ANALYSIS AND COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHM FOR QUEUES WITH STATE-DEPENDENT VACATIONS II： M（n）/G/1/K

We study a single-server queueing system with state-dependent arrivals and general service distribution, or simply M（n）/G/1/K, where the server follows an N policy and takes multiple vacations when the system is empty. We provide a recursive algorithm using the supplementary variable technique to numerically compute the stationary queue length distribution of the system. The only input requirements are the Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of the service time distribution and the vacation time distribution, and the state-dependent arrival rate. The computational complexity of the algorithm is O（K^3）.     

The M/M/1 queue with working vacations and vacation interruptions

In this paper, we study the M/M/1 queue with working vacations and vacation interruptions. The working vacation is introduced recently, during which the server can still provide service on the original ongoing work at a lower rate. Meanwhile, we introduce a new policy：, the server can come back from the vacation to the normal working level once some indices of the system, such as the number of customers, achieve a certain value in the vacation period. The server may come back from the vacation without completing the vacation. Such policy is called vacation interruption. We connect the above mentioned two policies and assume that if there are customers in the system after a service completion during the vacation period, the server will come back to the normal working level. In terms of the quasi birth and death process and matrix-geometric solution method, we obtain the distributions and the stochastic decomposition structures for the number of customers and the waiting time and provide some indices of systems.     

ANALYSIS AND COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHM FOR QUEUES WITH STATE-DEPENDENT VACATIONS Ⅱ:M(n)/G/1/K

We study a single-server queueing system with state-dependent arrivals and general service-distribution.or simply M(n)/G/1/K.where the server follows an N policy and takes multiple vacationswhen the system is empty.We provide a recursive algorithm using the supplementary variable tech-nique to munerically compute the stationary queue length distribution of the system.The only inputrequirements are the Laplace-Stieltjes transforms of the service time distribution and the vacation timedistribution.and the state-dependent arrival rate.The computational complexity of the algorithm isO(K~3).     

Optimal control of an M/G/1 retrial queue with vacations

In this note, we consider an M/G/1 retrial queue with server vacations, when retrial times, service times and vacation times are arbitrary distributed. The distribution of the number of customers in the system in stationary regime is obtained in terms of generating function. Next, we give heavy traffic approximation of such distribution. We show that the system size can be decomposed into two random variables, one of which corresponds to the system size of the ordinary M/G/1 FIFO queue without vacation. Such a stochastic decomposition property is useful for the computation of performance measures of interest. Finally, we solve simple problems of optimal control of vacation and retrial policies.     

Customer Joining Behavior and Regulation Strategy in Visible Multi-Server Queues with Synchronous Vacations of Partial Servers

This paper studies customer joining behavior and system regulation strategy in nonexhaustive visible M/M/m queues with synchronous vacations of a part of the servers. Once this part of the servers are idle, they take multiple vacations simultaneously(vacation period). Until there are customers waiting in the queue, they are reactivated and all servers are busy or idle(busy period).The authors call this part of the servers as “partial servers”. In view of the fully visible queue and the almost vi...     

Product Form Solution of a Queuing-Inventory System with Lost Sales and Server Vacation

In this study, the authors consider an M/M/1 queuing system with attached inventory under an(s, S) control policy. The server takes multiple vacations whenever the inventory is depleted.It is assumed that the lead time and the vacation time follow exponential distributions. The authors formulate the model as a quasi-birth-and-dearth(QBD) process and derive the stability condition of the system. Then, the stationary distribution in product form for the joint process of the queue length,the invent...     

Many-server queues with customer abandonment: A survey of diffusion and fluid approximations

The performance of a call center is sensitive to customer abandonment.In this survey paper,we focus on G/GI/ n + GI parallel-server queues that serve as a building block to model call center operations.Such a queue has a general arrival process(the G ),independent and identically distributed(iid) service times with a general distribution(the first GI),and iid patience times with a general distribution(the +GI).Following the square-root safety staffing rule,this queue can be operated in the quality- and efficiency-driven(QED) regime,which is characterized by large customer volume,the waiting times being a fraction of the service times,only a small fraction of customers abandoning the system,and high server utilization.Operational efficiency is the central target in a system whose staffing costs dominate other expenses.If a moderate fraction of customer abandonment is allowed,such a system should be operated in an overloaded regime known as the efficiency-driven (ED) regime.We survey recent results on the many-server queues that are operated in the QED and ED regimes.These results include the performance insensitivity to patience time distributions and diffusion and fluid approximate models as practical tools for performance analysis.     

Randomized policy of a poisson input queue with <Emphasis Type="Italic">J</Emphasis> vacations

This paper studies the operating characteristics of an M/G/1 queuing system with a randomized control policy and at most J vacations.After all the customers are served in the queue exhaustively, the server immediately takes at most J vacations repeatedly until at least N customers are waiting for service in the queue upon returning from a vacation.If the number of arrivals does not reach N by the end of the J~(th) vacation,the server remains idle in the system until the number of arrivals in the queue re...     

