脉冲爆震发动机热力循环性能分析

分析了混合气体中燃烧产生的爆震波的传播机理,建立了爆震波传播过程中参数的基本关系。在不同进气增压比条件下,对爆震波的特性参数进行了计算,得出了爆震波前后气流参数的变化关系;并计算了爆震燃烧循环过程的热效率和爆震燃烧不可逆过程中熵增随爆震波前马赫数的变化规律。最后将爆震燃烧循环与布莱顿循环、甘福利循环进行比较,结果表明：爆震燃烧循环具有更高的有效循环功和循环热效率。     

火焰聚心和激波聚焦诱导爆震波

对几种不同结构形式的爆震发生器进行了数值模拟,来研究激波聚焦和火焰聚心现象、气动特性及其机理。数值计算采用多组分理想气体详细的化学反应机理、二维轴对称非定常流动Navier-Stokes方程来模拟流体动力学和化学动力学过程。数值计算发现用较低的点火能量对射流火焰燃烧器中可燃混合物点火,层流火焰在狭窄管壁作用下加速,射流火焰在轴线上汇聚过程,有利于激波的加强。强激波加速火焰,在多重激波与火焰反复作用下,激波和火焰面之间出现热点,热点迅速放大并形成压力很高的过驱爆震波,而后衰减为稳定的爆震波,不同的激波聚焦腔爆震波的形成过程不同。对数值计算的结果分析得出了起爆距离和稳定爆震距离,为进一步试验提供参考。     

新型激波聚焦脉冲爆震模型连续起爆探究

针对俄罗斯Levin等人提出的2-Stage PDE模型中射流径向入射导致连续爆震工作无法顺利完成的问题,计算模型基于Fluent软件进行了仿真实验,通过改变环形射流入射方向的手段实现有效且快速地填充.在模型结构上,通过采用高频低能耗火花塞预点火、渐缩通道、环形窄缝和环形弯面,强化形成环形爆震波入射,并经衍射后实现激波...     

基于WENO格式的爆震波传播过程一维数值模拟

用时间算子分裂法来分离普通流体流动和化学反应方程,采用有限体积加权基本无振荡格式构建了带有复杂状态方程的欧拉方程组;提出一种新的熵修正方法EF4,并结合Roe平均格式来解决激波的不稳定问题和间断问题。通过对带有详细化学反应的爆震波传播过程进行了一维数值模拟,获得的爆震波稳定压力以及爆震波传播速度都和理论结果一致,结果表明,WENO有限体积格式可以很好地模拟爆震波传播过程。     

三维爆震引射增推性能数值计算及验证

本文对三维圆形爆震室引射增推性能进行了数值模拟和试验验证。应用数值方法对爆震波衰退为激波后的传播、排除过程进行了多循环模拟,分析了三维爆震波非稳态引射流场的变化过程,得到了与文献一致的结果;对多循环爆震引射过程的瞬时推力、冲量以及爆震室出口的质量流量进行了分析研究;引射喷管在不同位置处时对爆震室的推力增量值进行了对比,发现在引射喷管轴向位置X=0mm处时推力增量达到最大值,试验验证了这一结论。     

爆震波形成过程试验研究

对三种不同结构(小环形、大环形、圆形)的爆震室进行不同参数的爆震试验,研究爆震波的形成过程。发现小环形爆震室在可燃混合物当量比φ≥1.1、大环形爆震室和圆形爆震室均在当量比φ=1.2时,无论有无孔板,爆震波都会在爆震室封闭端附近形成。预燃室环形聚心火焰点火方式,集预燃室两步起爆法、环形火焰聚心和激波聚焦原理、弯管加速火焰法于一体的点火起爆方式,加速了爆震波的形成过程。     

新概念脉冲爆震发动机的探索性研究

综述了国外脉冲爆震发动机研究的进展,介绍了作者在脉冲爆震发动机探索性研究方面的成果:对脉冲爆震发动机的热力循环进行了分析,修正了比冲计算公式;发展了一种新的低能量(50mJ)单级起爆系统;采用爆震性较差的液体燃料C 8 H 16 /空气混合物,成功地进行了两相脉冲爆震发动机原理性试验,所测量的爆震波压力比非常接近充分发展的C-J爆震;实验研究了脉冲爆震发动机的直径、长度以及爆震频率对其性能的影响;突破了将脉冲爆震发动机长度缩短到1m,爆震频率提高到36Hz的关键技术;发展了脉冲爆震发动机工作过程的数值模拟程序,计算结果与试验符合良好.     

爆轰现象

本书介绍了可燃物的爆轰现象,特别是气体的爆轰现象。首先介绍了爆震波的经典理论、爆震波内的流场确定、包括爆燃以及从爆燃过渡到爆轰过程的气体动力学理论和爆轰产物的动力学、层流结构;随后的章节详细描述了爆震波不稳定结构,文章提出了一维、二维、三维的计算模拟和各种实验结果,讨论了限制和边界条件对爆轰的影响,介绍了作者提出的有耦合的能量释放导致击波强化的起爆机制,     

惰性气体泄爆实验与数值模拟

对惰性气体在3种不同压力下的泄爆进行了实验,并分别获得了流场图像、实验中气源出口截面的气体静压与周围环境静压之比分别为1．2、2．0和2．5。同时应用改造后的高阶精度MUSCL差分格式,对泄爆流场进行了数值模拟,将计算结果和实验结果对比后,发现两者吻合。根据射流动力学理论,分析了产生这种波系结构和流场压力变化的原因。当压力比为1．2时,波系为驻波形式;随着压力比的增加,射流波系中出现激波结构;当压力比达到2．5时,流动变为高度欠膨胀,波系中的激波在强度和直径上得到了加强。结果对进一步研究可燃性介质的泄爆过程,提供了可供参照的图像和数据。     

两步起爆过程中爆震波衍射特性研究

为了研究两步爆震起爆过程,通过数值模拟研究了填充条件和预爆管出口伸进扩张过渡段的长度L对爆震波衍射特性的影响规律。结果表明:L越小扩张过渡段对爆震起爆的加强作用越明显,但预爆管与扩张过渡段间的渐扩通道对爆震波回传的阻滞作用越弱;L越大,则结果相反。因此,应选择合适的L使扩张过渡段与渐扩通道对爆震波传播的增强作用达到最大。同时,在L=35mm时,爆震波能够较早地与扩张过渡段壁面作用形成高温、高压区,从而加强了爆震波的传播,且预爆管与扩张过渡段之间的渐扩通道能对回传的爆震形成一定的阻滞作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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