Quantum oscillations in two coupled charge qubits

A practical quantum computer, if built, would consist of a set of coupled two-level quantum systems (qubits). Among the variety of qubits implemented, solid-state qubits are of particular interest because of their potential suitability for integrated devices. A variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented; these exploit the coherence of Cooper-pair tunnelling in the superconducting state. Despite apparent progress in the implementation of individual solid-state qubits, there have been no experimental reports of multiple qubit gates--a basic requirement for building a real quantum computer. Here we demonstrate a Josephson circuit consisting of two coupled charge qubits. Using a pulse technique, we coherently mix quantum states and observe quantum oscillations, the spectrum of which reflects interaction between the qubits. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of coupling multiple solid-state qubits, and indicate the existence of entangled two-qubit states.     

Quantum computing in molecular magnets

Shor and Grover demonstrated that a quantum computer can outperform any classical computer in factoring numbers and in searching a database by exploiting the parallelism of quantum mechanics. Whereas Shor's algorithm requires both superposition and entanglement of a many-particle system, the superposition of single-particle quantum states is sufficient for Grover's algorithm. Recently, the latter has been successfully implemented using Rydberg atoms. Here we propose an implementation of Grover's algorithm that uses molecular magnets, which are solid-state systems with a large spin; their spin eigenstates make them natural candidates for single-particle systems. We show theoretically that molecular magnets can be used to build dense and efficient memory devices based on the Grover algorithm. In particular, one single crystal can serve as a storage unit of a dynamic random access memory device. Fast electron spin resonance pulses can be used to decode and read out stored numbers of up to 105, with access times as short as 10-10 seconds. We show that our proposal should be feasible using the molecular magnets Fe8 and Mn12.     

Quantum oscillations and the Fermi surface in an underdoped high-Tc superconductor

Despite twenty years of research, the phase diagram of high-transition-temperature superconductors remains enigmatic. A central issue is the origin of the differences in the physical properties of these copper oxides doped to opposite sides of the superconducting region. In the overdoped regime, the material behaves as a reasonably conventional metal, with a large Fermi surface. The underdoped regime, however, is highly anomalous and appears to have no coherent Fermi surface, but only disconnected 'Fermi arcs'. The fundamental question, then, is whether underdoped copper oxides have a Fermi surface, and if so, whether it is topologically different from that seen in the overdoped regime. Here we report the observation of quantum oscillations in the electrical resistance of the oxygen-ordered copper oxide YBa2Cu3O6.5, establishing the existence of a well-defined Fermi surface in the ground state of underdoped copper oxides, once superconductivity is suppressed by a magnetic field. The low oscillation frequency reveals a Fermi surface made of small pockets, in contrast to the large cylinder characteristic of the overdoped regime. Two possible interpretations are discussed: either a small pocket is part of the band structure specific to YBa2Cu3O6.5 or small pockets arise from a topological change at a critical point in the phase diagram. Our understanding of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductors will depend critically on which of these two interpretations proves to be correct.     

Emergent excitations in a geometrically frustrated magnet

Frustrated systems are ubiquitous, and they are interesting because their behaviour is difficult to predict; frustration can lead to macroscopic degeneracies and qualitatively new states of matter. Magnetic systems offer good examples in the form of spin lattices, where all interactions between spins cannot be simultaneously satisfied. Here we report how unusual composite spin degrees of freedom can emerge from frustrated magnetic interactions in the cubic spinel ZnCr(2)O(4). Upon cooling, groups of six spins self-organize into weakly interacting antiferromagnetic loops, whose directors -- the unique direction along which the spins are aligned, parallel or antiparallel -- govern all low-temperature dynamics. The experimental evidence comes from a measurement of the magnetic form factor by inelastic neutron scattering; the data show that neutrons scatter from hexagonal spin clusters rather than individual spins. The hexagon directors are, to a first approximation, decoupled from each other, and hence their reorientations embody the long-sought local zero energy modes for the pyrochlore lattice.     

量子点量子阱中的极化子

首先研究了量子点量子阱中的电子态,对阱外及阱内的两种束缚态都进行了考虑,然后采用微扰方法,对量子点量子阱系统中的极化子效应进行了研究。最后采用CdS/HgS为材料的量子点量子阱 进行了数值计算,结果显示极化子效应对电子能级的修正明显并且不能被忽略。     

Field-tuned quantum effects in a triangular-lattice Ising magnet

We report thermodynamic and neutron scattering measurements of the triangular-lattice quantum Ising magnet TmMgGaO4 in longitudinal magnetic fields.Our experime...     

