桥面铺装环氧沥青防水粘结层性能试验与评价

为评价桥面铺装环氧沥青防水粘结层的性能,采用剪切、拉拔等试验,研究分析了环氧沥青对钢板基面和水泥板基面的粘结强度及其强度随温度和养生时间的关系;采用复合板模拟试验,分析比较了几种防水粘结层与不同基面板和沥青铺装层的剪切强度和拉拔强度。试验结果表明:环氧沥青作为桥面结构防水粘结层,其剪切、拉拔强度明显优于其他类型材料,并且对钢板基面的拉拔、剪切强度均高于水泥板基面,说明环氧沥青更适合于钢桥面铺装;在高温下,环氧沥青与其上沥青结构具有良好的粘结强度。     

SBS改性沥青与石料的剪切性能

针对水煮法评价SBS改性沥青与石料间黏附性的局限性,以沥青与石料的黏结机理分析为基础,设计了基于剪切试验的沥青与石料黏附性评价方法,提出了以剪切强度作为黏附性定量评价指标,通过剪切试验,验证了剪切强度指标的可行性,分析了SBS改性剂类型、掺量和试验温度对SBS改性沥青与石料黏结作用的影响.结果表明:SBS的掺入显著改善了沥青与石料的黏结作用;随SBS掺量的增加,改性沥青与石料的黏结作用有明显的增大,当掺量为4%时,SBS改性沥青与石料的剪切强度较基质沥青提高约100%;同时,也说明剪切强度指标可定量评价沥青与石料的黏结效果,从而为改性沥青的性能评价和质量控制提供参考.     

硅烷偶联剂对沥青与石料及水泥胶砂界面的作用

把硅烷偶联剂A的水溶液喷涂于石料及水泥胶砂表面,采用红外光谱分析、强度检验及黏附性实验等方法,研究了硅烷偶联剂对乳化沥青、普通沥青与石料及水泥胶砂界面的作用.研究结果表明,经过硅烷偶联剂A处理后的花岗岩、砂粉和水泥净浆粉末的红外图谱均存在明显的CH2吸收带,在表面形成了一层偶联层,此偶联层增强了它们和乳化沥青、普通沥青之间的黏接;将0.6%硅烷偶联剂A水溶液涂覆到水泥胶砂界面,再以乳化沥青和普通沥青连接试件,其28天抗折强度及28天抗拉强度可分别提高20%和60%;花岗岩石料浸泡硅烷偶联剂A水溶液后与乳化沥青的裹覆面积、与普通沥青的黏附级数均有提高.     

基于三维细观空隙的超薄罩面层间洒布量设计与性能评价

为研究超薄罩面与原路面之间的层间黏结沥青洒布量,通过计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)和三维重构技术对混合料试件进行空隙扫描和结构重建,依据空隙分布规律确定环氧沥青的填充空隙用量。在此基础上,结合室内25、60℃的层间45°斜剪、直剪以及拉拔试验,分析不同沥青洒布量对层间剪切和黏结强度的影响。结果表明:Novachip Type-A环氧沥青和SMA-13混合料的空隙均沿试样高度呈C型分布,有效空隙集中于表面2 mm以及底部1 mm,由此确定沥青填充空隙用量为0.25 kg/m²。室内试验中满足最大层间剪切、黏结强度的沥青洒布量为0.7 kg/m²,层间洒布量过少、过大时会发生黏附及黏聚破坏,因此最佳层间洒布量为0.95 kg/m²。     

混凝土桥面沥青铺装防水黏结层材料性能研究

为了评价不同类型桥面防水黏结层材料的性能,在实验室对水性环氧沥青、橡胶沥青和SBS改性沥青三种防水黏结层材料进行不同洒布量、温度、浸水和冻融条件下的抗剪切和拉拔性能试验.研究结果表明：三种防水黏结层材料的耐腐蚀性和不透水性均较优,水性环氧沥青的黏结强度、低温柔韧性、高温耐热性、温度敏感性、水稳定性、抗水损坏性均优于橡胶沥青和SBS改性沥青;推荐橡胶沥青、SBS改性沥青和水性环氧沥青分别采用洒布量为1.6、1.4、1.0 kg/m²进行工程应用.     

