evidently different biological features and ecological habits, the relative lengths and arm ratios of the detected chromosomes and the relative positions of the tested clone signals on chromosomes in O. granulata are quite similar to those in O. sativa.     

Knob-associated tandem repeats on mitotic chromosomes in maize,Zea diploperennis and their hybrids

Knob-associated tandem repeats, 180-bp repeats and TR-1 elements, together with 45S rDNA were located on mitotic chromosomes of Zea diploperennis (DP),maize inbred line F102 and their hybrid. In DP, knobs on the short arm of chromosomes 1 and 4 and on the long arm ofthe chromosomes 4 and 5 are composed predominantly of the 180-bp repeats. In addition, 180-bp repeats existed together with TR-1 elements were also detected on the short arm ofchromosomes 2 and 5 and on the long arm of the chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 8 and 9. In maize inbred line F102, 180-bp repeats were present in chromosomes 7S and one homologue of chromosomes 8L. TR-1 elements appeared on satellite of chromosome 6 and no detectable hybridization site co-located with 180-bp repeats was observed in maize F102.Polymorphism of size, number, and distribution of 180-bp and TR-1 signals were revealed among different chromosomes in these two species and heteromorphism existed between some homologous chromosomes in the same species.Using these excellent landmarks, the interspecific hybrid of maize and DP were identified. The results suggest that comparative analysis of 180-bp repeats and TR-1 elements may help understand the genome organization and the evolution in Zea.     

应变梯度理论有限元:C0-1分片检验及其变分基础

基于细观有限元弹性应变梯度理论,首次提出应变梯度有限元的C^0-1分片检验条件及其变分基础和一种构造应变梯度单元的方法．与常规的C^0分片检验和C^0分片检验不同,C^0-1分片检验要求检验函数为满足平衡方程的二次函数,并同时通过线性平面应力C^0分片检验和应变梯度常曲率的C^1分片检验．进一步提出一个平面18-DOF三角形应变梯度单元(RCT9 RT9),算例表明该单元通过C^0-1分片检验,无伪零能模式,并有较高的精度。     

Microscopic and ultramicroscopic localizations and quantitative analysis of 5-HT receptors in human placentas

The localizations of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR) at light and electron microscopic levels and its quantitative analysis in human placentas were studied by using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Both syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblast in placental villi and fetal white blood cells in villose capillary cavity showed 5-HT receptor immunoreactivity, with 5-HT 1A receptor mRNA hybridized signal detected in cytoplasm. But the stromal cells and capillary endothelium in placental villi showed 5-HT receptor immunoreactivity in cytoplasm, without 5_HT\-1A receptor mRNA hybridized signal detected. This suggested that two layers of trophoblast cells may produce 5-HT 1 and 5-HT 2 receptors, that the stromal cells and capillary endothelium in placental villi may only produce 5-HT 2 receptor. By immunohistochemistry at electron microscopic level, the small flattened vesicles and large dense cored vesicle within trophoblast cells showed 5-HT receptor immunoreactivity. This suggested that it may be the result of 5-HT receptors internalization and transportion. Using a quantitative immunohistochemical method, the contents of 5-HT receptor in placenta were higher during the 6th week of gestation, and decreased in 7th and 8th, reoccurred the second peak in the 9th, reduced gradually during the 10th, 20th and 40th of the gestation period. These changes paralleled the contents of 5-HT in the authors' studies, reflecting that 5-HT may be one of the most important bioactive substances in placental self-regulation.     

Localization and expression of LHβmRNA in the brain and Hatschek's pit of amphioxus, Branchiostoma belcheri

To determine whether gonadotropin-like substance in the brain and Hatschek' s pit of amphioxus issynthesized by the tissue in situ or transported from other tissue, a histochemical study was carried out by in situ hy- bridization using digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled LHβRNAprobes. The results showed that LHβmRNA expressed in the nerve cells of brain and the epithelial cells of Hatschek' s pit, thus providing new evidence for the homology of pituitary of ver- tebrates with Hatschek' s pit and the functional evolution of gonadotropin.