Establishment of a cell line (XTC-2) from the South African clawed toad,Xenopus laevis

Résumé On décrit une méthode pour l'établissement d'une culture de cellules du crapaud a griffes sudafricain,Xenopus laevis, afin de l'infecter avec des arbovirus. Les cellules (XTC-2) ont subi une culture continue pendant 3 ans. Elles ont un nombre diploïde de chromosomes. Elles furent cultivées aux températures de 22°C et de 28°C dans un milieu de culture dilué de NCTC 109 avec 10% de sérum de veau foetal.

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We thank ProfessorD. S. Bertram, Director of the Department of Entomology at the School, for his continued interest; Mr.A. O. Langi for technical assistance and Dr.L. Hamilton, Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, for supplying theXenopus tadpoles. We are especially grateful to the Wellcome Research Laboratories, Beckenham, for supplying medium NCTC 109, and to Mr.D. J. Richmond of the Laboratories for responding to our request for medium promptly and willingly. The work is supported in part by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Great Britain.     

Preparation of isolated cells from rat heart

Summary Suspensions of isolated cells from rat heart were prepared and the data for viability and yield are given. Glucose uptake by the cells was mediated by a carrier system.The technical assistance of Mr.E. T. Potter, Mr.K. D. Patel and Mr.M. Griffin is gratefully acknowledged.     

Interspecific protoplast fusion and complementation inaspergilli

Summary Protoplast fusion and nutritional complementation between auxotrophic mutants ofAspergillus nidulans andAspergillus fumigatus has been achieved. It is concluded that the nutritional complementation may be due to interspecific aneuploidy.The authors thank Mr.L. Manczinger and Mr.Gy. Oravecz for producing and characterizing the required mutants; Dr.D. Goldstein for providing the strainA. nidulans R. 21; Dr.D. Kerridge for the wild-type strainA. fumigatus 5085; and Mr.L. Nagy, MissÉva Sziráki and MissMária Pölös for skilful technical assistance.     

Solacasine,a new steroidal alkaloid fromSolanum pseudocapsicum possessing antimicrobial activity

Summary Systematic fractionation of alcohol extracts ofSolanum pseudocapsicum. showed that solacasine is the main antibacterial constituent. Based on physiochemical studies, a structure is proposed.The authors are grateful to Dr.R. Foltz, Battelle's Columbus Laboratories, and Mr.E. Fairchild of our laboratories for the mass spectral data, to Mr.Ruey-Ping Leu for the microbiological data, and to the NIH for grant No. AI-09846 in partial support of this work.     

An ‘Ultra’ rapid Golgi method for vertebrate neuroanatomy

Summary A modification of the hardening solution of the rapid Golgi method permits constant successful impregnations of the brain of several vertebrate representatives in only 24 hours.Acknowledgment. Thanks are due to Mr.V. Guglielmotti and Mr.E. Casale for technical assistance.     

Preparation of specific antiserum againstRana esculenta pre-α lens crystallin

Summary Specific antiserum againstRana esculenta lens pre- crystallin was prepared in a rabbit by injecting antigen-antibody precipitate of this crystallin obtained from immunoelectrophoresis ofesculenta total soluble lens proteins against homologous antiserum.Acknowledgments. We thank Mr.A. Wachter for the excellent technical help, Mr.Th. Hulskes and Mr.A. M. v. Egeraat for the illustrations and finally Dr.W. E. Hawkins for valuable discussion.     

Paroxysmal discharges in the electroencephalogram of the El mouse

Summary The spike discharges in the EEG of the El mouse, a seizure-susceptible strain, were recorded during convulsive seizures. This fact provides evidence that those seizures are really epileptic convulsions.I thank Dr.K. Imaizumi and Dr.K. Nakano of National Institute of Health for their sharing the strain of El mouse to us and MissY. Nakamoto and Mr.N. Ozawa for their technical assistance and Mr.K. Moriyama for his care for the mice, and also thank Dr. H.Narabayashi for his criticism on this paper.     

Gastric acid secretory responses of acute gastric fistula preparation in anesthetized young chickens

Summary A reliable technique which permits quantitative determination of the gastric acid secretory responses to drugs was developed in anesthetized young chickens.The present study was supported by a Grant from the Ministry of Education of Japan. We are indebted to Mr.M. Murakami, Mr.S. Kojima and MissU. Kariya, for their technical assistance.     

