调控酶解底物初始pH制备低聚木糖

研究在木聚糖酶定向酶解纯木聚糖及木聚糖碱抽提液制备功能性低聚木糖时,酸和缓冲溶液调控底物的初始ｐＨ对低聚木糖的影响。结果表明,木聚糖酶在ｐＨ５．０左右的活力最高;酸调控纯木聚糖底物的低聚木糖得率低于缓冲溶液调控的低聚木糖得率,但两者相关不大;而当底物为木聚糖碱抽提液是,由于木素的存在,两种调控方式的低聚木糖得率相差较大,酶解液出现浑浊状态;酸调控纯木聚糖,木聚糖碱抽提液时,低聚木糖得率最高的初始ｐ     

β-木糖苷酶的研究进展

β-木糖苷酶是木聚糖水解酶系中的重要一员,可以和木聚糖酶协同水解木聚糖,被认为是木聚糖水解的关键酶之一.近年来,研究人员发现除水解木聚糖外,β-木糖苷酶还可以水解含有木糖基的化合物,如7-木糖-10-去乙酰紫杉醇、部分人参皂苷和三七皂苷等,产生具有生物活性的物质.此外,部分微生物来源的β-木糖苷酶还具有转糖苷功能,可以...     

木聚糖降解酶酶法制取低聚木糖的初步研究

木聚糖酶是一类复合酶系,木聚糖水解酶具有多重性现象.酶解法的关键在于木聚糖酶对底物的适应性,即选择合适的木聚糖酶.着重介绍木聚糖的预处理、选择相关条件酶解.正交试验表明,木聚糖酶水解木聚糖的条件为:在摇床转速为220r/min,温度为45℃的条件下,50mL缓冲液(pH=3.6)中加入0.02%木聚糖酶酶解2g粗木聚糖5h,得到低聚木糖浓度为4.12mg/mL,低聚木糖占总糖浓度的41.18%.     

酶法制备低聚木糖的研究

利用木聚糖酶酶解小麦麸皮制备低聚木糖,为麸皮的深加工开辟了一条新途径.根据实验确定了木聚糖酶水解麸皮木聚糖的工艺条件,即酶浓度为1200 IU/g底物,木聚糖终质量分数为12%,水解温度为40℃,水解时间为6 h,总糖得率为57.12%,低聚木糖的得率为22.52%.对酶解液进行定性定量分析,结果表明,其主要成分为木二糖和木三糖.     

棘孢木霉GH11家族木聚糖酶的异源表达及酶学性质

从棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)中克隆得到一个糖苷水解酶(glycoside hydrolase,GH)11家族木聚糖酶基因TaXyn11A,并在大肠杆菌中进行了异源表达。该基因含有一个672bp的开放阅读框,编码223个氨基酸,编码的蛋白与来自哈茨木霉C4(Trichoderma harzianum)的GH11家族木聚糖酶xynⅡ(NCBI accession No. B5A7N4.1)的同源性为85.2%。粗酶液经Ni-NTA亲和层析一步纯化得到电泳级纯酶(TaXyn11A),该酶分子质量为24.2kDa。研究了纯酶的酶学性质,结果表明:TaXyn11A为酸性中温木聚糖酶,最适pH值和最适温度分别是5.0和50℃,在pH值为4.0~10.0时和45℃及以下保持稳定,45℃时半衰期为14.3h。EDTA、Mn²⁺和Cr³⁺对该酶有激活作用,而SDS和CTAB对该酶有抑制作用。底物特异性及水解特性分析表明:TaXyn11A可特异性水解燕麦木聚糖、小麦阿拉伯木聚糖、榉木木聚糖和桦木木聚糖等木聚糖底物,比酶活力分别为989.6、727.6、706.0、484.5U·mg-1,水解12h后,产物以聚合度为2~6的低聚木糖为主。这些优良的酶学特性使TaXyn11A在低聚木糖生产中具有潜在应用价值。     

纤维微菌XM-8木聚糖酶基因克隆及酶学性质

【目的】为获得可应用于木聚糖水解的酶资源,希望通过筛选分离得到能够水解木聚糖的木聚糖酶产生菌,克隆表达木聚糖酶基因并研究其酶学性质。【方法】从环境中筛选分离出可水解木聚糖的菌株,利用16SrDNA对其进行分子鉴定。扩增其木聚糖酶基因,以pET22b(+)为表达载体,构建共表达重组质粒,转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)进行异源表达,并对重组酶进行酶学性质研究。【结果】经16SrDNA鉴定该菌株为纤维微菌。通过PCR成功克隆到该菌的木聚糖酶基因(xyn-8a),并构建共表达质粒pET22b-xyn-8a,实现木聚糖酶Xyn-8a的活性表达。酶学性质研究表明Xyn-8a最适反应温度为60℃,最适反应pH值为6.0,只对木聚糖底物有活性;HPLC分析其水解产物以木二糖为主,还有少量的木糖和木三糖。【结论】XYN-8A在pH值为6的条件下具有较高活力,且可以催化水解反应,在生产低聚木糖方面具有一定的应用价值。     

