Quantum oscillations in two coupled charge qubits

A practical quantum computer, if built, would consist of a set of coupled two-level quantum systems (qubits). Among the variety of qubits implemented, solid-state qubits are of particular interest because of their potential suitability for integrated devices. A variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented; these exploit the coherence of Cooper-pair tunnelling in the superconducting state. Despite apparent progress in the implementation of individual solid-state qubits, there have been no experimental reports of multiple qubit gates--a basic requirement for building a real quantum computer. Here we demonstrate a Josephson circuit consisting of two coupled charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we coherently mix quantum states and observe quantum oscillations, the spectrum of which reflects interaction between the qubits. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of coupling multiple solid-state qubits, and indicate the existence of entangled two-qubit states.     

Quantum computing in molecular magnets

Shor and Grover demonstrated that a quantum computer can outperform any classical computer in factoring numbers and in searching a database by exploiting the parallelism of quantum mechanics. Whereas Shor's algorithm requires both superposition and entanglement of a many-particle system, the superposition of single-particle quantum states is sufficient for Grover's algorithm. Recently, the latter has been successfully implemented using Rydberg atoms. Here we propose an implementation of Grover's algorithm that uses molecular magnets, which are solid-state systems with a large spin; their spin eigenstates make them natural candidates for single-particle systems. We show theoretically that molecular magnets can be used to build dense and efficient memory devices based on the Grover algorithm. In particular, one single crystal can serve as a storage unit of a dynamic random access memory device. Fast electron spin resonance pulses can be used to decode and read out stored numbers of up to 105, with access times as short as 10-10 seconds. We show that our proposal should be feasible using the molecular magnets Fe8 and Mn12.     

Quantum oscillations and the Fermi surface in an underdoped high-Tc superconductor

Despite twenty years of research, the phase diagram of high-transition-temperature superconductors remains enigmatic. A central issue is the origin of the differences in the physical properties of these copper oxides doped to opposite sides of the superconducting region. In the overdoped regime, the material behaves as a reasonably conventional metal, with a large Fermi surface. The underdoped regime, however, is highly anomalous and appears to have no coherent Fermi surface, but only disconnected 'Fermi arcs'. The fundamental question, then, is whether underdoped copper oxides have a Fermi surface, and if so, whether it is topologically different from that seen in the overdoped regime. Here we report the observation of quantum oscillations in the electrical resistance of the oxygen-ordered copper oxide YBa2Cu3O6.5, establishing the existence of a well-defined Fermi surface in the ground state of underdoped copper oxides, once superconductivity is suppressed by a magnetic field. The low oscillation frequency reveals a Fermi surface made of small pockets, in contrast to the large cylinder characteristic of the overdoped regime. Two possible interpretations are discussed: either a small pocket is part of the band structure specific to YBa2Cu3O6.5 or small pockets arise from a topological change at a critical point in the phase diagram. Our understanding of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductors will depend critically on which of these two interpretations proves to be correct.     

Emergent excitations in a geometrically frustrated magnet

Frustrated systems are ubiquitous, and they are interesting because their behaviour is difficult to predict; frustration can lead to macroscopic degeneracies and qualitatively new states of matter. Magnetic systems offer good examples in the form of spin lattices, where all interactions between spins cannot be simultaneously satisfied. Here we report how unusual composite spin degrees of freedom can emerge from frustrated magnetic interactions in the cubic spinel ZnCr(2)O(4). Upon cooling, groups of six spins self-organize into weakly interacting antiferromagnetic loops, whose directors -- the unique direction along which the spins are aligned, parallel or antiparallel -- govern all low-temperature dynamics. The experimental evidence comes from a measurement of the magnetic form factor by inelastic neutron scattering; the data show that neutrons scatter from hexagonal spin clusters rather than individual spins. The hexagon directors are, to a first approximation, decoupled from each other, and hence their reorientations embody the long-sought local zero energy modes for the pyrochlore lattice.     