Adenosine promoted accumulation of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate in rabbit vagus nerve

Summary Desheathed rabbit vagus nerve has been found to form cyclic AMP when incubated with adenosine. This accumulation of cyclic AMP is inhibited by theophylline but not by antiadrenergic agents, anticholinergic agents or local anaesthetics. Depolarizing media are not able to promote cyclic AMP accumulation in this preparation.Acknowledgment. We gratefully acknowledge Mr.G. Jones for valuable discussion, MrsM. Moosmayer and Mr.S. Ferrara for expert technical assistance and Swiss National Science Foundation for grant support (Nr. 3.478.0.75).     

Blood pyruvate in cats after hydrocortisone hemi-succinate

Zusammenfassung Hydrocortison - Na - hemi - Succinat (100 mg des Steroids) lebenden, 4 1/2 h fastenden Katzen injiziert, ergab sofortigen Anstieg der Pyruvat-Konzentrationen im Blut mit nachfolgendem Blutzuckeranstieg.Injektionen von Kontrollösungen ergaben keine Reaktion. Nach Steroidgaben erfolgte sowohl bei normalen wie adrenolektomierten Tieren ebenfalls Anstieg.

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I should like to thank Professors SirG. Pickering andI. E. Bush and Dr.R. V. Coxon for help and Mr.B. Abraham, MissS. Briers and Mr.W. Brown for technical assistance. Glaxo Laboratories Ltd. made a generous gift of the hydrocortisone-21-phosphate.     

Causes of zonal distribution of glycogen in the liver acinus after a fat-rich diet

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass nach fettreicher Diät Glykogen hauptsächlich in der Zone 1 des Rappaportschen Leberacinus abgelagert wird, was durch den Abbau von Enzymen, die in den Zonen 2 und 3 am Glykogenaufbau beteiligt sind und durch die physiologische Regeneration in der Zone 1 verursacht wird.

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Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to Prof.A. de Minjer and Prof.L. W. J. Holleman for support and stimulating discussions. We acknowledge Mr.G. Tuit and MissT. Deijs for skilful technical assistance and Mr.A. J. H. Hosemans for preparing photomicrographs.     

Improved visualization of wall ultrastructure inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

Riassunto Usando fissativi contenenti TAPO é stata migliorata la visualizzazione dei componenti strutturali della parete cellulare diSaccharomyces cerevisiae; questa é stata paragonato con quella osservata precedentemente inCandida albicans.

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Acknowledgment. The author thanks Mr.B. Pasquetti and Mr.M. Mari for their excellent technical assistence.     

Enhancement of haemagglutinin production in polyoma virus-infected candida by a defined medium and urethan

Zusammenfassung Das onkogene Polyomavirus kann sich im PilzC. albicans vermehren und die Virusausbeute wird durch Urethanzugabe erhöht.

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We are very grateful to Mr. G. M.Healy of the CMRL, University of Toronto, for the generous supply of media and to Mr. B.Bucz for his technical help in this work supported by a grant of the National Cancer Institute of Canada.     

Diphasic action of the aliphatic amide,HOE 17879, on hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes in the mouse

Summary -Hydroxy--ethylbutyryl-diethylamide (HOE 17879) influences the hepatic microsomal drug hydroxylating enzyme system of mice in a two-phasic way: First it reduces the overall reaction of drug hydroxylation but not the single enzymes whilst in the second period it increases enzyme activities.Acknowledgments. The authors are indebted to their colleague, Dr.K. Schmitt, for making the substance HOE 17879 available. They wish to thank to Mr.Mayer, Mr.Paulusch Mrs.Fey, Mrs.Stein, and MissFehlings for their skilful assistance in the project.     

Tremorogenic effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone in rats

Zusammenfassung Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormon (TRH) erzeugt unmittelbar nach i.v. Injektion an Pentobarbital-narkotisierten Ratten einen feinschlägigen Tremor und Haarsträuben. Diese Symptome werden durch eine direkte zentralnervöse Wirkung von TRH und nicht durch Stimulation der Schilddrüse ausgelöst. Die Wirkung ist dosisabhängig und spezifisch für das Tripeptid pGlu-His-Pro.

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Acknowledgments. The authors gratefully acknowledge the advice of Dr.P. A. Desaulles and Dr.W. Rittel and the skilled technical assistance of Mr.B. Latscha and Mr.J. C. Dalmer.     