Data-Driven Fitting of the G/G/1 Queue

The Maximum Likelihood Estimation(MLE)method is an established statistical method to estimate unknown parameters of a distribution.A disadvantage of the MLE method is that it requires an analytically tractable density,which is not available in many cases.This is the case,for example,with applications in service systems,since waiting models from queueing theory typically have no closed-form solution for the underlying density.This problem is addressed in this paper.MLE is used in combination with Stochastic Approximation(SA)to calibrate the arrival parameterθof a G/G/1 queue via waiting time data.Three different numerical examples illustrate the application of the proposed estimator.Data sets of an M/G/1 queue,G/M/1 queue and model mismatch are considered.In a model mismatch,a mismatch is present between the used data and the postulated queuing model.The results indicate that the estimator is versatile and can be applied in many different scenarios.     

RANDOMIZED POLICY OF A POISSON INPUT QUEUE WITH J VACATIONS

<正>This paper studies the operating characteristics of an M/G/1 queuing system with a randomized control policy and at most J vacations.After all the customers are served in the queue exhaustively, the server immediately takes at most J vacations repeatedly until at least N customers are waiting for service in the queue upon returning from a vacation.If the number of arrivals does not reach N by the end of the J~(th) vacation,the server remains idle in the system until the number of arrivals in the queue reaches N.If the number of customers in the queue is exactly accumulated N since the server remains idle or returns from vacation,the server is activated for services with probability p and deactivated with probability(1-p).For such variant vacation model,other important system characteristics are derived,such as the expected number of customers,the expected length of the busy and idle period,and etc.Following the construction of the expected cost function per unit time,an efficient and fast procedure is developed for searching the joint optimum thresholds(N~*,J~*) that minimize the cost function.Some numerical examples are also presented.     

单重延误休假的$M^x$/G(M/G)/1可修排队系统分析(Ⅰ)—— 一些排队指标

考虑具有单重延误休假的$M^x$/G(M/G)/1可修排队系统,其中休假时间、服务时间、修理时间和延误休假时间都为任意分布(不一定是连续型),采用一种较简洁的方法,我们获得队长的瞬态解、平稳解和队长的随机分解表达式,同时给出了一些特殊情形下队长的随机分解结果.     

THE M/M/c QUEUE WITH PH SYNCHRONOUS VACATIONS

1.IntroductionRecently,singleserverqueueswithvacationshavebeenstudiedextensivelyfromtheirowntheoreticalinterestaswellastheirapplicationstomanyengineeringsystemssuchascomputers,communicationnetworksandmanufacturingsystems.FOrtheM/G/lqueueingsystemswit...     

单重延误休假的M~x/G(M/G)/1可修排队系统分析(Ⅰ)—— 一些排队指标

考虑具有单重延误休假的MxG(MG)1可修排队系统,其中休假时间、服务时间、修理时间和延误休假时间都为任意分布(不一定是连续型),采用一种较简洁的方法,我们获得队长的瞬态解、平稳解和队长的随机分解表达式,同时给出了一些特殊情形下队长的随机分解结果     

An M/G/1 Queueing System with Delay Server Vacations

ＡｎＭ／Ｇ／１ＱｕｅｕｅｉｎｇＳｙｓｔｅｍｗｉｔｈＤｅｌａｙＳｅｒｖｅｒＶａｃａｔｉｏｎｓ⒇ＴＡＮＧＹｉｎｇｈｕｉＴＡＮＧＸｉａｏｗｏ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＭａｔｈ．,Ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｃｏｌｅｇｅ,Ｕｎｉｖｅｒ．ｏｆＥｌｅｃｔｒ...     

延迟多重休假MX/G/1排队系统的队长分布

考虑延迟多重休假的M^x／G／1排队，在假定延迟时间、休假时间和服务时间都是一般概率分布函数下，研究了队长的瞬态和稳态性质、通过引进“服务员忙期”，导出了在任意时刻t瞬态队长分布的L变换的递推表达式和稳态队长分布的递推表达式，以及平稳队长的随机分解．     

具有多重休假和Min(N,V)-策略控制的Geo/G/1离散时间排队

考虑服务员具有多重休假和系统采用min(N,V)-策略控制的离散时间Geo/G/1排队系统,使用全概率分解技术和更新过程理论,研究了系统在任意时刻n+的瞬态队长分布和稳态队长分布,得到了瞬态队长分布的z-变换表达式和稳态队长分布的递推表达式.进一步,得到了系统在时刻点n,n~-和外部观察时刻点的稳态队长分布.特别地,本文直接获得了一些特殊离散时间排队系统相应的结果.最后,通过数值实例阐述了获得便于计算的稳态队长分布的表达式在系统容量设计中的重要价值.     

The bulk input M[X] /M/1 queue with working vacations

In this paper, we analyze a bulk input M^[X] /M/1 queue with multiple working vacations. A quasi upper triangle transition probability matrix of two-dimensional Markov chain in this model is obtained, and with the matrix analysis method, highly complicated probability generating function(PGF) of the stationary queue length is firstly derived, from which we got the stochastic decomposition result for the stationary queue length which indicates the evident relationship with that of the classical M^[X] /M/1 queue without vacation. It is important that we find the upper and the lower bounds of the stationary waiting time in the Laplace transform order using the properties of the conditional Erlang distribution. Furthermore, we gain the mean queue length and the upper and the lower bounds of the mean waiting time.