量子点量子阱中的极化子

首先研究了量子点量子阱中的电子态，对阱外及阱内的两种束缚态都进行了考虑，然后采用微扰方法，对量子点量子阱系统中的极化子效应进行了研究。最后采用CdS/HgS为材料的量子点量子阱 进行了数值计算，结果显示极化子效应对电子能级的修正明显并且不能被忽略。     

Quantum distribution of protons in solid molecular hydrogen at megabar pressures

Solid hydrogen, a simple system consisting only of protons and electrons, exhibits a variety of structural phase transitions at high pressures. Experimental studies based on static compression up to about 230 GPa revealed three relevant phases of solid molecular hydrogen: phase I (high-temperature, low-pressure phase), phase II (low-temperature phase) and phase III (high-pressure phase). Spectroscopic data suggest that symmetry breaking, possibly related to orientational ordering, accompanies the transition into phases II and III. The boundaries dividing the three phases exhibit a strong isotope effect, indicating that the quantum-mechanical properties of hydrogen nuclei are important. Here we report the quantum distributions of protons in the three phases of solid hydrogen, obtained by a first-principles path-integral molecular dynamics method. We show that quantum fluctuations of protons effectively hinder molecular rotation--that is, a quantum localization occurs. The obtained crystal structures have entirely different symmetries from those predicted by the conventional simulations which treat protons classically.     

Field-tuned quantum effects in a triangular-lattice Ising magnet

We report thermodynamic and neutron scattering measurements of the triangular-lattice quantum Ising magnet TmMgGaO4 in longitudinal magnetic fields.Our experime...     

以[NEt4]3[Fe（CN）6]和[Mn（Ⅲ）（SB）S1S2]C1O4为单元的分子磁体的合成和表征

以[NEt4]3[Fe(CN)6]和[Mn(Ⅲ)(SB)S1S2]ClO4(SB,席夫碱=5 CH3salophen(双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺)和5 CH3salen(双水杨醛缩乙二胺),S1和S2为H2O或CH3OH)为单元,室温下组装得到了新的化合物,并进行了相应的表征.结合元素分析、红外光谱分析、紫外 可见光谱分析和热分析结果,可以看出,席夫碱配体的空间位阻不同,化合物的结构也有很大变化.     

耦合量子线-量子点体系中的Fano效应

利用非平衡格林函数方法,研究了耦合量子线-量子点体系的相干电子输运性质.研究发现:对于旁耦合一个2能级量子点的量子线的线性电导呈现有趣的电导降中带电导峰的现象;而对于耦合2量子点体系,线性电导表现为有趣的多共振现象.由于Fano干涉,上述电导峰电子的线型不是洛仑兹型的.     

Nanomechanical oscillations in a single-C60 transistor

The motion of electrons through quantum dots is strongly modified by single-electron charging and the quantization of energy levels. Much effort has been directed towards extending studies of electron transport to chemical nanostructures, including molecules, nanocrystals and nanotubes. Here we report the fabrication of single-molecule transistors based on individual C60 molecules connected to gold electrodes. We perform transport measurements that provide evidence for a coupling between the centre-of-mass motion of the C60 molecules and single-electron hopping--a conduction mechanism that has not been observed previously in quantum dot studies. The coupling is manifest as quantized nano-mechanical oscillations of the C60 molecule against the gold surface, with a frequency of about 1.2 THz. This value is in good agreement with a simple theoretical estimate based on van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between C60 molecules and gold electrodes.     

一种永磁轴承的设计和磁场分布的解析计算

从永磁体的分子电流观点出发,应用矢量磁位法,对轴向均匀充磁的永磁环,建立用完全椭圆积分表示的永磁环外部空间磁势和磁场分布的解析计算表达式.根据矢量迭加原理,应用该公式可计算1块至多块永磁环并列放置时其外部空间的磁场分布.通过对单块永磁环磁场分布的仿真计算和实验测试数据比较,磁感应强度计算误差不超过8%,验证了计算公式的正确性.     

量子点量子阱结构中激子的极化效应(英文)

考虑激子与体纵光学声子的相互作用,采用变分法研究了量子点量子阱结构中澈子的极化效应.以CdS/HgS量子点量子阱结构为例进行数值计算,得到了激子的基态能量和束缚能.研究结果表明,声子对澈子束缚能的贡献随着阱宽的增加而增加,极化子效应不能忽略.激子的基态能量和束缚能明显依赖于量子点量子阱结构的核半径和壳层厚度,量子点量子阱结构的尺寸对激子-声子相互作用有重要的影响.     