玉米芯中木聚糖提取方法的研究

采用碱解玉米芯粉末后,玉米芯碱解液用30%(w:v)过氧化氢溶液脱色并且用10%(w:v)三氯乙酸溶液脱蛋白来提取木聚糖,收得率分别为24.4%。并用真菌DSM10635菌株产的木聚糖酶对以三种不同来源的木聚糖以及自提玉米芯木聚糖为底物测得的米氏常数进行比较,还检测比较了DSM 10635木聚糖酶以桦树和自提木聚糖作为底物的最佳酶促反应温度。结果表明,从玉米芯自提木聚糖的Km值7.5303与燕麦木聚糖的Km值5.6044相近,桦树和自提的木聚糖的最佳酶促反应温度也都在65-70℃左右,具有一定的取代性。方法简单,收得率较高的木聚糖提取方法对工业上大量生产具有重要的意义。     

里氏木霉制备木聚糖酶的产酶历程

以玉米芯木聚糖为原料,里氏木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｒｅｓｅｉ）ＲｕｔＣ３０为菌种,采用改进的Ｍａｎｄｅｌｓ配方制备木聚糖酶,产酶历程与制备纤维素酶时有较大差异。具体表现在产酶周期短,ｐＨ值基本无下降的趋势,酶液中可溶性蛋白质浓度较低。底物浓度为７ｇ／Ｌ时,木聚糖酶活力达１２５６ＩＵ／ｍＬ,比活力、酶得率及酶产率分别为８１９０ＩＵ／ｍｇ蛋白质、１７９４３ＩＵ／ｇ木聚糖和４１８６．７ＩＵ／Ｌ·ｄ。产酶最终ｐＨ应控制在６～７较为适宜,酶活力最高。ｐＨ超过７．０,酶可能失活。酶解结果表明,木聚糖酶对木聚糖干粉具有很高的降解效率,当每克底物的酶用量为０．１克木聚糖干粉产的酶液量时,酶解得率一般可达９０％左右。     

新型α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶RuAra1的表达与鉴定

随着能源问题的日益突出,半纤维素资源的利用逐渐受到人们的重视.α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶(α-Larabinofuranosidase,EC 3.2.1.55)属于半纤维素酶系,能水解以α-1,3、α-1,2或α-1,5键连在木聚糖主链上的阿拉伯糖单体或低聚阿拉伯糖侧支.本实验室将克隆得到的α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶基因RuAral在大肠杆菌中重组表达,得到的重组阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶RuAral能够水解4-硝基酚-α-L-阿拉伯糖苷(4-Nitrophenyl-α-Larabinofuranoside,pNPA)、4-硝基酚-β-D-吡喃木糖苷(4-Nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside,pNPX)以及从小麦阿拉伯木聚糖中水解释放阿拉伯单糖.以pNPX为底物时,该酶的最适反应pH为6.0,最适反应温度为50℃.RuAral与瘤胃真菌(Neocallimastix patriciarum)内切木聚糖酶XynCIDBFV、瘤胃细菌木糖苷酶RuXynl的组合使用可以实现对小麦阿拉伯木聚糖的协同降解,且降解效率优于德国AB酶制剂公司的商品酶ROHALASE WP.     

木聚糖酶分级对高温降解木聚糖酶水解的影响

为提高酶解液中聚合度为2～5的低聚木糖含量,采用超滤的方法对木聚糖酶进行分级,用于高温降解木聚糖的酶水解。结果表明：木聚糖酶原酶液经超滤分级后,得到的木聚糖酶A组分（分子质量为30～50 ku）、B组分（分子质量为10～30 ku）和C组分（分子质量小于10 ku）,均能使木聚糖中聚合度较高的糖降解为聚合度为2～5的低聚木糖。木聚糖酶B组分由于富含内切木聚糖酶XYN I和XYNⅡ,1 mg酶蛋白可以产生263 g木二糖、185 g木三糖、115g木四糖和046 g木五糖,明显高于木聚糖酶A和C组分高温降解木聚糖的水解能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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