具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

法治现代化建设思路新探--对人治现象经济学分析引起的反思

江泽民同志在党的十六大报告中明确指出，依法治国和以德治国相辅相成，实行依法治国和以德治国相结合是建设有中国特色社会主义必须坚持的十条基本经验之一；从而进一步强调“依法治国”的重要性，并把“以德治国”置于同等重要地位。要探索社会主义法治建设的新思路就必须在对古代社会人治现象进行经济学分析的基础之上，在肯定法治是历史必然的前提下，对中国社会转型期的法治现代化建设进行成本分析，进而实现“德治”和“法治”共同发展，以降低法治建设的成本。     

不同处理方式对鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白乳化性的影响

以鲢鱼鱼肉为原料,研究了超声波、微波、加热处理对鲢鱼鱼肉蛋白溶解性的影响.结果表明:蛋白的乳化性及乳化稳定性随加热温度的升高、微波和超声功率的增大及时间的延长均呈现先增大后减小的趋势.与室温下的蛋白相比,35℃加热9 min时的蛋白乳化性提高了36.79%,乳化稳定性在7 min、35℃时提高了14.2%;与未经微波处理的蛋白相比,微波功率100 W、40s时,乳化性提高了1.35倍,乳化稳定性在100 W、30 s时提高了15.85%;与未经超声处理的蛋白相比,乳化性在超声功率160 W,超声时间10 min时提高了56.7%,乳化稳定性在200 W、15 min时提高了9.85%.     

生姜提取物的防污活性研究

以翡翠贻贝(Perna viridisLinnaeus)足部收缩实验和白脊藤壶(Balanus albicostatasPilsbry)金星幼体附着抑制实验检测了生姜(Zingiber officinaleRoscoe)不同组分的防污活性.实验结果表明,在翡翠贻贝足部收缩实验中,生姜的六种提取物防污活性高低及其与硫酸铜的防污活性比较结果如下:乙醇冷提组分=乙醇热提组分>乙酸乙酯热提组分>乙酸乙酯冷提组分>硫酸铜>水冷提组分>水热提组分;在白脊藤壶金星幼体附着抑制实验中,生姜的六种提取物的防污活性高低排序如下:乙醇热提组分>乙醇冷提组分>乙酸乙酯冷提组分>乙酸乙酯热提组分>水冷提组分>水热提组分.本研究结果表明生姜的乙醇冷提组分、乙醇热提组分、乙酸乙酯冷提组分和乙酸乙酯热提组分均具有较高的防污活性,揭示了生姜在海洋防污中有很大的应用和发展潜力,为寻找新型的环保型海洋防污材料以及进一步研究提供了理论依据.     

镍基单晶高温合金的微孔加工对比实验研究

开展镍基单晶高温合金微孔加工实验研究,探讨不同直径、不同截面形状的电极对微孔的尺寸精度、表面质量、加工效率和亚表面损伤等方面的影响.研究结果表明,微细螺旋电极的加工效率远大于圆柱电极,其中直径200μm的微细螺旋电极的微孔加工效率比相同直径下的圆柱电极提高17%,而直径300μm的微细螺旋电极的加工效率可提高30.56%;微细螺旋电极加工的微孔扩孔量小于圆柱电极的扩孔量,且微细螺旋电极加工得到的孔壁质量优于圆柱电极的;微细螺旋电极所加工的微孔的亚表面损伤层连续且厚度小于圆柱电极所加工的微孔.     

舟山港船舶溢油事故风险评估研究

国内海上油运的迅速发展将导致船舶溢油事故风险逐年增大,科学的船舶溢油事故风险评估作为船舶溢油事故防控工作的重要方面也越来越受到重视。通过对我国以往船舶溢油事故的综合分析,借助国内外溢油事故数据和科学的评估方法,对舟山港的溢油事故发生概率和溢油量进行了预测和评估。得出的结论和建议将为船舶溢油事故应急能力建设提供参考和初步依据。     

反应性单体改性PP/PS共混物的增容作用

制备了聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯(PP/PS)共混物和反应性单体苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸(AA)及其混合单体改性PP/PS共混物,用扫描电镜(SEM)、偏光显微镜(POM)和动态黏弹谱仪(DMA)研究了反应性单体改性PP/PS共混物的相形态与动态力学行为.结果表明反应性单体St存在增容作用,促进PS在PP中的分散,使分散相PS的粒子尺寸减小.反应性单体AA存在明显的异相成核作用,使PP的球晶尺寸降低.St改性共混物的增容作用比AA改性共混物的明显,而AA改性共混物的异相成核作用比St改性的大.     

成本价格变化对露天煤矿最终境界的影响

基于经济合理剥采比准则以及地表模型和柱状煤层模型,应用CoalDesign软件系统对内蒙古某露天煤矿进行最终境界设计,得出了不同经济技术条件下的最终境界的形态.分析讨论了最终境界随成本价格变化的情况.实践表明,以当前技术经济参数为基准,原煤价格上升10%,原煤开采量增加79%,岩石剥离量增加115%,第四纪层剥离量增加6%,境界总体积增大95%,不考虑基建投资,利润值增加238%;开采成本降低10%,原煤开采量增加84%,岩石剥离量增加123%,第四纪层剥离量增加65%,境界总体积增大102%,不考虑基建投资,利润值增加245%.可以看出最终境界对成本价格的灵敏度很高,境界分析对矿山生产决策者做出正确决定有重要的参考价值.     

CuCl2/NaY体系加热单层分散态的程序升温还原研究

通过对加热单层分散和离子交换两种方法制得的样品的研究表明 ,二者中Cu2 + 的状态是不同的 .在加热分散样品中 ,阈值之前的样品有两个还原峰 ,分别为 5 0 0K和 716K ,而离子交换法所得的CuY的还原峰对应温度为 4 81K和 5 86K .实验结果证明 ,在单层分散得到的样品中 ,把Cu2 + 还原为零价比离子交换法的样品困难得多 .因此 ,通过这种方法制得的催化剂的催化活性也可能与离子交换法制得的催化剂大不相同     

论合同一般法定解除权行使事由的完善

我国合同法94条规定了4项一般合同法定解除权的事由.第一项因不可抗力而解除,第二项因预 期违约而解除,第三项因迟延履行而解除,第四项因根本违约而解除。此条立法很好地表现了我国合同法博采 世界先进立法经验的现象,有海纳百川之势。因不可抗力而解除和因根本违约而解除的立法较为科学,因预期 违约而解除的立法则与合同法中已有的条文相冲突,因迟延履行而解除的立法也存在许多不完善之处。笔者旨 在对因预期违约而解除和因迟延履行而解除的立法进行分析、梳理,并提出一些完善的建议,以抛砖引玉。     

基线倾角对相位干涉仪测向的影响

在相位干涉仪测向系统中，通常都认为基线倾角对相位的影响是可以通过几何投影的方法得到等效基线来消除的．针对基线倾角的存在，从相位干涉仪测向原理出发给出了定性的分析，指出了基线倾角给相位干涉仪测向系统带来的测角错误，并通过实验的方法证实了其分析的正确性，在实际工程应用上具有一定的指导意义．