A novel tetracyclic sesquiterpene from the oil of orejuela ofCymbopetalum penduliforum (Dunal)

Résumé De l'éther de pétrole extrait de l'huile de l'Orejula (Cymbopetalum penduliforum Dunal, Baill) fut examiné pour son contenu en terpènes. On a isolé les sesquiterpènes tétracycliques (ishwarone). L'évidence chimique et spectral appuie la constitution chimique et sa conversion à isoishwarone.

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The authors are grateful to Dr.F. Will, Mr.W. F. Kuhn and Mr.G. Vilcins for their valuable analytical data and to Dr.R. F. Dawson for the oil of orejuela and Dr.P. C. Parthasarathy for the authentic sample of isoishwarane. We wish to thank ProfessorsA. Burger andN. H. Cromwell for helpful discussions.     

1β-Hydroxylation ofd-norgestrel and norethisterone byBotryodiploadi malorum

Zusammenfassung Die mikrobiologische 1-Hydroxylierung vond-Norgestrel und Norethisteron durch den MikroorganismusBotryodiplodia malorum wird beschrieben. Ausserdem wurde 11-Hydroxynorethisteron isoliert und charakterisiert.

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Acknowledgement. The authors want to express their appreciation to Dr.H. Smith for advice and encouragement through the course of this work. We wish to thank Dr.T. Chang, Dr.C. Hetzel and Mr.C. Kuhlman for obtaining and interpreting the mass spectra and Mr.B. Hormann for NMR decoupling experiments and analytical services.     

Two different aggregation principles in reaggregation process of dissociated sponge cells (Geodia cydonium)

Zusammenfassung Chemisch dissoziierte Zellen des KieselschwammesGeodia cydonium reaggregieren aufgrund zweier verschiedenr Reaggregationsprinzipien. Der Aggnegationsfaktor, auf den die Primäraggregation zurückgeht, ist membrangebunden und wird durch Proteasen nicht inaktiviert. Der sekundäre Aggregationsfaktor wurde 500fach angereichert. Das Molekulargewicht dieses Aggregationsfaktors beträgt etwa 20000 Daltons; er ist mit einem ringförmigen Makromolekül (2×10⁹ Daltons) assoziiert.

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Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Mrs.V. Pondeljak, Mrs.U. Müller-Berger, Mr. R. Beyer andMr. M. Srecec for their excellent technical assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the advice of dipl. Chem.J. Obermeier for the carbodiimide coupling method. This work is supported by Fonds der Chemischen Industrie and by the Landesversicherungsantalt Rheinland-Pfalz, Speyer/Rh.     

Penetration of phospholipases A2 and C into the squid (Loligo pealii) giant axon

Summary Following 1 h exposure, the level of phospholipase A₂ penetration into the axoplasm of the squid giant axon was 107 to 350% of that in the external media; corresponding values for phospholipase C were 18 to 31%. Phospholipases can therefore be used to study phospholipid function in axons since they can penetrate through connective tissue and Schwann cell to reach the axolemma.I thank Dr.Toshio Narahashi for allowing me to use his laboratory facilities at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Mass. for the dissection of squid axons. Expert technical assistance in these studies were provided by Mr.Steven Trudel and Mr.Stuart Owen Rosenberg. This work was supported in part by a grant from the University of Connecticut Research Foundation.     

Sulfhydryl groups,copper, diphenylamine reaction and some enzymes in the serum of rats with 6-sulfanilamidoindazole arthritis

Zusammenfassung Bei oraler Gabe von täglich 125 bzw. 250 mg/kg 6-Sulfanilamidoindazol zeigten am 9. Tag 93% der Ratten Arthritis der hinteren Extremitäten. Im Serum waren Sulfhydrylgruppen um 40% abgesunken, Kupfer um 82% und Diphenylaminreaktion um 55% angestiegen. Die Fermente Lysozym, LDH, LAP und GOT sowie die Entzündungseinheiten blieben unbeeinflusst.

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Acknowledgments. 6-SAI was kindly supplied by Mr.Z. E. Mielens, Sterling Winthrop Research, Institute, Rensselaer, USA, and Prof. Dr.E. Hannig and Mr.C. Kollmorgen, Sektion Pharmazie, Halle. We thank Mrs.R. Wangemann for skilful technical assistance.