Quantum distribution of protons in solid molecular hydrogen at megabar pressures

Solid hydrogen, a simple system consisting only of protons and electrons, exhibits a variety of structural phase transitions at high pressures. Experimental studies based on static compression up to about 230 GPa revealed three relevant phases of solid molecular hydrogen: phase I (high-temperature, low-pressure phase), phase II (low-temperature phase) and phase III (high-pressure phase). Spectroscopic data suggest that symmetry breaking, possibly related to orientational ordering, accompanies the transition into phases II and III. The boundaries dividing the three phases exhibit a strong isotope effect, indicating that the quantum-mechanical properties of hydrogen nuclei are important. Here we report the quantum distributions of protons in the three phases of solid hydrogen, obtained by a first-principles path-integral molecular dynamics method. We show that quantum fluctuations of protons effectively hinder molecular rotation--that is, a quantum localization occurs. The obtained crystal structures have entirely different symmetries from those predicted by the conventional simulations which treat protons classically.     

以[NEt4]3[Fe（CN）6]和[Mn（Ⅲ）（SB）S1S2]C1O4为单元的分子磁体的合成和表征

以[NEt4]3[Fe(CN)6]和[Mn(Ⅲ)(SB)S1S2]ClO4(SB,席夫碱=5 CH3salophen(双水杨醛缩邻苯二胺)和5 CH3salen(双水杨醛缩乙二胺),S1和S2为H2O或CH3OH)为单元,室温下组装得到了新的化合物,并进行了相应的表征.结合元素分析、红外光谱分析、紫外 可见光谱分析和热分析结果,可以看出,席夫碱配体的空间位阻不同,化合物的结构也有很大变化.     

耦合量子线-量子点体系中的Fano效应

利用非平衡格林函数方法,研究了耦合量子线-量子点体系的相干电子输运性质.研究发现:对于旁耦合一个2能级量子点的量子线的线性电导呈现有趣的电导降中带电导峰的现象;而对于耦合2量子点体系,线性电导表现为有趣的多共振现象.由于Fano干涉,上述电导峰电子的线型不是洛仑兹型的.     

Nanomechanical oscillations in a single-C60 transistor

The motion of electrons through quantum dots is strongly modified by single-electron charging and the quantization of energy levels. Much effort has been directed towards extending studies of electron transport to chemical nanostructures, including molecules, nanocrystals and nanotubes. Here we report the fabrication of single-molecule transistors based on individual C60 molecules connected to gold electrodes. We perform transport measurements that provide evidence for a coupling between the centre-of-mass motion of the C60 molecules and single-electron hopping--a conduction mechanism that has not been observed previously in quantum dot studies. The coupling is manifest as quantized nano-mechanical oscillations of the C60 molecule against the gold surface, with a frequency of about 1.2 THz. This value is in good agreement with a simple theoretical estimate based on van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between C60 molecules and gold electrodes.     

量子点量子阱结构中激子的极化效应(英文)

考虑激子与体纵光学声子的相互作用,采用变分法研究了量子点量子阱结构中澈子的极化效应.以CdS/HgS量子点量子阱结构为例进行数值计算,得到了激子的基态能量和束缚能.研究结果表明,声子对澈子束缚能的贡献随着阱宽的增加而增加,极化子效应不能忽略.激子的基态能量和束缚能明显依赖于量子点量子阱结构的核半径和壳层厚度,量子点量子阱结构的尺寸对激子-声子相互作用有重要的影响.     