尾水管压力脉动的模拟与现场实测

通过求解包括导叶、转轮、尾水管3大过流部件在内的水轮机流道内的三维不稳定Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes方程,获得了不同开度部分负荷下的尾水管压力脉动特征和涡带特征。计算采用了RNGk-ε模型。对所计算的水轮机,在尾水管进人门中心对压力脉动进行了现场实测。计算与实测的比较表明,在开度为65%~80%的范围内,计算所得涡带压力脉动低频频率与实测值吻合良好;在80%左右开度下,幅值预测也很准确,但65%左右开度下,幅值偏差略大;结合尾水管内涡带运动特征,对计算方法进行了评价:由于所采用的k-ε系列模型为统计模型,计算的压力脉动未能反映实测中出现的高频成分。     

表贴式永磁电机漏磁导的解析计算

针对有限元法求解空载漏磁系数时计算量大的问题,采用磁路法全面考虑了永磁电机内部4不同漏磁通路径,并根据电机结构尺寸确定各漏磁通的积分区域,不但解决了磁路法在电机结构变化时漏磁系数计算不准确的问题,而且同时具备计算量小的优点。在极弧系数、气隙长度和永磁体厚度分别变化的情况下,漏磁系数的有限元结果与磁路法结果吻合,证明了该文所提出的漏磁导计算方法的准确性。该方法不需要复杂的有限元计算,尤其适用于电机优化设计。     

量子线与量子点中的量子态

本文简要地介绍了量子线与量子点的概念，并说明可利用电容测量研究低维系统的性质。     

Quantum metallicity in a two-dimensional insulator

One of the most far-reaching problems in condensed-matter physics is to understand how interactions between electrons, and the resulting correlations, affect the electronic properties of disordered two-dimensional systems. Extensive experimental and theoretical studies have shown that interaction effects are enhanced by disorder, and that this generally results in a depletion of the density of electronic states. In the limit of strong disorder, this depletion takes the form of a complete gap in the density of states. It is known that this 'Coulomb gap' can turn a pure metal film that is highly disordered into a poorly conducting insulator, but the properties of these insulators are not well understood. Here we investigate the electronic properties of disordered beryllium films, with the aim of disentangling the effects of the Coulomb gap and the underlying disorder. We show that the gap is suppressed by a magnetic field and that this drives the strongly insulating beryllium films into a low-temperature 'quantum metal' phase with resistance near the quantum resistance RQ = h/e2, where h is Planck's constant and e is the electron charge.     

量子阱中极化子的性质

给出声子分布函数的解析表达式，并利用该表达式和Lee-Low-Pines(LLP)变分方法计算极性晶体板中极化子的基态能量，与自恰的数值结果进行比较，结果吻合。     

Coherent singlet-triplet oscillations in a silicon-based double quantum dot

Silicon is more than the dominant material in the conventional microelectronics industry: it also has potential as a host material for emerging quantum information technologies. Standard fabrication techniques already allow the isolation of single electron spins in silicon transistor-like devices. Although this is also possible in other materials, silicon-based systems have the advantage of interacting more weakly with nuclear spins. Reducing such interactions is important for the control of spin quantum bits because nuclear fluctuations limit quantum phase coherence, as seen in recent experiments in GaAs-based quantum dots. Advances in reducing nuclear decoherence effects by means of complex control still result in coherence times much shorter than those seen in experiments on large ensembles of impurity-bound electrons in bulk silicon crystals. Here we report coherent control of electron spins in two coupled quantum dots in an undoped Si/SiGe heterostructure and show that this system has a nuclei-induced dephasing time of 360 nanoseconds, which is an increase by nearly two orders of magnitude over similar measurements in GaAs-based quantum dots. The degree of phase coherence observed, combined with fast, gated electrical initialization, read-out and control, should motivate future development of silicon-based quantum information processors.