偶联剂改善沥青混凝土性能及油石界面试验研究

试验探讨了偶联剂作为油石界面改性剂对沥青混凝土性能改善的可能性.试验发现,偶联剂无论对酸性花岗岩石料还是中性玄武岩石料的沥青混凝土性能都具有明显的改善作用.添加偶联剂的沥青,对石料的黏附等级达到5级,而改性前的沥青与花岗岩和玄武岩的黏附等级仅为2级和3级;马歇尔稳定度比基质沥青混凝土提高10%～20%,马歇尔模数提高约6%,残留马歇尔稳定度提高18%～28%,3次冻融循环后的劈裂强度比相对于基质沥青混凝土提高25%～33%.红外光谱分析证实,偶联剂在花岗岩和玄武岩石料表面均形成一层偶联层.消耗石料表面残留水分、形成偶联化层和提高沥青在石料表面的润湿速度是硅烷偶联剂改善油石界面的根本原因.     

高性能环氧沥青材料的绿色制备技术

通过加入高分子脂肪族多元醇中和环氧沥青中的游离顺酐,避免顺酐挥发对生产和使用环境的影响,保证了环氧沥青材料的绿色制备和使用.制备可用于粘结层与铺装层的环氧沥青材料平均拉伸强度分别达到6.8和2.4MPa,平均断裂延伸率分别达到204.1%和292.3%.作为粘结层材料,与水泥混凝土的拉拔强度为2.0MPa,剪切强度为2.2MPa,与钢板的拉拔强度达到7.8MPa,作为混合料制备的马歇尔试件最终稳定度为56.98kN.     

耐久性环氧沥青路面结构有限元分析

环氧沥青是一种热固性材料,具有强度高、高温稳定性好、耐疲劳等优异性能。将环氧沥青混合料作为路面面层,是实现路面耐久性的一种可行方式。本研究将环氧沥青混合料作为路面面层的铺装材料,并降低环氧沥青中环氧组分用量,通过抗压回弹模量试验和应力松弛试验获取环氧沥青混合料的力学参数。基于试验得到的混合料力学参数,设计不同路面结构组合,并使用有限元模拟手段对环氧沥青路面进行结构力学分析和组合优化设计。结果表明:沥青用量为60%和70%的环氧沥青混合料的路用性能和强度显著优于SBS改性沥青混合料。组合3(4cm 60% EAC-13+4cm AC-13),组合5(4cm 70%EAC-13+4cm 70%EAC-13),组合7(4cm AC-13+4cm 60% EAC-13)三种环氧沥青路面结构组合与其他结构组合相比具有较好力学计算指标和经济性。     

基于表面能的掺消石灰沥青黏附性分析

为分析消石灰对基质沥青与酸性石料黏附性的影响,以表面能理论为基础,分别在干燥和潮湿两种条件下,比较SK90~#、中海90~#、克炼90~#、SK70~#、中海70~#和现代70~#等6种基质沥青掺加消石灰前后与花岗岩的黏附功大小,并通过改进的水煮试验,对黏附功理论的试验结果进行进一步验证.研究结果表明:在掺入消石灰后,6种沥青的总表面能参数减小7.6%～10.3%,而表面能极性分量的数值和所占比例均增大;沥青与花岗岩的黏附功提升明显,抵抗水损害能力增强,且沥青和花岗岩的黏附功试验与水煮试验结果有着显著的关联性,由此量化了消石灰在改善基质沥青与酸性石料黏附性方面的效果.     

环氧沥青混凝土性能研究

通过对环氧沥青混凝土各方面力学性能的试验研究发现,环氧沥青混凝土具有优良的力学性能而且在低温条件下仍具有很好的变形能力,其强度是普通沥青混凝土或其他桥面铺装用的沥青混合料（SMA、浇注式沥青混凝土）的7－8倍,其温度变形系数接近钢板,因此,环氧沥青混凝土作为钢桥面铺装材料较之其他种类材料具有很大的优越性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that