量子线与量子点中的量子态

本文简要地介绍了量子线与量子点的概念，并说明可利用电容测量研究低维系统的性质。     

表贴式永磁电机漏磁导的解析计算

针对有限元法求解空载漏磁系数时计算量大的问题,采用磁路法全面考虑了永磁电机内部4不同漏磁通路径,并根据电机结构尺寸确定各漏磁通的积分区域,不但解决了磁路法在电机结构变化时漏磁系数计算不准确的问题,而且同时具备计算量小的优点。在极弧系数、气隙长度和永磁体厚度分别变化的情况下,漏磁系数的有限元结果与磁路法结果吻合,证明了该文所提出的漏磁导计算方法的准确性。该方法不需要复杂的有限元计算,尤其适用于电机优化设计。     

量子阱中极化子的性质

给出声子分布函数的解析表达式,并利用该表达式和Lee-Low-Pines(LLP)变分方法计算极性晶体板中极化子的基态能量,与自恰的数值结果进行比较,结果吻合。     

尾水管压力脉动的模拟与现场实测

通过求解包括导叶、转轮、尾水管3大过流部件在内的水轮机流道内的三维不稳定Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes方程,获得了不同开度部分负荷下的尾水管压力脉动特征和涡带特征。计算采用了RNGk-ε模型。对所计算的水轮机,在尾水管进人门中心对压力脉动进行了现场实测。计算与实测的比较表明,在开度为65%~80%的范围内,计算所得涡带压力脉动低频频率与实测值吻合良好;在80%左右开度下,幅值预测也很准确,但65%左右开度下,幅值偏差略大;结合尾水管内涡带运动特征,对计算方法进行了评价:由于所采用的k-ε系列模型为统计模型,计算的压力脉动未能反映实测中出现的高频成分。     

Quantum metallicity in a two-dimensional insulator

One of the most far-reaching problems in condensed-matter physics is to understand how interactions between electrons, and the resulting correlations, affect the electronic properties of disordered two-dimensional systems. Extensive experimental and theoretical studies have shown that interaction effects are enhanced by disorder, and that this generally results in a depletion of the density of electronic states. In the limit of strong disorder, this depletion takes the form of a complete gap in the density of states. It is known that this 'Coulomb gap' can turn a pure metal film that is highly disordered into a poorly conducting insulator, but the properties of these insulators are not well understood. Here we investigate the electronic properties of disordered beryllium films, with the aim of disentangling the effects of the Coulomb gap and the underlying disorder. We show that the gap is suppressed by a magnetic field and that this drives the strongly insulating beryllium films into a low-temperature 'quantum metal' phase with resistance near the quantum resistance RQ = h/e2, where h is Planck's constant and e is the electron charge.     

量子点量子阱结构中极化子效应对斯塔克能移的影响(英文)

采用变分法研究了量子点量子阱结构中极化子效应对斯塔克能移的影响.计算中考虑了电子与体纵光学声子和表面光学声子的相互作用.以CdS/HgS量子点量子阱结构为例进行数值计算,发现极化子基态能量随量子点半径的增加而单调增加,随电场强度的增加而单调减少.电子-声子相互作用增强了斯塔克能移.极化子自陷能随量子点半径及电场强度的增加而增加.量子点量子阱结构的尺寸对极化子斯塔克能移有显著影响.     

量子点表面分子印迹的研究与进展

量子点以其优异的光学特性和光化学稳定性,在分析化学、生物科学以及医学等领域逐渐发挥出越来越大的作用,分子印迹是一种制备具有分子识别功能的聚合物的技术,而在量子点表面进行分子印迹合成的聚合物可以兼具出色的光学特性和高度的形态选择性两大优点。此文简单概述了量子点和表面分子印迹的原理和特性,以及在量子点表面做分子印迹的研究进展及前景展望。     

咪唑啉缓蚀剂分子结构与缓蚀性能的量子化学分析

采用量子化学密度泛函理论,考察6种十一烷基咪唑啉缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能与分子结构的关系,通过前线轨道分布、Fukui指数、自然电荷分布以及分子中重原子对前线轨道贡献等分析缓蚀剂分子的反应活性位点.结果表明:咪唑啉类缓蚀剂分子与金属界面作用时,主要是咪唑环和亲水支链上的极性基团起作用,分子的活性位点主要分布在咪唑环及亲水取代基...     

量子通信中的量子加密网络

对量子密钥分发协议进行了研究，利用点－点量子密钥分发协议的基础上，基于传统密钥托管方案，推广到多点之间（即在网络环境下）的密钥分发协议，提出了多用户、多控制中心网络环境下量子密钥分发过程的实现方法。各中心节点只起到密钥存储、Bell基联合测量、对密钥进行接力传送的作用，密钥是动态产生的，各中心并不知道最终生成的密钥。